pGen. Ed Reviewers 2.

TAMBALAN – dalawang sugnay na ‘di makapag-iisa

3. HUGNAYAN – madalas nagsisimula sa kung, dahil
sa
MGA TEORYA NG PINAGMULAN NG WIKA
4. LANGKAPAN – mahabang pangungusap
1. BOW-WOW –kalikasan at hayop
MGA URI NG KWENTO
2. DING-DONG – bagay
1. PABULA (fable) – hayop
3. POOH-POOH – masidhing damdamin
2. PARABULA (parable)– Bibliya
4. YOHEHO – pwersang pisikal
3. ANEKDOTA (anecdote) – tunay na buhay
FILIPINO POETS AND PEN NAMES
4. MITOLOHIYA (myth) – diyos at diyosa
BENVENIDO SANTOS – American Culture Writings
(pinagmulan)
DANIEL DEFOE – “Robinson Crusoen” (novel)
ASPEKTO NG PANDIWA (Verb)
EDILBERTO TIEMPO – made “Cry Slaughter” that has
1. PERPEKTIBO – tumakbo
been
2. IMPERPEKTIBO – tumatakbo
translated many times
3. KONTEMPLATIBO – tatakbo
ERNEST HEMINGWAY – Ring Lardner Jr.
KAANTASAN NG PANG-URI (Adjective)
JOSE GARCIA VILLA – “Comma Poet”, Dove G. Lion
1. LANTAY – walang pinaghahambingan
MIGUEL DE CERVANTES/ESCALANDE -
2. PAHAMBING ¬– inihahalintulad
Masterpiece is
3. PASUKDOL – nangingibabaw (H: pinakamataas)
“Don Quixote” that is most influential
MGA URI NG TULA
NICK JOAQUIN – Quijano de Manila
1. PATULA (Moro-moro)
– Spanish Culture Writing
2. PASALAYSAY (Epiko, Awit, Korido)
PAZ MARQUEZ BENITEZ – made “Dead Stars” that
MGA AWITING BAYAN
is the 1st
1. DALIT/HIMNO – pagsamba sa anito o pang-
modern English short story
relihiyon
SAMUEL LANGHORNE CLEMENS – Mark Twain
2. DIONA – kasal
- “Adventures of Tom Sawyer”
3. DUNG-AW – patay (pagdadalamhati)
- “Adventures of Huckleberry Finn” (best novel)
4. KALUSAN – paggawa
SINTAKS/SINTAKSIS/PALAUGNAYAN
5. KUMINTANG – tagumpay (pandigma)
- sangay ng barirala na tumatalakay sa masistemang
6. KUNDIMAN – pag-ibig
pagkaka-ayus-ayos ng mga salita sa pagbuo ng mga
7. OYAYI – pagpapatulog ng bata
parirala at pangungusap
8. SOLIRANIN – pagsasagwan
PEN NAMES OF FILIPINO PROTAGONISTS
9. TALINDAW – pamamangka
ANDRES BONIFACIO – May Pag-asa, Agapito
PAGBABAGONG MORPONEMIKO
Bagumbayan
1. ASIMILASYON – Parsyal (pangsukli), Ganap
ANTONIO LUNA – Taga-Ilog
(panukli)
EMILIO AGUINALDO - Magdalo
2. MAY ANGKOP – wikain mo – “kamo”
EMILIO JACINTO – Di Masilaw, Tingkian
3. MAYSUDLONG/PAGDARAGDAG NG PONEMA
GRACIANO LOPEQ JAENA – Diego Laura
- muntik – muntikan, pagmuntikan, pagmuntikanan
JOSE MA. PANGANIBAN ¬– JoMaPa
4. METATESIS – linipad – nilipad
JOSE RIZAL – Dimas alang, Laon laan
5. PAGKAKALTAS NG PONEMO – takipan – takpan
JUAN LUNA – Buan
6. PAGLILIPAT-DIIN – laRUan (playground) - laruAN
MARCELO DEL PILAR – Plaridel, Dolores Manapat,
(toy)
Piping Dilat
7. PAGPAPALIT NG PONEMA – madapat – marapat
MARIANO PONCE – Tikbalang, Naning (Satanas),
MGA URI NG PANGHALIP/PRONOUNS
Kalipulako
1. PANAO/PERSONAL PRONOUN – ako/I etc.
MGA URI NG PANGUNGUSAP
2. PAMATLIG/DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN –
WALANG PAKSA:
ito/this etc.
1. EKSISTENSYAL – mayroong isa o higit pang tao
3. PANAKLAW/INDEFINITE P. - isa, all, anyone etc.
Halimbawa: Mayroon daw puno sa bakuran.
4. PATULAD – ganito, ganyan atbp.
2. MODAL – nais/pwede/maari (Gusto ko matulog.)
5. PANANONG/INTERROGATIVE P. – sino, when
3. PANLIPUNAN – pagbati, pagbigay galang atbp.
etc.
4. SAGOT LAMANG – “Talaga?”, “Oo”
6. PAMANGGIT/RELATIVE P. – daw, umano, which,
5. SAMBITLA – masidhing damdamin (Aray!)
who
6. TEMPORAL – panandaliang kalagayan o panahon
KAYARIAN:
1. PAYAK – iisang kaisipan

PHILIPPINE HISTORY BULLETS

● 1380 - Muslim Arabs arrived at the Sulu
Archipelago.
● 1521 - Ferdinand Magellan "discovers"
the islands and names them: Archipelago of
San Lazaro.
● 1543- Spanish expedition commandeered
by Ruy Lopez de Villalobos claims the
islands for Spain; names them "Philippines"
after Prince Philip, later King Philip II of
Spain; the Philippines becomes part of
Spanish Empire.
● 1872 - Gomburza (Fathers Mariano
Gomez, Jose Burgos and Jacinto Zamora)
were executed by the Spaniards.
● 1892 - Jose Rizal founded the civic
organization La Liga Filipina.
● 1896 - Katipuneros tear their cedulas &
shout in contempt of the Spaniards in what
is called the Cry of Pugadlawin.
● 1897 - General Emilio Aguinaldo
establishes the a new republic at Biak-na-
Bato in Bulacan.
● 1887 - José Rizal publishes anti-Spanish
novel, Noli Me Tangere (The Lost Eden);
and seers up independence sentiment.
● 1896 - Spanish execute Rizal for
instigating insurrection; public outrage
spawns rebellion.
● 1898 - American warship Maine was
blown up in Havana harbour, triggers the the
Spanish-American war, the battle of Manila
Bay ensues.
● 1898 - Emilio Aguinaldo assembled the
Malolos Congress in Bulacan, then declares
independence in Kawit, Cavite
● 1898 - Treaty of Paris ends Spanish-
American War, cedes Philippines to U.S.
after payment to Spain by U.S. of $ 20
million. Emilio Aguinaldo declares
independence then leads a guerrilla war
against U.S.
● 1901 - U.S. captures Aguinaldo; William
Howard Taft arrives as first U.S. governor of
Philippines.
● 1902 - Insurrection ends; Taft improves
economic conditions, settles disputes over
church ownership of land, establishes
"Pensionado" program, allowing Filipinos to
study in U.S., which helped modernize and
westernize the country.
● 1916 - U.S. congress passes the Jones Law
establishing elected Filipino legislature with
house and senate.
● 1934 - U.S. congress approves the
Tydings-McDuffie Law promising
Philippine independence by 1946; transition
to independence begins.
● 1935 - Filipino people approve
constitution creating the Philippine
Commonwealth with Manuel Quezon y
Molina as president.
● 1941 - Japanese invades the Philippines,
and defeats Gen. Douglas MacArthur at
Bataan and Corregidor; Quezon establishes
government in exile in the U.S.
● 1944 - Quezon dies in exile; Vice
President Sergio Osmeña assumes the
presidency; MacArthur returns to the
Philippines and lands in Leyte with little
resistance.
● 1945 - Gen. MacArthur liberates Manila
and President Osmeña establishes
government.
● 1946 - The U.S. gave the Philippines
independence and Manuel Roxas y Acuña is
elected as the first president of the new
republic.
● 1965 - Ferdinand E. Marcos is elected by
a big majority as president.
● 1972 - Martial Law was declared by
President Marcos. This period is marked
with human rights abuses and corruption.
● 1981 - Marcos lifts Martial Law.
● 1983 - Opposition leader Benigno
"Ninoy" Aquino returns from exile and is
assassinated on arrival at Manila
International Airport; Aquino's widow
Corazon leads the "People Power" protest
movement.
● 1986 - Marcos was officially declared
winner in a presidential election beating
Corazon Aquino amid charges of fraud;
demonstrations erupt; Marcos flees to ● 2010 - Benigno "Noynoy" Simeon
Hawaii; Aquino is declared president and Cojuangco Aquino III wins the Presidential
forms a new government. elections and sworn in at Manila's Rizal
● 1992 - Endorsed by Aquino, her Secretary Park on June 30, 2010.
of Defense Gen. Fidel Ramos wins ● 2016 - Rodrigo "Rody" Roa Duterte, the
presidential election. U.S. Philippine former Mayor of Davao City assumes the
congress rejects a new treaty with the U.S. Presidency. He is the first president to come
and Subic Bay naval base and Clark Air from Mindanao.
Field returns to Philippine government, Ctto
ending American military presence in the
Philippines.
● 1996 - The government of Ramos agrees 125125
to greater autonomy for southern island of 224 Shares
Mindanao. Moro National Liberation Front Like
(MNLF) ends the guerrilla war with the Comment
government. Share
● 1997 - Asian financial crisis grips Asia 2 Comments
and the Philippines escapes the crisis despite
series of currency devaluations.
● 1998 - Former movie actor Joseph Estrada
is elected president.
● 2000 - On charges of corruption, the lower
house impeach Estrada.
● 2001 - Estrada was forced to step down
due to public outrage over corruption
allegations. Vice President Gloria
Macapagal-Arroyo assumes the presidency.
● 2004 - Presidential election takes place.
Arroyo's closest rival (a dear friend of Ex-
President Estrada) is film actor Fernando
Poe, Jr. Arroyo narrowly defeats Poe, taking
39.5% of the vote to Poe's 36.6%.
● 2005 - A taped conversation between
President Arroyo & an election official
surfaced during the 2004 elections implying
she influenced the official election results.
Calls for her resignation and demonstrations
followed soon after. In September 2005,
Congress voted down the filing of an
impeachment against Arroyo.
● 2007 - Former President Joseph Estrada is
convicted of plunder, the first ever in the
history of the Philippines.
● 2010 - First automated national elections
in the Philippines.

MGA SAGISAG-PANULAT NG MGA
PILIPINONG MANUNULAT
● Emilio Aguinaldo – Rosalia Magdalo,
Magdalo
● Virgilio Almario – Rio Alma
● Cecilio Apostol – Catulo, Calipso and
Calypso
● Francisco Baltazar – Balagtas
● Andres Bonifacio – Agapito Bagumbayan,
Maypagasa, Magdiwang
● Felipe Calderon – Simoun, Elias
● Florentino Collantes – Kuntil-butil
● Jose Corazon de Jesus – Huseng Batute,
Pusong Hapis, Luksang Paruparo
● Jose dela Cruz – Huseng Sisiw
● Epifanio delos Santos – G. Solon
● Nestor Vicente Madali Gonzalez –
N.V.M. Gonzalez
● Marcelo H. del Pilar – Plaridel, Dolores
Manapat, Piping Dilat, Siling Labuyo
● Severino Reyes – Lola Basyang
● Fernando Ma. Guerrero – Fluvio Gil,
Florisel
● Amado Hernandez – Amante Ernani,
Herninia de la Riva, Julio Abril
● Emilio Jacinto – Dimas-ilaw, Pingkian
● Nick Joaquin – Quijano de Manila
● Graciano Lopez Jaena – Bolivar, Diego
Laura
● Antonio Luna – Taga-ilog
● Juan Luna – J.B., Buan
● Apolinario Mabini – Bini, Paralitiko,
Katabay
● Jose Palma – Anahaw, Esteban Estebanes,
Gan Hantik
● Jose Maria Panganiban – Jomapa, J.M.P.
● Pascual H. Poblete – Anak-bayan
● Mariano Ponce – Nanding, Tikbalang,
Kalipulako
● Jose Rizal – Dimas-alang, Laong-laan,
Agno
● Lope K. Santos – Anak-bayan, Doktor
Lukas, Lakandalita
● Pio Valenzuela – Madlang-awa
● Jose Garcia Villa – Doveglion
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