IG Chemistry – Chapter 1 NOTES 1

Chapter 1 States of matter - Lesson 1

IG 化学教材 > State of matter
page3-5 > Interconversion between 3 states of matter
考点 掌握不同状态变化过程的名字
难点 理解三态物质的能量高低和状态变化伴随的能量变化
时长/min 主题 材料/呈现形式/教学方法
2 课程要求
3 引入: What are the differences between ice, water, steam particles？ 口头
15 知识点①: Particle Arrangement 板书 ；讲授法
5 课堂提问①: Particle Arrangement 口头英文提问
10 知识点②: change of states 板书 ；讲授法
5 课堂提问②: change of state 口头英文提问
3 总结+作业布置 Chap1-Q1, Q2

【课程要求 – 2 mins】
1. 上课抄笔记，定期检查
2. 每周预习下一章节，发预习纸，阅读教材，整理知识点。
3. 作业：①用红笔订重新改正上一次写错的作业；②当堂布置的作业; ③ 背单词+下次课听写

【引入- 3mins】请学生思考
1. Macroscopic view of three states of H2O:
water - H2O(l) steam/ water vapor – H2O(g) ice – H2O (s)
2. Microscopic view: how are the H2O particles arranged in solid, liquid, gas?

【知识点① - 15 mins】
1. Arrangement of particles

Particles /State solid liquid gas

Microscopic
view

 arranged
 arranged randomly
Arrangement regularly  far apart
 touching
 packed closely
 fixed  fastest
Movement  move around each other
 vibrate  move randomly
Energy  low  medium  highest

Attraction  largest  medium  no attraction

 IG Chemistry – Chapter 1 NOTES 2

【口头提问 – 5 mins】请三位不同的同学，答对加平时分。

1. In which state, particles move most quickly?

2. In which state, the distance between particles is the largest

3. In which state, particles have largest attraction?

【知识点② - 10 mins】
2. Interconversions between the three states of matter

【口头提问 – 5 mins】

1. In what process, matter changes from gas to liquid ？

2. When matter vaporises, what is the change of state?

3. In what process, matter changes from liquid to solid ？

【总结 – 2 mins】

1. Particle arrangement:

Arrangement, movement, energy, attraction

2. Processes of state change

【作业 – 1 mins】

1. Edexcel IG Chemistry Chapter 1 – Q1, Q2。要求：题目翻译为中文，回答用英文。明天交。

2. 背记英文单词并默写。下次课听写。

Chapter 1 States of matter – Lesson 2

IG 化学教材 > Working out the physical state of a substance at a particular T

page 6-8 > Diffusion
 IG Chemistry – Chapter 1 NOTES 3

考点 掌握 NH3 和 HCl 气体扩散实验的原理和现象

难点 灵活运用扩散原理来预测实验现象
时长/min 主题 材料/呈现形式/教学方法
5 接上节课。复习: 固体颗粒排列有什么特点？
12 知识点①: Find physical state of matter at T 板书；讲授法
5 课堂练习①: Find physical state of Ether at difference T 自编，见板书 NOTES
13 知识点②: Diffusion 板书：讲授法
5 口头提问②: Change position of NH3 and HCl 口头提问
5 总结+作业布置 Chap1-Q3, Q4

【引入 – 5 mins】Review 口头提问: How are solid particles arranged?

【知识点① - 12 mins】
3. Physical state of matter at T

(1) At room temperature (25 oC)

 r.t. < b.p => liquid r.t. > b.p. => gas

 r.t. < m.p => solid r.t. > m.p. => liquid or gas

【课堂练习 – 5 mins】

Find state of Ether (b.p. = 34.5 oC, m.p. = -116oC) at difference temperature

 At room temperature: r.t < b.p. => liquid

 At 50 oC: 50 oC > b.p. => gas

 At 0 oC: 0 oC < b.p. 0 oC > m.p. => liquid

【知识点② - 13 mins】

4. Diffusion

(1) Definition: high concentration -> low concentration

(2) Experiment of gas diffusion

 IG Chemistry – Chapter 1 NOTES 4

NH3(conc.) → NH3(g) HCl(conc.) → HCl(g)

heavy light

NH3(g) + HCl(g) → NH4Cl (s)

Factor: Light substance move faster

(3) Experiment of liquid diffusion

Slow diffusion in liquid <= Liquid particle move slowly <= Less space and larger attraction

【口头提问 – 5 mins】

1. Exchange position of ammonia solution and hydrochloric solution, what change of observation you can see.

2. Why does the ring form in the right side?

【总结 – 3 mins】

1. 根据 bp, mp 来判断特定温度，物质的状态。

T > b.p. => ? gas b.p > T > m.p. => ? liquid m.p. > T => ? solid

2. Diffusion

high conc. → low conc.

light matte diffuses faster

NH3(g) + HCl(g) → NH4Cl (s)

【作业 – 2 mins】

1. Edexcel IG Chemistry Chapter 1 – Q3, Q4。要求：题目翻译为中文，回答用英文。明天交。

2. 背记英文单词并默写。下次课听写。

Chapter 1 States of matter - Lesson 3

IG 化学教材 > Solubility of Solid
page 9-12 > Solubility curve
考点 掌握 solubility curve（真题中几乎从来没有考过）
难点 应用 solubility curve 来提取数据信息
时长/min 主题 材料/呈现形式/教学方法
 IG Chemistry – Chapter 1 NOTES 5

5 高频作业错题讲解；答案发送电子版；要求订正 PPT 展示
10 听写 Lesson1 & 2 的单词
5 知识点①: Solubility of Solid 板书 / 讲授法
5 课堂练习：calculation
15 知识点②: Solubility curve 板书+投影 / 练习法
1. 红笔订正上次作业错题
5 总结+作业布置
2. Chap1-Q5,Q6

【引入 – 5 mins】高频错题讲解

【听写 Lesson 1 单词 – 10 mins】

【知识点① - 10 mins】
5. The solubility of solids

(1) solution = solute + solvent (2) Saturated solution:

little much Maximum solute in solvent at T

(3) solubility: Usually, solubility increases when T increases

【课堂练习 – 5 mins】

At 25 °C, solubility of NaCl = 36g per 100g of water

How much of NaCl is needed to make a saturated solution of NaCl in 500 mL water?

【知识点② - 15 mins】6(2)开始学生先自己做，老师再讲

6. The solubility curve. (搭配投影展示教材 pdf 的 solubility curve 图，教材 page11)

(1) Plot the Graph of solubility curve: Y-solubility VS X-temperature

Step1: label x, y axis, including units

Step2: put spots correctly

Step3: make the line or curve

 IG Chemistry – Chapter 1 NOTES 6

(2) Use the solubility curve of KCl

 At 50 oC, solubility of solute = ? X = 50 oC => 作辅助线 = > Y = 40 g KCl / 100g H2O

 At 40 oC, in 50 g water, maximum mass of solute = ?

Step 1: at 40 oC, solubility = 40 g KCl / 100g H2O

Step 2: H2O = 50 g = 100g/2. => mass of KCl = 40 g / 2 = 20 g

 Cool saturated solution of KCl from 80 oC to 40oC, what will happen?

Step 1: when cooled, solution forms crystal

Step 2: How many crystal forms? 51 g – 40 g = 11 g

 a hot solution containing 45.0 g of potassium chloride in 100g of water

Cool the solution. At what T, crystal starts to form?

Step 1: Solubility of hot solution = 45 g KCl / 100g H2O

Step 2: Solubility at T = 45 g / 100g, T = 58 oC

When T < 58 oC, solution starts to form crystal

【总结 – 3 mins】

1. What is solution, saturated solution, solubility

2. solubility VS temperature

【作业 – 2mins】

1. 红笔订正上次作业错题

2. Edexcel IG Chemistry Chapter 1 – Q5, Q6。要求：题目翻译为中文，回答用英文

3. 背记英文单词并默写。下次课听写。