NAV

The VOR system providesBearing information from the difference between two phases
transmitted by a ground station.
• Aircraft angular position which respect to a selected course.
• TO/FROM position with respect to a selected course.
• A Morse signal which identifies the station.

The VOR system is a medium range radio navigation aid.

The VOR Frequency is: 108.00 -117.95 MHz

Radio Magnetic Indicator

This instrument is a compass repeater, fitted with two VOR pointers, one for each VOR
system installed Display always shows the direction toward the tuned VOR ground
stationn.

Pilot may select any desired VOR course at the

shown course selector or MCDU

What is qdm an qdr ?

The arrow shows ―to‖ (0DM) or ―from‖ (QDR) the VOR station

Deviation Bar shows that Each dot represents a lateral deviation of 5°again st the selected
course.

VOR Bearing pointer at the Radio Magnetic Indicator showsdirection toward the tuned VOR
ground station

Pilot may select any desired VOR course at the shown course selector or MCDU

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Explain situation

1. The aircraft is on the selected course. Deviation bar centred.

2. The aircraft is 10° left of selected course. Deviation bar is 2 dots right.

3. The aircraft is 5° right of selected course and the heading is not equal the selected course.
Deviation bar is 1 dot left; course pointer shows

the course error.

4. The aircraft has over flown the VOR Tx with a Wind Correction Angle. The

and shows (FROM). The course error is shown.

TO/FROM pointer moved to the other end of the deviation bar

4. Explain Adf
historic short and medium range radio navigation aid
 receives and interprets the signals provided by a non directional andbroadcasting ground
station

5. Frequency ADF
(LF and ME) 190 -1750 KHz

6. Relative Bearing Indicator (RBI) used for

The arrowhead of the pointer indicates toward a NDB The angle between the aircraft
longitudinal axis and a tuned radio station is called relative bearing. The absolute bearing
from the aircraft position toward a NDB (named QDM) must be calculated by the pilot.

7. Instrument Landing System ( ) used

aircraft to follow an optimum descent. The descent axis is determined by the intersection of
a localizer beam and a glideslope beam

8. The Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) provides

digital read-out of the aircraft slant range distance from a selected ground station.
The system generates interrogation pulses from an onboard interrogator and sends
them to a selected ground station. The ground station replies. The interrogator
determines the distance in Nautical Mile (NM) between the station and the aircraft.
The interrogator detects the Morse audio signal which identifies the ground station

9. The dme interrogation and the reply frequencies are

1025 to 1150 MHz for the interrogator transmitter
• 962 to 1213 MHz for the ground station transmitter.

10. Area navigation (RNAV) is a

navigation and guidance system which uses VOR bearing, DME slant ranging, and
barometric altitude as its basic signal inputs to compute course and distance to a
waypoint

11. Star and sid stands for

Standard Instrument Departures (SID)and Standard Arrival Routes (STAR) when
traffic control gives these procedures.

12. The accelerometer is

basically a pendulous device. When the aircraft accelerates, the pendulum, due to
inertia, swings off its null position.
A signal pickoff device tells how far the pendulum is off the null position. The signal
from the pickoff device is sent to an amplifier, and current from the amplifier is sent
back into the accelerometer to the torquer motor. The torguer motor will restore the
pendulum back to its null position

13. Inertial navigation depends

on the integration of acceleration to obtain velocity and distance. In any integration
process one must know the initial conditions, which in this case are velocity and
position

14. gyro used for in ins

To keep the accelerometer level, it is mounted on a gimbal assembly

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