Name: Joycelyn P.

Sumalinog

Strand: STEM 11- SAMSON

Analysis of Oceanography Surface Current Pattern

Compiled and Arranged Summary Research Article

Ekman pumping caused by wind stress curl (Chavanne et al. 2002; Jiménez et al. 2008)
and instability of lateral shear as oceanic flow passes the island (Dong et al. 2009) are the
mechanisms for the production of eddies in the wake of islands. Positive (negative) wind stress
is produced by the wind's contact with the island.Looking downstream, curls on the right (left)
side of the island cause upward (downward) Ekman pumping in the Northern Hemisphere.
Horizontal shear and inhomogeneity in the bottom stress cause vorticity as ocean flow past an
island. so that the depending on the flow of the currents in the ocean and/or the direction of the
prevailing winds, lee sides of islands (headlands) frequently have a lot of eddy activity (Lumpkin
1998; Barton and colleagues) Calil et al. 2008; Pullen et al. 2008; Dong et al. 2009; Chavanne
et al. 2000; Almost all islands experience a combination of these two processes on lee eddy
production, and numerical models and measurements have been used to determine the relative
impact of these two forcing mechanisms. The key reason for the eddy shedding was the
topographic disruption of the oceanic flow by the island flanks, which was identified as the
trigger mechanism in the production of the Grand Canary eddies (Jiménez et al. 2008). Piedeleu
et al(2009) .'s observational study, which utilized information from a mooring at Grand Canary
Island's leeward. A sensitivity exists in the Hawaiian islands (Lumpkin 1998; Barton and
colleagues) Calil et al. 2008; Pullen et al. 2008; Dong et al. 2009; Chavanne et al. 2000; Almost
all islands experience a combination of these two processes on lee eddy production, and
numerical models and measurements have been used to determine the relative impact of these
two forcing mechanisms. The key reason for the eddy shedding was the topographic disruption
of the oceanic flow by the island flanks, which was identified as the trigger mechanism in the
production of the Grand Canary eddies (Jiménez et al. 2008). Piedeleu et al(2009) .'s
observational study, which utilized information from a mooring at Grand Canary Island's
leeward. A sensitivity exists in the Hawaiian islands any one of the islands off the market winds.

The first sign of the cyclonic eddy west of Panay appears in mid-November, roughly a
month and a half after the NE monsoon dominates the region, according to the analysis of the
wind (Fig. 8) and surface current (Fig. 10). With time, it grows stronger. the strengthened
northward PC jet replaces the initially northeasterly wind as it gradually shifts westward. Figure
11 illustrates a change in the eddy's location as the wind shifted to an easterly direction during
the waning NE monsoon (from mid-February to mid-April) in the QuikSCAT wind stress and
wind stress curl images, as well as from the measured airport wind (Fig. 12). The eddy spreads
and strengthens the current as it moves westward. The predominant flow pattern across the
HFDR area at the moment is PC jet (Fig. 11). During The eddy has a significant impact on the
PC jet and the NE monsoon, as seen in the most recent profile as determined by the moored
ADCP (Fig. 13). curved along the shore The closest HFDR data current profile (thick black line)
overlaid with alongshore surface current reveals a typically northward PC jet with notable
intensification during the NE monsoon when the cyclonic eddy is produced. The ADCP also
recorded a southern flow at the end of January when the cyclonic eddy moved near the shore
and the northeasterly winds were stronger with a more northerly component. A one-way coupled
atmosphere and ocean simulation of the Philippine region called monsoon surges captured this
northerly turn and increase of monsoon winds (Pullen et al. 2008), which are common during the
winter (Pullen et al.Chang et al. 2006; Wu and Chan 1995; et al. 2008). There is a dynamic
reaction brought on by these changes in the monsoon winds. Particularly, the local injection of
vorticity beneath episodically strengthened wind jets, where the direction of propagation is
correlated with the direction of the winds The cyclonic eddy's seasonal evolution appears to be
an oceanic reaction to the dominant local wind. Table 14 depicts the averaged mean 10-m wind
and wind stress curl during a 40-day period from mid-February to the end of March 2009 from
COAMPS forecasts provided to researchers on the PhilEx RIOP-09 voyages. It is generally
understood how the winds pick up speed near the margins of the islands of Mindoro, Panay,
and Negros and diminish there. The surface wind from Envisat Advanced Synthetic Aperture of
the European Space Agence Image captured by Aperture Radar (ASAR) [see Thompson and
Beal (2000) regarding wind extraction SAR speed estimations confirm the existence of wind jets
and wakes. Despite being a snapshot (0141 UTC March 7, 2009), the image was captured
during the NE monsoon wind regime and fits the general trends that are visible in the mean
model winds are displayed in Fig. 14 Similar to the model, the Tablas Strait between Mindoro
and Panay is where the greatest winds, at almost 10 m s 1, are found. The wind stress curl
dipoles that occur, reaching magnitudes of 106 N m3, are depicted in Figure 14 (right) for each
island. However, due to Panay Island's orientation Positive wind stress curl dominates in the lee
with regard to the NE monsoon wind, significantly altering the ocean circulation. Wind stress
curvature causes the Ekman flux to diverge and converge, which in turn fuels Ekman pumping.
A vertical velocity w derives from mass conservation, and it is Figure 16 demonstrates that the
lee of Panay Island has the highest curldriven Ekman pumping velocity over the Cuyo Shelf (Gill
1982).a zone that is upwelling. Despite the fact that the satellite wind calculation is weaker than
the modeled wind, both show the same general pattern. On the basis of the snapshots of wind
stress curl calculated from COAMPS wind data, the value of Ekman pumping velocity can reach
up to 15 m day 1. A according to the instantaneous Ekman pumping velocities divergent Ekman
transport caused by the wind, which is consistent with the mean divergence derived from the
HFDR in the island's lee during the same time period (Fig. 17, left).Surface divergence causes
the thermocline to be elevated and the water column to rise. The Panay Dome is stretched out
below. . The average profile of Figure 18 I density (middle) and temperature (top) from the
hydrographic cross-shore sections. The water column stratification is destroyed by the
noticeable dispersion of isotherms and isopycnals, which indicates a vertically mixed water
column. This increases the euphotic zone's biological production by bringing cooler, denser, and
nutrient-rich waters into the area.

The specifics of the low-frequency mesoscale flow in Panay Strait were resolved by
high-resolution observations of surface currents both in time and space. The NE monsoon
generates a cyclonic eddy, which strengthens the steady PC jet as its eastern limb, giving the
surface circulation in the strait a distinct seasonal cycle. Due to Ekman pumping without a
substantial oceanic flow through the island, it also offers the most in-depth explanation of eddy
production and evolution. The yearly. The cyclonic eddy's evolution is an oceanic reaction to the
dominant local wind. During the NE monsoon, the powerful wind jets over the Tablas Strait,
between the islands of Mindoro and Panay and a calm lee, produce a positive wind stress curl.
Based on observations and satellite-derived winds, the production and evolution of the eddy and
variability of the PC jet in the lee of Panay are significantly influenced by changes in the strength
and direction of the local wind. The Panay Dome is formed when the thermocline is raised and
the water column beneath is stretched due to the zone of positive wind stress curl. This process
also results in Ekman pumping. As a result, horizontal pressure gradients are created, which in
turn causes cyclonic eddies to form in the geostrophic balance. West of the shallow Cuyo Shelf,
the Panay Dome is a subsurface upwelling that is characterized by a vertically mixed water
column that undermines water column stratification as a result, the region's biological
productivity is increased.