‫صفحة ‪ 1‬من ‪403‬‬

‫صفحة ‪ 2‬من ‪403‬‬

 ‫املخاطر اليت تواجه‬
‫رجال اإلطفاء‬
‫أثناء مكافحة احلرائق‬
‫عقيد ‪ /‬مشسان راجح املالكي‬

‫رقم اإليداع بدار الكتب الوطنية‬

‫اليمن ‪ -‬صنعاء‬
‫(‪2022 / 2 / 6 )222‬م‬

‫‪Free Not For Sale‬‬

‫صفحة ‪ 4‬من ‪403‬‬

‫صفحة ‪ 3‬من ‪403‬‬
 ‫‪105‬‬

‫صفحة ‪ 5‬من ‪403‬‬

‫صفحة ‪ 6‬من ‪403‬‬
‫"‬ ‫"‬

‫صفحة ‪ 7‬من ‪403‬‬

‫صفحة ‪ 8‬من ‪403‬‬
‫صفحة ‪ 2‬من ‪403‬‬
‫صفحة ‪ 10‬من ‪403‬‬
‫صفحة ‪ 11‬من ‪403‬‬
BLEVE Phenomenon

Rollover Thermal Layering

Explosion Vapor Cloud Unconfined

Backdraft

Backdraft
Backdraft

Flashover
BLEVE Phenomenon

403 ‫ من‬12 ‫صفحة‬

MAYDAY

NAPA

LUNAR

CLAN LIP HELP

GRABLIVES
Buddy Breathing System Two In Two out

Personnel Accountability System

READSMOKE

AWARE

LCAAN -P.A.C.T - SMEACS

403 ‫ من‬14 ‫صفحة‬

 Rapid Ladder Escape (Head First Ladder Bail ‫ء‬

Disentanglement Maneuvers

SCBA Confidence Maze

Window Hang
Emergency Rappel Using A Personal Escape System

)Rapid Intervention Team (RIT Search & Rescue)

Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS

4 Digitals UN

Dot placard Parts

HMIS

NFPA

NFPA 704 Diamond

The 9 Classes of Dangerous Goods

Class 2 –Flammable Gases -Class 1 –Explosives

Class 4 –Flammable Solids -Class 3 –Flammable Liquids

Class 5 –Oxidizing Substances

Class 7 –Radioactive Material -Class 6 –Toxic & Infectious Substances

Class 9 –Miscellaneous Dangerous Goods - Class 8 –Corrosives

Globally Harmonized System

403 ‫ من‬13 ‫صفحة‬

 ANSI Z535

SLICE-RS RECEO-VS

403 ‫ من‬15 ‫صفحة‬

 ‫‪LACES‬‬

‫صفحة ‪ 16‬من ‪403‬‬

‫صفحة ‪ 17‬من ‪403‬‬
 ‫‪PTSS‬‬

‫صفحة ‪ 18‬من ‪403‬‬

(We Will Risk A Life To Save A Life, We Will Use Considerable Caution To Protect Savable
Property, We Will Not Risk A Life To Save What Is Already Lost.)

403 ‫ من‬12 ‫صفحة‬

Shamsan.rageh@yahoo.com
Shamsan.rageh@gmail.com
Mobile – 00967771578524

403 ‫ من‬20 ‫صفحة‬

 ‫‪.‬‬

‫‪.‬‬
‫صفحة ‪ 21‬من ‪403‬‬
‫صفحة ‪ 22‬من ‪403‬‬
‫صفحة ‪ 24‬من ‪403‬‬
‫صفحة ‪ 23‬من ‪403‬‬
 Lowest Observable Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL) -1

International Association of Fire Chiefs (IAFC) -2

Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) -3

Personal Alert Safety System (PASS) -4

Hazardous Materials (HAZMAT) -5

Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) -6

Upper Explosive Limit (UEL) -7

Lower Flammable Limit (LFL) -8

Upper Flammable Limit (UFL) -9

Globally Harmonized System (GHS) -11

Occupational Exposure Limits (OEL) -11

International Association Of Fire Fighters )IAFF) -12

Chemical Abstracts Service Number )CAS Number( -13

No Observable Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) -14

Lethal Dose, 50% / Median Lethal Dose (LD50) -15

Short-Term Exposure Limit(STEL) -16

403 ‫ من‬25 ‫صفحة‬

 Threshold Limit Value (TLV) -17

Threshold Limit Value-Time Weight Average (TLV-TWA) -18

Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) or Safety Data Sheet (SDS) -19

Time Weighted Average (TWA) -21

Slip, Trip And Fall(STF) -21

Rapid Intervention Team (RIT) -22

NOEL -23

DOT Label -24

Acceptable Operator Exposure Level )AOEL) -25

DOT Classification -26

)UN Number) United Nations Number -27

NFPA classification -28

Global Warming Potential (GWP) -29

Biological Exposure Indices )BEI) -31

Power Of Hydrogen )Ph) -31

Dangerous Goods )DG) -32

International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code )IMDG) -33

403 ‫ من‬26 ‫صفحة‬

 Not otherwise specified )N.O.S.) -34

National Occupational Health and Safety Commission )NOHSC) -35

Personal protection equipment (PPE) -36

International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) -37

Globally Harmonized System Product Identifier (GHS) -38

WHO Classification Active Ingredient And Formulated Product -39

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) -41

Health and Safety Executive )HSE) -41

American National Standards Institute )ANSI) -42

American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) -43

International Standards Organization )ISO) -44

WHMIS Symbol -45

Transportation of Dangerous Goods (TDG) -46

National Occupational Health and Safety Commission )NOHSC) -47

(HMIS) Hazardous Materials Identification System (USA) -48

Globally Harmonized System Of Classification And Labeling Of Chemicals (GHS) -49

Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health (IDLH) -51

403 ‫ من‬27 ‫صفحة‬

 No Effect Level (NEL) -51

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) -52

Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus(SCBA) -53

Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) -54

Not Available (N/A) -55

International Fire Service Training Association (IFSTA) -56

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) -57

Line Of Duty Death (LODD) -58

Musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) -59

Musculoskeletal injury (MSI) -61

National Institute Of Standards And Technology (NIST) -61

403 ‫ من‬28 ‫صفحة‬

‫صفحة ‪ 22‬من ‪403‬‬
‫صفحة ‪ 40‬من ‪403‬‬
‫صفحة ‪ 41‬من ‪403‬‬
‫صفحة ‪ 42‬من ‪403‬‬
‫صفحة ‪ 44‬من ‪403‬‬
‫صفحة ‪ 43‬من ‪403‬‬
‫صفحة ‪ 45‬من ‪403‬‬
‫‪Kpa‬‬

‫صفحة ‪ 46‬من ‪403‬‬

‫صفحة ‪ 47‬من ‪403‬‬
‫صفحة ‪ 48‬من ‪403‬‬
‫صفحة ‪ 42‬من ‪403‬‬
 ‫‪.‬‬

‫صفحة ‪ 30‬من ‪403‬‬

‫صفحة ‪ 31‬من ‪403‬‬
(10 ppm)
(35 ppm)

403 ‫ من‬32 ‫صفحة‬

Products Of Fire

Gases

Carbon Dioxide (Co2)

Steam (Water Vapor)
Carbon Particles
Carbon Monoxide (Co)

Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN)

Sulfur Dioxide
Smoke

403 ‫ من‬34 ‫صفحة‬

 Flame Light

.
Heating

403 ‫ من‬33 ‫صفحة‬

‫صفحة ‪ 35‬من ‪403‬‬
 Classification Of Gases
)Classification By Chemical Properties(

Flammable Gases

Non-Flammable Gases (

F2,C12 Reactive Gases

Argon, Helium, Neon Inert Gases

Toxic Gases
)Classification By Physical Properties(

O2, N2 Compressed Gases

LPG Liquefied Gases

Hydrogen , O2, Co2 Cryogenic Gases

Classification By Usage
Fuel Gases
, H2, O2, N2, C2H2, NH3 Industrial Gases
O2, N2O Anesthesia Medical Gases

403 ‫ من‬36 ‫صفحة‬

‫صفحة ‪ 37‬من ‪403‬‬
‫‪MEK‬‬

‫صفحة ‪ 38‬من ‪403‬‬

‫صفحة ‪ 32‬من ‪403‬‬
 PVC
1000-2000PPM

100 PPM
20-50 PPM
250 PPM 90 PPM

403 ‫ من‬50 ‫صفحة‬

‫صفحة ‪ 51‬من ‪403‬‬
‫صفحة ‪ 52‬من ‪403‬‬
‫‪.‬‬

‫صفحة ‪ 54‬من ‪403‬‬

‫صفحة ‪ 53‬من ‪403‬‬
‫صفحة ‪ 55‬من ‪403‬‬
 ‫‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬

‫صفحة ‪ 56‬من ‪403‬‬

‫‪.‬‬

‫صفحة ‪ 57‬من ‪403‬‬

‫صفحة ‪ 58‬من ‪403‬‬
Identify The Seven Clues To The Presence Of Hazardous Materials.

403 ‫ من‬52 ‫صفحة‬

‫صفحة ‪ 60‬من ‪403‬‬
‫صفحة ‪ 61‬من ‪403‬‬
‫صفحة ‪ 62‬من ‪403‬‬
 ‫‪-‬‬

‫صفحة ‪ 64‬من ‪403‬‬

‫صفحة ‪ 63‬من ‪403‬‬
‫صفحة ‪ 65‬من ‪403‬‬
 ‫‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬

‫‪.‬‬

‫‪.‬‬

‫‪.‬‬

‫صفحة ‪ 66‬من ‪403‬‬

‫صفحة ‪ 67‬من ‪403‬‬
‫صفحة ‪ 68‬من ‪403‬‬
‫صفحة ‪ 62‬من ‪403‬‬
‫صفحة ‪ 70‬من ‪403‬‬
‫صفحة ‪ 71‬من ‪403‬‬
‫صفحة ‪ 72‬من ‪403‬‬
Nitric Acid

Peroxide

Ammonium Nitrate

403 ‫ من‬74 ‫صفحة‬

Picric Acid RDX1 TNT (

RDX C5 C4 C2
Pipe Bomb Pentolite
Nitrobenzene
Nitronaphthalen

Nitrocellulose

(Double Based (Dynamites

Nitrostarch DNT Dinitrotolene Compound Powder

Nitroglycerin

403 ‫ من‬73 ‫صفحة‬

‫صفحة ‪ 75‬من ‪403‬‬
‫صفحة ‪ 76‬من ‪403‬‬
‫صفحة ‪ 77‬من ‪403‬‬
‫صفحة ‪ 78‬من ‪403‬‬
‫صفحة ‪ 72‬من ‪403‬‬
ANFO

Class 1.1 Class 1.2 Class 1.3

Class 1.4 Class 1.5 Class 1.6

403 ‫ من‬80 ‫صفحة‬

Three Ways In Which A Containers Stressed
Beyond its Design Strength May Breach

403 ‫ من‬81 ‫صفحة‬

‫صفحة ‪ 82‬من ‪403‬‬
‫صفحة ‪ 84‬من ‪403‬‬
‫صفحة ‪ 83‬من ‪403‬‬
‫صفحة ‪ 85‬من ‪403‬‬
 ‫‪.‬‬

‫صفحة ‪ 86‬من ‪403‬‬

 ‫(‪)PPE‬‬

‫صفحة ‪ 87‬من ‪403‬‬

‫صفحة ‪ 88‬من ‪403‬‬
‫صفحة ‪ 82‬من ‪403‬‬
‫صفحة ‪ 20‬من ‪403‬‬
 Ergonomics

403 ‫ من‬21 ‫صفحة‬

Musculoskeletal disorder (MSD)

Musculoskeletal injury (MSI)

403 ‫ من‬22 ‫صفحة‬

Musculoskeletal disorder (MSD)

403 ‫ من‬24 ‫صفحة‬

‫صفحة ‪ 23‬من ‪403‬‬
‫صفحة ‪ 25‬من ‪403‬‬
‫صفحة ‪ 26‬من ‪403‬‬
‫صفحة ‪ 27‬من ‪403‬‬
‫صفحة ‪ 28‬من ‪403‬‬
 ‫‪:‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬

‫صفحة ‪ 22‬من ‪403‬‬

‫صفحة ‪ 100‬من ‪403‬‬
 Heat Stress

403 ‫ من‬101 ‫صفحة‬

The Role Of Heat Stress In Contributing To Firefighter Injuries & Fatalities

403 ‫ من‬102 ‫صفحة‬

‫صفحة ‪ 104‬من ‪403‬‬
‫صفحة ‪ 103‬من ‪403‬‬
‫صفحة ‪ 105‬من ‪403‬‬
 ‫‪.‬‬

‫‪.‬‬

‫صفحة ‪ 106‬من ‪403‬‬

 .

.
. 

.
. 

.


.


.


. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

403 ‫ من‬107 ‫صفحة‬

‫صفحة ‪ 108‬من ‪403‬‬
 Backdraft

Flashover

(Boiling-Liquid
Expanding-Vapor
Explosion)
BLEVE

BLEVE
Phenomenon

403 ‫ من‬102 ‫صفحة‬

 Thermal
layering

Rollover

Unconfined
Vapor Cloud
Explosion

403 ‫ من‬110 ‫صفحة‬

Backdraft

-1

-2

-3

-4

-5

-6

-7

403 ‫ من‬111 ‫صفحة‬

Backdraft Indications

Backdraft
-1

-2

-3

-4

-5

-6

403 ‫ من‬112 ‫صفحة‬

Flashover

Flashover

-1

-2

-3

403 ‫ من‬114 ‫صفحة‬

Very FAST moving turbulent smoke ….FIRE that is reaching flashover

403 ‫ من‬113 ‫صفحة‬

 BLEVE Phenomenon

(Boiling-Liquid Expanding-Vapor Explosion) BLEVE

BLEVE

403 ‫ من‬115 ‫صفحة‬

Unconfined Vapor Cloud Explosion(UVCE)

403 ‫ من‬116 ‫صفحة‬

 Personal Protection Equipments

.A
.
.B

.C

403 ‫ من‬117 ‫صفحة‬

‫صفحة ‪ 118‬من ‪403‬‬
‫صفحة ‪ 112‬من ‪403‬‬
‫صفحة ‪ 120‬من ‪403‬‬
‫صفحة ‪ 121‬من ‪403‬‬
‫صفحة ‪ 122‬من ‪403‬‬
‫صفحة ‪ 124‬من ‪403‬‬
‫صفحة ‪ 123‬من ‪403‬‬
 ‫‪a‬‬
‫‪b‬‬
‫‪c‬‬
‫‪d‬‬

‫صفحة ‪ 125‬من ‪403‬‬

‫صفحة ‪ 126‬من ‪403‬‬
‫صفحة ‪ 127‬من ‪403‬‬
‫صفحة ‪ 128‬من ‪403‬‬
 ‫‪NFPA1971‬‬

‫صفحة ‪ 122‬من ‪403‬‬

‫صفحة ‪ 140‬من ‪403‬‬
‫صفحة ‪ 141‬من ‪403‬‬
Mayday Mayday Mayday

403 ‫ من‬142 ‫صفحة‬

Mayday,Mayday,Mayday

LUNAR
PASS

403 ‫ من‬144 ‫صفحة‬

 NAPA

Name N
Assignment A
Position P
Air A

403 ‫ من‬143 ‫صفحة‬

 LUNAR

Location L
Unit U
Name N
Assignment/Air A
Resources R

MAYDAY

403 ‫ من‬145 ‫صفحة‬

 HELP

Handle Radio Term For Name H

Equipment Assigned E
Location(Where Are You) L
Problem P
LIP

Location(Where Are You) L

Individual (name) I
Problem P

CLAN

Conditions C
Location L
Assignment Or Apparatus A
Name N

403 ‫ من‬146 ‫صفحة‬

Rescuing a Downed Firefighter Using a Drag rescue Device

403 ‫ من‬147 ‫صفحة‬

 GRABLIVES

Gauge

Radio
Activate
Breathing

Low

Illuminate
Volume
Exit
Shield Airway

403 ‫ من‬148 ‫صفحة‬

 )Two In , Two Out(
The Buddy –System

)Two Out( IDLH )Two In(

Firefighter Assist And Search Team (FAST) Or Rapid Intervention Crew (RIC)

)Two Out(
(Standing By)

Personnel Accountability System

403 ‫ من‬142 ‫صفحة‬

 Showing Smoke Read Smoke

Mayday
Fire Ground Survival

Volume Of Smoke

403 ‫ من‬130 ‫صفحة‬

 Velocity Of Smoke

Density of Smoke

Flashover

Color Of Smoke

403 ‫ من‬131 ‫صفحة‬

 )5

)Flashover-Back Draft-Smoke Explosion-Auto Ignition-Rapid Fire Spread(

Smoke Color , Fire Status , And Smoke Flammablity

LEL

403 ‫ من‬132 ‫صفحة‬

 RECEO-VS SLICE-RS
R Rescue S Size-Up
E Exposure L Locate the fire
C Identify & control
Confinement I
Flow path
E Cool compartment
Extinguishment C
from the exterior
O Overhaul E Extinguish the fire
V ventilation R Rescue
S Salvage S Salvage

Eddie Buchanan SLICE-RS acronym(

Lloyd Layman’s RECEO-VS acronym

SLICE-RS acronym – commonly referred to as “slicers” – for use by the first due company officer to
help decide if a transitional attack is appropriate. The breakdown of the acronym is; S – size-up;
L – locate the fire; I – identify and control the flow path; C – cool the compartment from the exterior;
E – extinguish the fire (generally using traditional interior firefighting tactics) with R- rescue and S –
salvage being tasks of opportunity that are accomplished as needed.

403 ‫ من‬134 ‫صفحة‬

 Incident Commander AWARE

The Acronym AWARE Uses To Help Fire Fighters Remember

AWARE
When To Disengage

Attack Progress

Water Supply

Air Supply
SCBA

Resources

Environment

403 ‫ من‬133 ‫صفحة‬

 SMEACS (Briefings) SMEACS
Situation
Mission
Execution
Administration
Command
LACES Checklist Safety

Help To Approach Acronym P.A.C.T

Priorities
Alternatives
Choose
Take

For Determining Resource Needs And Assignments

LCAAN

Location
Conditions
Actions
Air
Need

403 ‫ من‬135 ‫صفحة‬

‫صفحة ‪ 136‬من ‪403‬‬
 Mayday

MAYDAY

PASS

403 ‫ من‬137 ‫صفحة‬

 Rapid Intervention Team (RIT)
FAST

FAST RIC

Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health (IDLH)

403 ‫ من‬138 ‫صفحة‬

‫صفحة ‪ 132‬من ‪403‬‬
‫صفحة ‪ 150‬من ‪403‬‬
Self Rescue Skills

403 ‫ من‬151 ‫صفحة‬

)Mapping The Room -8

GRABLIVES

403 ‫ من‬152 ‫صفحة‬

Wall Breach With Low / Reduced Profile Maneuver

403 ‫ من‬154 ‫صفحة‬

Rapid Ladder Escape (Head First Ladder Bail)

403 ‫ من‬153 ‫صفحة‬

‫صفحة ‪ 155‬من ‪403‬‬
Emergency Hose Slide

403 ‫ من‬156 ‫صفحة‬

‫صفحة ‪ 157‬من ‪403‬‬
Disentanglement Maneuvers

403 ‫ من‬158 ‫صفحة‬

SCBA Confidence Maze

SCBA

(SCBA

403 ‫ من‬152 ‫صفحة‬

‫صفحة ‪ 160‬من ‪403‬‬
 Window Hang

403 ‫ من‬161 ‫صفحة‬

Emergency Rappel Using A Personal Escape System
Personal Escape System PES

PES

PES

NFPA 1983

403 ‫ من‬162 ‫صفحة‬

Personal Escape System Components

NFPA 1983

Escape Harness

35-50 ft of Escape Rope

Screw lock carabineers

Hook( NFPA 1983

Auto-locking Escape Device

403 ‫ من‬164 ‫صفحة‬

‫صفحة ‪ 163‬من ‪403‬‬
‫صفحة ‪ 165‬من ‪403‬‬
‫‪)FAST‬‬

‫صفحة ‪ 166‬من ‪403‬‬

 Rapid Intervention Team (RIT Search & Rescue)

Mayday

Search & Rescue

403 ‫ من‬167 ‫صفحة‬

‫صفحة ‪ 168‬من ‪403‬‬
‫صفحة ‪ 162‬من ‪403‬‬
 MSDS
Material Safety Data Sheet (Diamond Symbol)

MSDS

(OSHA- -IMDG- HMIS- NFPA)

403 ‫ من‬170 ‫صفحة‬

LD50

-14
UN NUMBER
)IMDG-DOT- ICAO-IATA/DGR)

Four Digital UN Identification Numbers

403 ‫ من‬171 ‫صفحة‬

‫‪DOT‬‬

‫صفحة ‪ 172‬من ‪403‬‬

 HMIS

NFPA Diamond
Hazardous Materials Information System

NFPA

403 ‫ من‬174 ‫صفحة‬

NFPA Diamond (NFPA704)

403 ‫ من‬173 ‫صفحة‬

Radiation W COR ALK ACID OXY

403 ‫ من‬175 ‫صفحة‬

 The 9 Classes of Dangerous Goods

TNT
Explosives

LPG
Gases

Flammable Liquids

Flammable Solids

403 ‫ من‬176 ‫صفحة‬

 Oxidizing Substances

Toxic & Infectious

Substances

Radioactive Material

Corrosives

Miscellaneous
Dangerous Goods
(Liquid surfactants)

International Air Transport Association IATA)

403 ‫ من‬177 ‫صفحة‬

(Class 1)
Class 1 -Explosives

TNT, Dynamite, Nitroglycerine 1.1

Blast Projection Hazard 1.2
Rocket Propellant Display Fireworks 1.3
Flares Fireworks safety cartridges 1.4
Blasting Agents 1.5
Extremely Insensitive Explosives 1.6

(Class 2)
Class 2 –Flammable Gases

LPG, LNG, Hydrogen, Acetylene, Propane 2.1

Carbon Dioxide, Helium, Compressed Neon 2.2
Cyanide, Diphosgene, Hydrocyanic Acid 2.3

403 ‫ من‬178 ‫صفحة‬

 (Class 3)
Class 3 –Flammable Liquids

Gasoline, Methyl Ethyl Ketone

(Class 4)
Class 4 –Flammable Solids

Phosphorus Heptasulfide, Paraformaldehyde 4.1

Aluminum And Magnesium Alkyls, Charcoal 4.2
Calcium Carbide, Potassium Lithium 4.3

(Class 5)
Class 5 –Oxidizing Substances

Chromium Nitrate; Copper Chlorate; Calcium 5.1

Liquid Organic Peroxide Type B 5.2

403 ‫ من‬172 ‫صفحة‬

(Class 6)
Class 6 –Toxic & Infectious Substances

(Poison)Aniline, Arsenic, Liquid Tetraethyl Lead 6.1

(PG III) Chloroform, Alkaloid Solids
(Inhalation) Nerve Agents, Cyanide
(Anthrax, Hepatitis B Virus,) Infectious Substance 6.2
Biohazard
Used Needles/Syringes, Human Blood Or Blood Products,
Human Tissue Or Anatomical Waste, Carcasses Of Animals
Intentionally Infected With Human Pathogens For Medical
Research

(Class 7)
Class 7 –Radioactive Material
Uranium

III
II
I

403 ‫ من‬180 ‫صفحة‬

 (Class 8)
Class 8 –Corrosives
Battery Fluid

(Class 9)
Class 9 –Miscellaneous Dangerous Goods
Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB)

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Globally Harmonized System

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Flammability Limit

(Flammability Range)

Lower Flammable Limit(LFL)

Upper Flammable Limit (UFL)
Explosive Limits

Lower Explosive Limit (LEL)

Upper Explosive Limit (UEL)

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American National Standard For Safety Colors (ANSI Z535)

ANSI Z535.1

ANSI Z535.2

ANSI Z535.3

ANSI Z535.4

ANSI Z535.5

ANSI Z535.6

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 RECEO-VS
R Rescue
E Exposure
C Confinement
E Extinguishment
O Overhaul
V ventilation
S Salvage

Lloyd Layman’s Strategies R-E-C-E-O-VS

( Rescue - Exposures-Confinement- Extinguishment- Overhaul- Ventilation-Salvage)

SLICE-RS

S Size-Up
L Locate the fire
Identify & control
I
Flow path
Cool compartment
C
from the exterior
E Extinguish the fire
R Rescue
S Salvage

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NIST UL Firefighter Safety Institute

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Emergency Incident Response Phases

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Fire Fighting Stream Tactics
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 Three Modes In Fire Tactics

Offensive)
Defensive
(Transitional

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Risk Assessment

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 Risk Transfer

Risk Acceptance

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 Risk Treatment

Risk Termination

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Firefighter Hazard Analysis

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 -
-
-

-
-
-

FEMA NFPA

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 ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪-‬‬

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 Buddy system

Mayday Mayday

Risk Assessment Acronym LACES

Lookouts
Awareness
Communications
Escapes
Safety

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 ‫( ‪)9‬‬

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 Scba

scba

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 Recommendations for Fire Departments

CDC NIOSH

PPE

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 NFPA

NFPA 1584 NFPA 1403

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 backdraft Flashover

NFPA

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 National Fallen Firefighters Foundation (NFFF)

The National Fallen Firefighters Foundation’s Everyone Goes Home Program

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Firefighter Rehabilitation

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‫‪.‬‬

‫صفحة ‪ 264‬من ‪403‬‬

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(

. suicide ideation
suicide attempt
.
. suicide
nonsuicidal self-injury

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 ‫‪.‬‬

‫(‬ ‫)‬
‫(‬ ‫)‬
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‫‪.‬‬
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‫‪.‬‬

‫صفحة ‪ 265‬من ‪403‬‬

 Interpersonal Theory of Suicide

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

APA

NVFC

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Signs of PTSD and Comorbidity

NICE

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 APA
DSM-III

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Suicide in the Fire Service

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Annual Suicide Rate In The U.S. Fire Service

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PTSS
SI

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‫‪PTSS‬‬

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CISD
SFA PFA

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Occupational Stressors

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SFA PFA

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‫صفحة ‪ 277‬من ‪403‬‬
‫‪C‬‬

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 English References

No Book By
International Association Of Fire
1 Fire Ground Survival
Fighters
Firefighter Life Safety Research
Firefighter Fatalities And Injuries Center, Illinois Fire Service Institute
2
(The Role of Heat Stress And PPE) University Of Illinois At Urbana-
Champaign
Office Of The Fire Commissioner,
3 Hazard Analysis And Risk Assessment
Manitoba, Canada
Essentials Of Fire Firefighting International Fire Service Training
4
Firefighter Personal Protective Equipment Association (IFSTA)
Effect of SCBA Design and Firefighting
Illinois Fire Service Institute
5 Induced Fatigue on Balance, Gait and
(IFSI Research)
Safety of Movement
The Flashover Phenomenon CORPORATE HEADQUARTERS
6 Understanding The Nature Of Flashover Drägerwerk AG & Co. KGaA
And Recognizing Its Warning Signs Germany
Fire Fighter I- California Department Of Forestry And
7
Instructor Guide Fire Protection
NFPA 1971 Standard on Protective
8 Ensembles for Structural Fire Fighting NFPA
and Proximity Fire Fighting
A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of
Post Use Analysis of Firefighter Turnout
9 the Requirements for the degree of Master
Gear- Phase III By Meredith Laine Cinnamon
NFPA 1851 Standard on Selection,
Care, and Maintenance of Protective
10 NFPA
Ensembles for Structural Fire Fighting
and Proximity fire fighting
Edited by
Firefighters’ Clothing and Equipment
11 Guowen Song
Performance, Protection, and Comfort
Faming Wang
Electrical Safety Handbook For Electrical safety Authority
12 Public service Health & Safety association
Emergency Responders Hydro One Networks Inc
13 70e Electrical Safety Training New Mexico Military Institute
Preparation Of Safety Data Sheets For
14 Safe Work Australia
Hazardous Chemicals
15 Fire Fighter Cancer Study NIOSH
Washington Industrial Safety and
16 Safety Standards For Firefighters
Health Act
17 Firefighters: Feeling The Heat European Trade Union Institute
Operational Guidance Incidents Involving
18 The Chief Fire and Rescue Adviser
Hazardous Materials
Certification Curriculum Manual Fire
19 Texas Commission On Fire Protection
Investigator

403 ‫ من‬281 ‫صفحة‬

 Healthy In , Healthy Out
20 (Best Practices for Reducing Fire Fighter
Risk of Exposures to Carcinogens)
Movement Analysis of Firefighters using
21
Gaming and Simulation Technology
22 Fire Behavior & Extinguishment Theory
Essentials of Fire Fighting 6th Edition
23 Chapter 23 Hazards, Behavior, and
Identification of Haz Mat/WMD
Emergency Services Ergonomics &
24
Wellness
Practical Fire Safety Guidance For Places
25
Of Entertainment And Assembly
Essentials of Fire Fighting 6thEdition
26 Chapter 24 - Mitigating Haz Mat/WMD
Incidents
Dynamic Risk Management In Fire &
Rescue Emergency Operations
27 Thesis Of The Degree Of Master Of
Paramedical Science By Research
28 Strategy & Tactics
Hazardous Materials For First Responders
29 4th Edition
30 Personal Protective Equipment
207-Hazardous-Materials-Operations
31 Level-Responder Training
Certification Curriculum Manual Chapter
32 Six Hazardous Materials NFPA 1072
33 Hazardous Materials Curriculum Policy
NFPA 1072 Standard for Hazardous
Materials Weapons of Mass Destruction
34 Emergency Response Personnel
Professional Qualifications
NFPA 472 Hazardous Materials
35 Awareness/Operations
Guidelines For Haz Mat/WMD Response,
36 Planning And Prevention Training
Fire Protection Technology Certification
37 Guide - Hazardous Materials Operations
Fire Fighter Certification Training
38 Standards Guide (2019)
Cardio respiratory Fitness Is Associated
39 with Gait Changes among Firefighters
after a Live Burn Training Evolution
403 ‫ من‬282 ‫صفحة‬
Washington State Council of Fire
Fighters
Tara Kajaks & Dr. Joy MacDermid
(McMaster University)
Verdugo Fire Academy
International Fire Service Training
Association (IFSTA)
U.S. Fire Administration (USFA)
Scottish Government’s Police and
Community Safety Directorate
International Fire Service Training
Association (IFSTA)
Edith Cowan University
Greg Penney
Battalion Chiefs Paul McNeel & John
Tippett Montgomery County Fire
Rescue Training Academy
International Fire Service Training
Association (IFSTA)
U.S. Department of Labor
Occupational Safety and Health
Administration OSHA
Department Of Fire Services
Massachusetts Firefighting Academy
Texas Commission on Fire Protection
Pennsylvania State Fire Academy
National Fire Protection Association
(NFPA)
Connecticut Fire Academy - Recruit
Program
Federal Emergency Management
Agency U.S. Fire Administration
Portland Community College, Fire
Protection Technology (FPT) Program
California State Fire
Deanna Colburn , Joe Suyama , Steven
E. Reis , David Hostler Department Of
Rehabilitation Sciences, University At
Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA

40 Second Revision No. 34-NFPA 470-2020
The Adverse Impact Of Personal
41 Protective Equipment On Firefighters’
Cognitive Functioning
The Influence Of Protective Equipment
42 On Human Movements And Overloading
Exposure to work-related physical and
43 psychological load in career firefighters at
three timepoints over one year
Best Practices for Emergency Vehicle and
44 Roadway Operations Safety in the
Emergency Services
Official Skill Sheets for Practical Skills
45 Ontario, Canada
A Review Of Gaps And Limitations In Test
46 Methods For First Responder Protective
Clothing And Equipment
Fire And Rescue Service - Operational
47 Guidance Aircraft Incidents
Chapter 5 Firefighter Personal Protective
48 Equipment
Fire Service Features of Buildings and Fire
49 Protection Systems
Hazardous Materials - Recognition And
50 Identification - chapter 25
Recognizing & Identifying the Hazards
51 Chapter 3
52 Tactical Firefighting
The Cal/OSHA Hazard Communication
53 Regulation- A Guide For Employers That
Use Hazardous Chemicals
Seat And Seatbelt Accommodation In Fire
54 Apparatus: Anthropometric Aspects
Chapter 4 Analyzing the Incident:
55 Identifying Potential Hazards
The Current Knowledge & Training
56 Regarding Backdraft, Flashover, and
Other Rapid Fire Progression Phenomena
57 Fire Service Training Manual
58 BFP Operational Procedures Manual
Fire and Rescue Service Operational
59 Guidance -Fighting fires in buildings
403 ‫ من‬284 ‫صفحة‬
National Fire Protection Association
(NFPA)
Juyeon Park-Associate Professor,
Dept. of Design and
Merchandising,Colorado State
University, USA
Vujica Herzog, N. & Buchmeister, B.
Sara T. Sayed - A thesis presented to
Lakehead University in partial
fulfillment of the thesis requirement
for the degree of Master of Science in
Kinesiology -Canada
International Association of Fire
Fighters,AFL-CIO, CLC
Ontario Office Of The Fire Marshal
And Emergency Management
Dr. Roger L. Barker
Communities and Local Government -
The Chief Fire and Rescue Adviser
NFPA 1001, Standard for Fire Fighter
Professional Qualifications, 2019
OSHA
Christopher Hawley, Baltimore
County Fire Department
Connecticut Fire Academy
P. Grimwood - K. Desmet
Department of Industrial Relations
Division of Occupational Safety and
Health
Hongwei Hsiao , Jennifer Whitestone ,
Michael Wilbur , J. Roger Lackore ,J.
Gordon Routley
IFSTA
Gregory E. Gorbett, CFPS, MIFireE
Professor Ronald Hopkins, MS, CFPS
Division Of Vocational Education
State Department Of Education
Columbus, Ohio
Bureau Of Fire Protection
The Chief Fire and Rescue Adviser
 Fire Service Performance Measures – By National Fire Protection Association ,
60 Jennifer D. Flynn Fire Analysis and Research Division
Occupational Safety And Health
Firefighting Precautions At Facilities With
61 Combustible Dust
Administration U.S. Department Of
Labor
Occupational Risks and Hazards By Laura Walker -Montana Tech Of
62 Associated with Firefighting The University Of Montana
Occupational Health Effects For
63 Firefighters The Extent And Implications Beth Cook And William Mitchell
Of Physical And Psychological Injuries
Department of Forestry and Fire
64 Fighter 1 Skill Sheets Protection Office of State Fire
Marshal, State Fire Training

The Connecticut Fire Academy

65 Chapter 6 Fire Behavior
Recruit Firefighter Program

66 Health Hazards in Construction Workbook Construction Safety Council

67 All-Hazards Risk Assessment Tacoma Fire Department
By Derek Alkonis ,Sean Gray,Todd
68 20 Tactical Considerations
Harms & Peter Van Dorp
69 Fire Training Manual Volume 1 WhiteHall Volunteer Fire Company
California Department Of Forestry
70 Fire Fighter I Instructor Guide
And Fire Protection
Cardiovascular & Chemical Exposure Gavin P. Horn, Steve Kerber, Kenneth
71 Risks in Modern Firefighting W. Fent, Bo Fernhall, Denise L. Smith
A Preparedness Guide for Firefighters and NWCG Risk Management Committee
72 Their Families (RMC)
Fire Department Of New York
73 Reduce Your Risk
(FDNY)
Department of Homeland Security
Special Report: Trends and Hazards in
74 Firefighter Training
United States Fire Administration
National Fire Data Center
Summary Of Recommendations And Boston Fire Department Health And
75 Best Practices Safety Program Review
76 Fire Science And Ventilation New Zealand Fire Service
Guidance For Improving Health & Safety The Ontario Fire Service Health and
77 In The Fire Service Safety Advisory Committee
G.B.Menon Fire Adviser, Govt. of
78 Handbook on Building Fire Code
India
The Fire Service Joint Labor Management International Association of Fire
79 Wellness-Fitness Initiative 4th Edition Fighters
South King County Fire Training
80 Firefighter Fundamentals
Consortium
Utah Fire Service Certification System Certification Standard - Utah Fire
81 FIREFIGHTER I & II Service Certification Council
82 Task Manual Clay Fire Territory
83 Entry Level Fire Training Pennsylvania State Fire Academy

403 ‫ من‬283 ‫صفحة‬

84 Personal Safety System Training Westbury Fire Department
Firefighter Life Safety Initiatives How
85 Can We Make it Better
Matthew Thorpe

NIOSH Pocket Guide To Chemical National Institute for Occupational

86 Hazards Safety and Health
Arkansas Department Emergency
87 Hazardous Materials Awareness
Management
International Association of Fire
88 Chapter 17 Fire Attack (Fire Officer I)
Chiefs (IAFC)
Strategy And Tactics For Initial Department of Homeland Security
89 Company Operations United States Fire Administration
90 Safe Driving Principles MCFRS Driver Certification Program
The National Fallen Firefighters
91 16 Firefighter Life Safety Initiatives
Foundation
Framework For The Competence Of
Civil Aviation Authority Aviation
92 Rescue And Fire Fighting Service (RFFS)
House, Gatwick Airport South,
Personnel
Airport Services Manual Part 1 Rescue International Civil Aviation
93 And Fire Fighting Organization
International Association of Fire
A Fire Department's Guide To Chiefs - Understanding and using
94 Implementing NFPA 1582 NFPA 1582 and the IAFF/IAFC
Wellness Fitness Initiative NFPA 1582
95 Incident Response Pocket Guide National Wildfire Coordinating Group
Kiwon Park , Karl S. Rosengren ,
Assessing Gait Changes In Firefighters
96 Due To Fatigue And Protective Clothing
Gavin P. Horn a,, Denise L. Smith ,
Elizabeth T. Hsiao-Wecksler
Fire and Emergency Service Personnel
97 Knowledge and Skills Proficiency
Fire Protection Research Foundation

The Second Firefighter Life Safety Chief Ronald J. Siarnicki ,

98 Summit Metropolitan Fire Chiefs
The National Fire Fighter Near-Miss
99 Saving Lives through Lessons Learned
Reporting System
International Fire Service Training
100 Chapter 2- Firefighter Safety and Health
Association (IFSTA)
International Civil Aviation
101 www.icao.int
Organization
102 www.nfpa.org National Fire Protection Association
103 www.ifsta.org (IFSTA)
104 www.faa.gov Federal Aviation Administration FAA
Occupational Safety & Health
105 www.osha.gov
Administration
106 http://www.cdc.gov Center For Disease Control
107 The 16th Initiative Chief Daniel L. Gaumont
Rules Of The Fire Department Of The Fire Department City Of New
108 City Of New York York

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 TAMPA2: Carrying the Safety Message The National Fallen Firefighters
109 Into the Future Foundation
A Airport Fire Fighter Professional
110 Qualifications 2019 Guide to National Fire Protection Association
Certification
Issues of Depression and Suicide in the The National Fallen Firefighters
111 Fire Service Foundation
112 Cancer Prevention Action Plan San Diego Fire & Rescue Department
113 www.fireHero.org www.fireHero.org
114 www.everyonegoeshome.com www.everyonegoeshome.com
115 http://lifesafetyinitiatives.com http://lifesafetyinitiatives.com
Federal Emergency Managements
Fire And Emergency Medical Services
116 Agency – United State Fire
Ergonomics
Administration
117 Dangerous Goods Labels ,Signs & Banners Silver Back Cargo Care
Suicide Prevention For Sweetwater James K. Wamsley
118 County Fire District (Sweetwater County Fire District)
Alcohol & Suicide Risk Among
119 Firefighters
Austin J. Melanie A. Schmitt, M.S

Fire Chief Steve Heitman, MA, EFO,

120 Firefighters: Stress, PTSI & Suicide
CFO Mercer Island Fire Department
NIOSH Fire Fighter Fatality
121 Flashover Simulator safety guidelines
Investigation and Prevention Program
The Effects Of Military Service
By Anna Gai. Florida State University
122 Experience On Psychiatric Symptoms
College Of Arts And Sciences
Among U.S. Firefighters
The 2020 Emergency Response
123 Guidebook (ERG2020)
U.S. Department of Transportation

Joseph W. Boffa, Ian H. Stanley,

Melanie A. Hom, Aaron M. Norr,
PTSD Symptoms And Suicidal Thoughts
124 And Behaviors Among Firefighters
Thomas E. Joiner,Norman B. Schmidt
Department of Psychology, Florida
State University
National Safety Culture Change Initiative, Developed by the International
Study of Behavioral Motivation on Association of Fire Chiefs through a
125 Reduction of Risk-Taking Behaviors in partnership with the U.S. Fire
the Fire and Emergency Service Administration
Arson Fire Kills Three Fire Fighters and
NIOSH Fire Fighter Fatality
126 Injures Four Fire Fighters Following a
Investigation and Prevention Program
Floor Collapse in a Row House Delaware
A Preparedness Guide for Firefighters and
127 Their Families
National Wildfire Coordinating Group

Department Of Health And Human

Services
Preventing Deaths and Injuries of Fire Centers For Disease Control And
128 Fighters During Training Exercises Prevention
National Institute For Occupational
Safety And Health

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 National Fire Protection Association
129 Firefighter Injuries on the Fireground
Research
Fire Research & Development Group
130 Accidents To Firefighter
D C Lillicrap M D Marriott
Fundamental Of Firefighter Skills
131 And Hazardous Material Response
New Jersey Fire Service

Confronting Suicide in the Fire Service The National Fallen Firefighters

132 Strategies for Intervention & Prevention
133 Firefighter Survival
An Examination Of The Interpersonal-
Psychological Theory Of Suicide Among
134 Urban Firefighters: Associations With
Posttraumatic Stress And Distress
Tolerance
How To Use The Hazardous Materials
135 Regulations CFR 49 Parts 100 To 185
U.S. Department of Transportation
Foundation (NFFF)
By Tyler Shook
By Brooke Ashley Bartlett
In Partial Fulfillment Of The
Requirements For The Degree Of
Doctor Of Philosophy In Clinical
Psychology

Suicide In The Fire Service: Saving The

By Steven C. Heitman Fire Chief,
Lives Of Firefighters - Submitted In
Mercer Island Fire Department,
136 Partial Fulfillment Of The Requirements
Washington
For The Degree Of Master Of Arts In
B.S., Grand Canyon University
Security Studies
Career Fire Fighter Dies In Heavy Smoke
NIOSH Fire Fighter Fatality
137 On Second Floor Of a Residential
Investigation and Prevention Program
Structure - Texas
U.S. Department of Homeland
Security - Federal Emergency
Firefighter Fatalities in the United States
138 In 2017 (September 2018)
Management Agency - U.S. Fire
Administration - and The National
Fallen Firefighters Foundation
Toward An Understanding Of Suicidal
In Partial Fulfillment Of The
Ideation Among Career Firefighters
Requirements Of The Degree Of
139 A Dissertation Submitted To The Faculty
Doctor Of Philosophy In Nursing
At The Bouve College Of Health
Elizabeth Henderson
Sciences, School Of Nursing
International Association of
140 https://www.iaff.org
Firefighters
Federal Emergency Management
141 https://www.fema.gov
Agency
International Association of Fire
142 https://www.iafc.org
Chiefs (IAFC)
Disaster Technical Assistance Center
Supplemental Research Bulletin First Substance Abuse and Mental Health
143 Responders: Behavioral Health Concerns, Services Administration
Emergency Response, and Trauma
Volume I Fire Hazard Response & Municipal Corporation Of Greater
144 Mitigation Plan Mumbai Fire Brigade
Stefan Särdqvist - Department Of Fire
An Engineering Approach To Fire-
145 Fighting Tactics
Safety Engineering - Lund Institute Of
Technology - Lund University

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146 Codes Of Practice - Firefighters
Firefighting And Emergency Operations
147 Manual - Engine Company Operations
148 Candidate Physical Ability Test
Basic Fire Fighter - Training Program
149 (Skills Development & Maintenance)
Fire Ground Search & Rescue In Today's
150 Fire Environment
151 Basic Tactics And Strategy
Firefighter Rehab: An Introduction To
152 NFPA 1584 Rehabilitation-Practices And
Medical Monitoring
Tactical Guidelines For Offensive Fire
153 Attack & Company Operations
154 Hazardous Materials – Awareness 2019
Statewide Incident Rehabilitation
155 Guidelines For Emergency Responders
156 50 Ways Firefighters Live
Incident Command System
Structure Fire Operations
157 Firefighting Resources Of California
Organized For Potential Emergencies
158 Tactical Command - Participant Guide
Top 20 Tactical Considerations from
159 Firefighter Research
160 Interior Firefighting
Euro Firefighter 2 - Firefighting Tactics
161 and Fire Engineer’s Handbook
162 Tactical Command - Participant Guide
Fire Service Manual - Volume 2 Fire
Service Operations
163 Compartment Fires and Tactical
Ventilation
164 Caring for Firefighters Operations Rehab
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The Workers’ Safety And
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Fire And Rescue Departments Of
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International Association Of Fire
Fighters - The Fire Service
Joint Labor Management
Wellness-Fitness Initiative
First Nation Emergency Service -Fire
Services Department
Los Angeles County
Fire Department
Illinois Fire Service Institute
University Of Illinois At Urbana-
Champaign
Instructors: Robert Bob, Hoff ,Richie
Stack ,Lew Lake ,Josh Bird
International Association Of Fire
Chiefs (IAFC)
North King County Training
Consortium (NKCTC)
Arkansas Department Emergency
Management
Developed Jointly by The NJ County
OEM EMS Coordinators ,
The NJ EMS Task Force
And the NJ Division of Fire Safety
By Vincent Dunn, Deputy Chief,
FDNY
FIRESCOPE California
Queensland Fire & Rescue Service
Steve Kerber, PE Director UL
Firefighter Safety Research Institute
K.Desmet, P.Grimwood,
B. lussenheide
Paul Grimwood PhD, FIFireE (Kent
Fire and Rescue Service)
Queensland Fire & Rescue Service
HM Fire Service Inspectorate
Publications Section
Ashland Community Emergency
Response Team
 Mike McEvoy, PhD, EMS Coordinator
Saratoga County, NY
Fire EMS Editor – Fire Engineering
165 Secrets of NFPA 1584 Compliant Rehab
magazine -Clinical Associate
Professor – Critical Care Medicine –
Albany Medical College
166 Guide To Providing Rehab Fire Corps
Dynamic Risk Management In Fire And Greg Penney - Edith Cowan
167 Rescue Emergency Operations University
House Of Representatives Select
A Nation Charred: Report On The Inquiry
168 Into Bushfires
Committee Into The Recent Australian
Bushfires

Pennsylvania – Office Of The State

169 Fire Dynamics Terminology
Fire Commissioner

Impact Of Fire Attack Utilizing Interior Craig Weinschenk , Keith Stakes

And Exterior Streams Robin Zevotek
170 On Firefighter Safety And Occupant UL Firefighter Safety Research
Survival: Water Mapping Institute Columbia
Revised Structural Fire Tactical Goals
171 SLICE-RS
Eddie Buchanan

Department Of Fire Services -

172 Rapid Intervention Training
Massachusetts Firefighter Academy
Rapid Intervention (RIC) & SDFD Drill Manual
173 Accountability (City San Diego Fire –Rescue)
174 Disaster Management & Emergency Response Sunil Kapoor DGM(HSE)
Ing. Francesco GERI Presidenza del
Scenarios and evaluation of the effects of
Consiglio dei Ministri
175 explosive mixtures Prevention and
National department of Civil
protection methods
protection
American National Standard Safety American National Standards Institute,
176 Colors Inc.

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 Bruno Papaleo

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Dr. Hamsa Munam, Dr. Sarah Salman & Dr. Nawar Jamal

https://ar.wikipedia.org

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