mxatvari q.

maRalaSvili
 38 weli gavida mas Semdeg, rac Sewyda didi qa-
rTveli mwerlis akademikos konstantine gamsaxurdias
guliscema. magram avtoris sicocxles agrZeleben
misi wignebi, personaJebi da ideebi. isini iwvevdnen
vnebaTa Relvas, polemikas, azrTa Sejaxebas, iZleod-
nen swrafvisa da moqmedebis stimuls, amkvidrebdnen
erovnul da esTetikur idealebs, nergavdnen momav-
lis rwmenas.

***
mebrZoli Taoba da Semoqmedi pirovneba amqveynad
modian ganaxlebis parolebiT, ocnebis nisleuliT,
TiTqos manamde arc aravin yofila.
aseTi xmauri male Caivlis xolme da mxolod Ti-
To-orola saxeli Tu SerCeba eris mexsierebas. magram
sxva iyo XX saukunis dasawyisi, rRvevis Jami, roca
nacionalurma aRmavlobam erTbaSad feri ucvala si-
tyvasa da azrovnebas.
radganac mravalni arian wodebul da mciredni
rCeul, gangebam gansakuTrebuli misi daakisra or
pirovnebas _ galaktion tabiZesa da konstantine gam-
saxurdias. maT icxovres uCveulod koSmarul droSi,
rac sulTan SejaxebiT, gulis, gonebisa da nervebis
gavliT xelovnebad gardaisaxa.
Tu galaktion tabiZe ar yofila ideologi da
Teoretikosi, konstantine gamsaxurdiam gaiazra sity-
vis misteria da saqarTvelos tanjuli bedi.
3
 axali drois nervul pulsacias adreve grZnobdnen
grigol robaqiZe da `cisferyanwelebi~. maTgan gansx-
vavebiT konstantine gamsaxurdiam uarhyo wminda es-
Tetoba da abjarasxmul spasalarad mogvevlina, raTa
sityva laSqars gasZRoloda dacemuli samSoblos
aRsadgenad.
am didi Semoqmedis sulSi ori sawyisi ebrZoda da
erwymoda erTmaneTs, romelTac SeiZleba ewodos ro-
gorc aRmosavluri da dasavluri, ise apolonuri da
dionisuri. atarebda xan kavkasiur Coxa-axaluxs, xan
evropul kostums, xan cilindrsa da xeljoxs, xan _
boxoxsa da xanjals. uyvarda rogorc cxeni, ise avto-
manqana, rogorc Tanamedrove teqnika, ise Zveli xu-
roTmoZRvreba. xan aRmafrena ewveoda, xanac _ depre-
sia. iyo urCi da morCili, gulRia da gulCaxveuli.
magram zomierebis dacvas mudam cdilobda.
hqonda Zlieri, uCveulo nebisyofa. SeeZlo
depresiis daZleva, rac dramatuli cxovrebis vrcel
manZilze xSirad ewveoda. TviTmkvlelobaze fiqric
guls uxravda xolme. magram sasowarmkveT wuTebSi
Tavs sZlevda da mxneobas inarCunebda.
Sveloda Zlieri, gansakuTrebuli pirovnebis
kulti, maradiuli, zekacuri idealebisaken swraf-
va, cxovrebis warmavlobis Semecneba da sulis Zal-
mosilebis gancda, sakuTari personis gamiTeba.
igi azrovnebiT, cxovrebis wesiT namdvili xe-
lovanis tipi iyo. magram undoda TanamedroveTa
TvalSi hqonoda ara keTili mwerlis, aramed _ demon-
uri pirovnebis imiji.

4
 ***
konstantine gamsaxurdia daibada 1891 wlis 15
maiss sofel Zvel abaSaSi.
igi iyo aznaur simon gamsaxurdias bolo _ mecxre
Svili
mama adre gardaecvala. gazarda dedam _ elisabed
TofuriZem.
mwerlis winaprebi samegrelodan gauZevebia odi-
Sis mTavar levan dadians XVII saukunis 30-ian wlebSi _
WyondidelTan konfliqtis gamo.
isini gadasulan qarTlSi, sadac erTi maTgani _
pavle _ tfilisis mitropoliti gamxdara.
igi vaxtang meeqvses gahyva emigraciaSi da moskov-
Si aResrula.
pavle tfilels odiSis mTavarma giorgi lipar-
tianma 1703 wels uboZa sigeli, romlis ZaliTac mit-
ropolitis Zmiswuli giorgi daemkvidra winaparTa
mxareSi, Zvel abaSaSi da mieca ymebi.
gamsaxurdiebi saeklesio aznaurebi unda yofili-
yvnen, rac gvaris etimologiidanac Cans.
konstantine gamsaxurdia jer swavlobda soflis
samrevlo skolaSi, Semdeg _ Zveli senakis dawyebiT
saaznauro skolaSi, xolo 1904 wels gaxda quTaisis
saTavad-aznauro gimnaziis moswavle, romelic daam-
Tavra 1912 wels.
konstantines nawerebi presis furclebze Cnde-
ba 1909 wlidan (gazeTi `foni~). amave dros igi xdeba
socialist-federalisturi partiis wevri, ris gamoc
axal­gazrda mwerali partiis liderebis yuradRebis

5
areSi moeqca. aman sasikeTod warmarTa mwerlis
cxovreba _ kita abaSiZis iniciativiT dauniSnes ilia
WavWavaZis saxelobis stipendia.
sxvadasxva dros _ 1912 wlidan 1923 wlamde _ swav-
lobda peterburgis, laipcigis, moskovis, miunxenis,
berlinis, sorbonis universitetebSi, swavlobda en-
ebs, literaturas, istorias, filosofias, agrZeleb-
da poetur Semoqmedebas, scemda Jurnal `promeTes~
(1918 w.), aqtiurad monawileobda politikur cxovre-
baSi, rogorc socialist-federalistebis partiis
wevri, romlidanac gavida 1918 wels.
1914 wels miunxenSi daapatimres pirvel meuRles-
Tan _ rebeka vaSaZesTan erTad, rogorc ruseTis mo-
qalaqe da eqvsi Tve amyofes traunStainis tyveTa
banakSi, Tumca germania iyo misTvis „meore samSoblo“,
„evropis inteleqtualuri diriJori“, „maradiul
RmerTTan morkine iakobi“.
1916_1917 wels vaimarsa da berlinSi gamosca ori
politikuri xasiaTis wigni germanul enaze.
monawileobda `saqarTvelos ganTavisuflebis
komitetisa~ da berlinSi gamomaval `qarTuli gaze-
Tis~ muSaobaSi.
1918_1921 wlebSi muSaobda saqarTvelos berlinis
saelCoSi. 1919 wels sadoqtoro disertacia daicva
berlinis humboldtebis universitetSi.

6
 ***
yvela mwerali Tavisi drois Svilia da konstan-
tine gamsaxurdiac gaitaca erTi mxriv _ modernizmma,
meore mxriv _ politikam.
modernizmi didi inteleqtualuri moZraoba iyo,
romelmac SeaRwia yvela kulturul centrSi da yvel-
gan individualuri saxe miiRo. konstantine gamsaxur-
diam igi gaiazra rogorc esTetikuri universalizmi,
rac niSnavda ganaxlebas, uaxlesi ideebisa da formebis
damkvidrebas, xolo politikas ukavSirebda samSob-
los Tavisuflebis ideas, ruseTis imperiis daSlas.
„dinamitiT unda avafeTqoT Zveli miwa da Zve-
li idealebi“, _ werda igi 1924 wels, parizidan dab-
runebis Semdeg.
konstantine gamsaxurdiam, iseve rogorc grigol
robaqiZem, `RmerTTan morkine~ germanias miapyro
mzera da eqspresionistuli suliT ganimsWvala. ma-
gram xelovnebis es `axali aisi~, warmoedgina ara mxo­
lod rogorc stili, aramed rogorc eTika da re-
ligia. igi iqca RirebulebaTa gadafasebis mTavar
punqtad. eqspresionizmi panacea ar yofila, iseve ro-
gorc dioniso da qriste da Tavis mierve uaryofil
simbolizmsac daesesxa.
sityvis ganaxleba, xelaxali ganedleba mwer­
lisaTvis iyo `qarTuli sulis renesansi~, stilisa
da ideebis universalizeba, wminda xelovnebis dacva,
im ucxo saxelebis propaganda, romlebic saukuneTa
siRrmidan anaTebdnen, magram qarTlis mTebamde ver
moeR­wiaT.

7
 amitom qadagebda evropidan mobrunebuli Wabuki
misticizms, mkiTxvels acnobda goeTesa da dantes,
nicSesa da dostoevskis, Spenglersa da uitmens, maT
landebs qarTul miwaze asaxlebda; ganixilavda rasisa
da enis problemaTa mozaikas, indur filosofias, an-
tikur kulturas, georgesa da rilkes uCveulo poe-
zias, fransisa da hamsunis prozas...
misi mxatvruli koncefcia emyareboda warmar-
Tul da qristianul mistikas, antikur da qarTul
miTologias, fr. nicSes sicocxlis filosofias, z.
froidis fsiqoanalizs, Sopenhauersa da vagners, im-
presionizms, eqspresionizmsa da simbolizms.
xolo am informaciis safuZveli iyo qarTuli
tradiciebi _ hagiografia da `vefxistyaosani~, ilia
WavWavaZe da vaJa-fSavela. ebrZoda utilitarul gan-
manaTleblobas, romelsac dakninebisaken mihyavda es-
Teturi da nacionaluri suli. amitom gadaexlarTa
erTmaneTs ase mtkivneulad kultura da politika,
rac misi naazrevis ganmsazRvrelad iqca, rogorc Sin-
agani Zalis Zaxili.
sasowarkveTili, damarcxebuli samSoblosaTvis
xelovneba unda yofiliyo aRTqmuli qveyanac, sityva-
Si _ yofierebis saxlSi qarTuli sulis Semnaxveli da
gadamrCeni. amitom gadmoisrola mebrZoli lozunge-
bi _ `RirebulebaTa xelmeored Sefaseba~, `qarTuli
sulis renesansi~, `qarTuli kulturis diqtatura~,
radgan roca erTi hkargavs politikur damoukide-
blobas, man unda gaamZafros kulturis fronti,
gadaarCinos sasicocxlo ideebi, moamzados asparezi
axal ZalTa mosavlenad.

8
 distanciis paTosic amave mizans emorCileboda,
oRond distancias xalxisagan ki ar icavda, aramed
ase icilebda bolSevizmis damTrgunvel Zalas, raTa
heroizmiT, paTetikiT, gmiruli cxovrebis kultiT
gaemxnevebina gulgatexili moqalaqeni, aRedgina TeT-
rcxenosani respublikis dacemiT dakarguli rwmena da
imedi.
konstantine gamsaxurdia araerTxel migviTiTebs,
rom xelovani aris miTebis mTxzveli. „tabuSi“ mTeli
kodeqsia gadmocemuli; „mTvaris motacebaSi“ Semo-
qmeds „miTosis mTxzveli“ ewodeba; „didostatis mar-
jvenis“ ambavi „naTel miTad“ aris monaTluli; „Sub-
liT vexlebiT axal dros; misi saukeTeso epitafia:
miToss moklebuli dro“, werda 1924 wels. moderni
unda dayrdnoboda „eladasa“ da „roms“. magram didi
adamianis cxovrebac TavisTavad aris miTi. am deb-
ulebis realizebaa misi Semoqmedeba. miTi da simbolo
ki erTmaneTisagan ganuyrelia.
ase gaaerTiana esTetizmi da samSoblos bediswera.
konstantine gamsaxurdias azrovnebaze ramdenime
faqtorma iqonia Zlieri zegavlena da Camouyaliba
mwerlis TvalTaxedva. pirveli iyo, rogorc vTqviT,
germanuli kultura, meore _ `saqarTvelos ganTavisu-
flebis komitetis~ daarseba evropaSi, romlis wevric
gaxda. mesame _ 1920 wlis ianvarSi Casvla maradiul
romSi, warmarTobisa da qristianobis centrSi, ramac
misi interesi xelovnebisaken warmarTa.
megzuri aqac fridrix nicSe iyo _ „zarastustra-
sa“ da „Zalauflebis nebis“ avtori.

9
 magram male daeSva samSoblos samferovani droSa
da konstantine gamsaxurdia isev politikam gaitaca.
1921 wlis 25 Tebervals ruseTis jarma daikava
Tbilisi, moxda saqarTvelos aneqsia da daSla. am
tragikul faqts mwerali ver Seegua.
novelebSi, eseebSi, zepir gamosvlebSi, Tavis Jur-
nalebsa (`ilioni~, `lomisi~) da gazeTSi (`saqarTvelos
samreklo~) icavda saqarTvelos damoukideblobis
ideas, acxadebda qarTuli kulturis diqtaturas.
amis gamo bolSevikebma orjer Casves metexis
cixeSi (1922, 1924). Semdeg ki gaasaxles TeTr zRvaSi
mdebare solovkis arqipelagze (1926_1927), rogorc
germaniis agenti.
igi germanul kulturaze iyo aRzrdili, magram
yovelTvis cdilobda ucxo ideebisa da modelebis qa-
rTul sulTan misadagebas anu qarTuli masalis evro-
puli TvalTaxedviT warmodgenasa da gaazrebas, maSin-
ac ki, roca sabWoTa xelisufleba aRiarebda mxolod
socialisturi realizmis literaturas. amitom swux-
da mwerali, mravalsaukunovani qarTuli mwerloba
„oblastnaia literaturad“ undaT aqciono.
evropuli kultura misTvis iyo barieri rusuli
bolSevizmis SesaCereblad da gasaneitraleblad, qar-
Tuli sulis TviTmyofadobis gadasarCenad.
saubedurod, axali dro ar scnobda opozicio-
nerebs. is maT apatimrebda da xvretda. amitom iZule-
buli iyo literaturas Sefareboda, Tavisi azri sim-
boloebiTa da alegoriebiT Seemosa, gamoesxa sityvis
frTebi, sityva eqcia nacionaluri brZolis iaraRad.

10
 erT fokusSi mogrovda sabediswero, gulismomkv-
leli TariRebi _ 1907 wlis tragedia, 25 Tebervlis
katastrofa, sisxliani 29 agvisto. yvela maTgani iyo
mamismkvleloba, mSobliuris ganadgureba, sazareli
danaSauli, rac ar moscildeba Cvens istorias, iseve
rogorc uaxlesi sisxlisRvra.
mwerlis esTetikur-politikuri mrwamsis xorc-
Sesxmaa pirvelive romani „dionisos Rimili“ (1925),
sadac inteleqtualuri Zieba, sulieri da fizikuri
odisea gaSlilia asociaciuri kompoziciiTa da liri-
kuli mgznebarebiT, simboloebiTa da alegoriebiT,
dioniso-qristes dapirispirebiT.
`dionisos Rimili~ iyo `dakarguli Taobis~ sevdi-
ani wigni, romelSic mwerlis aqtiuri, mebrZoli buneba
uecrad Secvala uimedobam. mTavari personaJi konstan-
tine savarsamiZe, romelic avtoris personificire-
baa, aris damarcxebuli qarTveli nacionalisti. igi
evropaSi ganiswavla, magram samSoblos ar sWirdeba.
amitom gamosavals eZebs erotomaniaSi,alkoholsa da
dionisos warmarTul religiaSi, romelTanac mihyavs
fr. nicSes sicocxlis filosofias, antiqristianul
suliskveTebas, zekacis morals.
am romanis gamoqveynebis Semdeg iwereba novelebi
_ `tabu~, `didi iosebi~, `qosa gaxu~. mwerali Targmnis
goeTes `verters~, uitmenis poezias, remarkis romans
`dasavleTis fronti ucvlelia~, dantes `RvTaebriv
komedias~, romelic srulad 1941 wels gamoica.
konstantine gamsaxurdia arc solovkidan dab-
runebis Sedeg epueboda sabWoTa xelisuflebas. essee-

11
bsa da sajaro gamosvlebSi isev agrZelebda modernis-
tuli koncefciis qadagebas, moiTxovda qarTuli enis
ganmtkicebas, tradiciebis dacvasa da gagrZelebas.
magram ukve politikas Tavs aridebda.
rappelebi da partiuli liderebi (mag., m. kaxiani)
daundoblad akritikebdnen. Sedegi is iyo, rom 1931
wels garicxes mweralTa kavSiridan, romlis erT_
erTi damaarsebeli Tavad iyo.
1932 wlis 23 aprilidan, mas Semdeg, rac gauqm­
da rappi, sabWoTa xelisufleba keTilad ganewyo
k. gamsa­xurdias mimarT, iseve rogorc Zveli inteligen-
ciis calkeuli warmomadgenlebisadmi (mag., S. dadiani,
i. javaxiSvili). amitom 1934 wels miiRes ssrk mwer-
alTa kavSiris wevrad.
konstantine gamsaxurdias SemoqmedebiT aRmav-
loba iwyeba am droidan, rac gagrZelda 1946 wlamde,
vidre JdanovSCina walekavda sabWoTa xelovnebas.
konstantine gamsaxurdias cxovrebaSi gansakuT­
rebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba or pirovnebas, moazro­
vneTagan _ fr. nicSes, xelisufalTagan _ l. berias,
xolo saniSno da ideali mudam iyo goeTe _ `faustis~
avtori.
1932_1933 wlebSi werda `goetes cxovrebis ro-
mans~, romelic didi germaneli mwerlis gardacva-
lebis 100 wlis aRsaniSnavad gamoqveynda.
1933_1934 wlebSi ki werda da paralelurad beW-
davda Jurnal `mnaTobis~ furclebze trilogia `mT-
varis motacebas~, romelmac rogorc mkiTxvelTa, ise
xelisuflebis didi aRiareba moipova.

12
 romans ori mTavari personaJi hyavs _ afxazi in-
teligenti, emigranti generlis Svili, evropaSi gan-
swavluli TaraS emxvari da misi ZuZumte afxazi ar-
zayan zvambaia, komkavSireli da Cekisti, mgznebare
stalinisti. isini erTmaneTisadmi pativiscemas inar-
Cuneben, magram gulSi mtrobas atareben, rac gareg-
nulad vlindeba qalebTan mimarTebaSi. am or vaJkacs
erTmaneTisgan sTiSavs jer _ Tamar SarvaSiZe, Semdeg
_ lamaria lafariani.
kulturasa da erovnul Segnebas spobs mozeime
barbarosuli Zala _ bolSevizmi. aseTia romanis mTa-
vari idea, wignis ZiriTadi paTosi.
axalma drom, sisxlisferma Jamma ar miiRo Zve-
li saqarTvelodan da evropuli kulturidan mosuli
TaraS emxvari, magram aRazeva mamismkvleli arzayan
zvambaia, vinc mauzeriT amkvidrebs rusul wesrigs da
visi RmerTic aris stalini. mweralma bolSevikebis
mier xelisuflebis, religiisa da tradiciebis damxo-
ba gaiazra rogorc mamismkvleloba.
`mTvaris motacebis~ drois lokalia 1931 wlis
aprilidan 1932 wlis aprilamde. dasawyisi da dasas-
ruli ukavSirdeba 23 aprils, giorgobis dRes.
wignis erT-erTi mTavari simboloa iloris
wm. giorgis taZari, iseve rogorc sveticxoveli
`didostatis marjvenaSi~, gelaTi `daviT aRmaSeneb-
elSi~, mowameTas monasteri `dionisos RimilSi~.
`mTvaris motacebis~ realistur Txrobas avsebs
da avrcobs, azrobriv simtkicesa da dramatizms sZens
miTosuri plani, personaJTa arqetipebi, simboluri
hipostasebi, animistur da tradiciul warmodgenaTa

13
variaciebi da msxvreva, maTi asociaciuri kavSirebi.
amjerad miTosur modelebs eZleva ara nicSeanuri,
aramed fsiqoanalizuri axsna.
1935 wels konstantine gamsaxurdiam SeirTo mi-
randa falavandiSvili, romelTanac eyola ori Svili
_ Tamari da zviadi _ saqarTvelos momavali pirveli
prezidenti.
1937 wels, lavrenti berias winadadebiT, mweral-
ma istoriis sferoSi gadainacvla da daiwyo muSaoba
stalinis bavSvobis periodze (trilogia `beladis~ I
wigni), riTac represias gadaurCa.
Tanamedroveobisagan distancirebis pirveli maga­
liTia novela `xogais mindia~, rac iyo erTi qarTuli
folkloruli masalis gaazrebis mesame warmatebuli
cda vaJa-fSavelas `gvelis mWamelisa~ da grigol ro-
baqiZis `lamaras~ Semdeg.
1938_1939 wlebSi daiwera `didostatis konstan-
tines marjvena~. moqmedeba iSleba XI saukunis saqarT-
veloSi, upirvelesi qristianuli taZris sveticxove-
lis garSemo. magram faqtiurad romani aRmoCnda 1937
wlis tragediis alegoriuli gadatana Soreul war-
sulSi, katastroful movlenaTa maradiuli model-
is povna da gamoxatva, misi wakiTxva gardasuli Jamis
fonze. xolo antirusuli paTosi daSifrul iqna an-
tibizantiuri suliskveTebiT.
romanis erT-erTi RerZia datyvevebuli xelo­
vanisa (konstantine arsakiZe) da gulboroti, magram
patrioti mefis (giorgi pirveli) paradigma, rac
mTavr­deba xelovanis dasjiT _ mklavis mokveTiT.

14
 giorgi mefe, melqisedek kaTalikosi, konstan-
tine arsakiZe, Savleg toxaisZe, farsman sparsi _ ai,
xuTi personaJi, romanSi xuTi damoukidebeli, urT-
ierTmopirispire koncefciis mtarebeli, rac teqstSi
laitmotivurad aris gadanawilebuli.
yvela konfliqturi xazi ukavSirdeba qals (ro-
gorc `mTvaris motacebaSi~) _ Sorena kolonkeliZes,
moRalate feodalis asuls, magram arsakiZe suls swi-
ravs ara satrfos, aramed _ sveticxovelis taZars anu
xelovnebas.
mwerlis rwmeniT, sveticxovelis aSeneba iyo Rv-
Taebis ideis gamiwiereba, romelsac erTi suliT, qar-
Tuli eniTa da qristes sjuliT unda Seekra gare da
Sina mtrebTan meomari qarTlosianni.
`didostatis marjvena~ iyo k. gamsaxurdias erTad-
erTi wigni, romelsac yovelTvis aRiarebda sabWoTa
xelisufleba. moswondaT igi stalinsa da berias.
magram `beladis~ pirvel wigns, romelic 1939
wels gamoica, stalinma kritikulad Sexeda da avtor-
mac momdevno wignebi aRar dawera.
1940 wlidan k. gamsaxurdia muSaobas iwyebs `daviT
aRmaSenebelze~. jer dawera scenari filmisaTvis, ro-
melic moiwones, magram ar gadaiRes, radgan stalinma
giorgi saakaZe arCia daviT aRmaSenebels. Semdeg ki
romanis weras Seudga, romlis pirveli wigni 1942 wlis
gazafxulze gamovida.
aqac konfliqtur warmodgenaTa centrSi dgas
qali _ daviTis satrfo, urCi feodalis liparit baR-
vaSis asuli dedisimedi.

15
 wignis nacionaluri Tvalsazrisi, heroika, brZo-
la qveynis TavisuflebisaTvis Seesatyviseboda omis
periodis sabrZolo suliskveTebas. magram es iyo ara
mxolod warsulis xilva, aramed _ ocnebac qveynis mo-
mavalze.
daviT aRmaSeneblis pirovneba danaxulia ara
mxolod romanuli faTerakebis rkalSi, aramed _
msoflio movlenaTa kursSi, saxelmwifoTa, religia-
Ta, pirovnebaTa sastiki da daundobeli Setakebebis
aspeqtSi.
konstantine xedavda, rom dapyrobil qveyanas da-
karguli hqonda saxelmwifoebrivi funqcia. amitom qa-
rTuli sityva, am enaze Seqmnili kultura, miTosuri
da istoriuli saxeebiT Semosaltuli da ametyvele-
buli, unda qceuliyo citadelad, romelic Sekravda
da gaaerTianebda uRmerTo Jams qarTvel xalxs, saqa-
rTvelos kuTxeebs. enaSi moqceuli nacionaluri cno-
biereba Tu gadaarCenda samSoblos socializmis sax-
eliT garusebisagan.
amitomac aqcevda esoden did yuradRebas enis
misterias, siwmindesa da JReradobas, leqsikur simdi-
dres, dialeqtebs, ZvelqarTul metyvelebas, saerTa-
Soriso sityvebs, sityvaTwarmoqmnasa da sityvaTwyo-
bas, eqspresiasa da asoniSanTa moxazulobas.
magram bolSevikebs ar eZinaT da konstantinesa-
gan moiTxovdnen am citadelis dangrevas, oficial-
uri enisadmi morCilebas, romlis gageba maT iolad
SeeZloT.
amitom ebrZodnen `daviT aRmaSeneblis~ naciona-
lur-politikur koncefciasa da enobriv models.

16
 Tavidan sabWoTa xelisufleba, maT Soris moskov-
ic, interesiT Sexvda am romanis gamoCenas, magram wig-
nis qarTuli suli da patriotika TandaTan miuRebe-
li gaxda rusuli SovinizmisaTvis. amis gamo mwerals
akritikebdnen rusi da qarTveli avtorebi, kolegebi,
partiuli liderebi. ar misces stalinuri premia, Seu-
wyvites tomeulebis gamocema, akrZales mesame wignis
tiraJi, gamoiyvanes mweralTa kavSiris prezidiumidan
da a. S.
1944 wels, vidre aseTi bakqanalia atydeboda,
airCies saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis namdvil
wevrad. magram `JdanovSCinis~ periodSi mkacrad Sez-
Rudes. respublikis xelmZRvanelobam stalinisgan
mwer­lis dapatimrebis sanqcia iTxova, magram ver mi-
iRo. igive ganmeorda `megrelizaciis~ dros, amjerad
ak. mgelaZis iniciativiT.
stalini moiTxovda mwerlis mkacr kritikas, ma-
gram dapatimrebis nebas ar iZleoda.
aseT pirobebSi grZeldeboda `daviT aRmaSenebel-
ze~ muSaoba, rTuli da dramatuli epoqis, mravalero-
van personaJTa masis warmosaxva im avtoris mier,
romelsac analogiur situaciebSi uwevda cxovreba da
Semoqmedeba.
amitom mxolod 1962 wels SeZlo `daviT aRmaSene-
blis~ dasruleba. manamde ki, muSaoba rom gaegrZele-
bina, wavida kidev erT, nawilobriv kompromisze _
1951_1955 wlebSi dawera `vazis yvaviloba~, sakol-
meurneo aRmSeneblobisadmi miZRvnili wigni, romelSic
mTavari adgili daeTmo qarTul tradiciul vazis

17
kulturas. vazis motiviT da bermuxis simbolikiT ki
moxda dionisuri ritualebis transformireba, axal
sinamdvileSi danaxva.
konstantine gamsaxurdias, erTi mxriv komunis-
turi xelisufleba, sjida da Trgunavda, meore mxriv
_ Txzvis stimuls hmatebda, winaaRmdegobis unars
uZlierebda. igi yovelTvis cdilobda heroikuli su-
lisa da nacionaluri ideebis SenarCunebas, maT xorc-
Sesxmas modernistuli koncefciiT, originaluri
enobrivi modeliT, rasac qmnida mSobliuri arqaika,
internacionaluri leqsika, kolxuri intonacia, si-
tyvisa da saxis qmnadobis misteria.
es SeumCneveli ar iyo. amitom sWirdeboda kom-
promisebze wasvla, aramTavaris daTmoba umTavresis
gadasarCenad. am mxriv gansakuTrebiT saWiro da efeq-
turi aRmoCnda publicistika, mxatvruli narkvevis
Janri.
bolSevikuri tiraniis epoqaSi konstantine hgav-
da keTilSobil donkixots, romelic qaris wisqvilebs
ebrZoda, da martosul hamlets, visac uZiro sevda
guls uxravda.
konstantine gamsaxurdias fantazias, ro-
gorc tragikuli bunebis xelovans, aRagznebda eris
cxovrebis saSineli wuTebi, sakuTar biografiad aR-
qmuli da gamotanjuli, kaeSani da melanqolia _ ga-
foTlili RmerTmebrZol personaJTa sulSi. amitom
gadahqonda TariRebi da realiebi miTosisa da isto-
riis sarkeSi, anda _ Tanamedrove dReebs Wvretda ro-
gorc miTossa da istorias, raTa gulgatexil qarTv-

18
els egrZno tiraniis warmavloba da drois maradiuli
wrebrunva daenaxa.
mwerlis warmosaxvaSi erTmaneTs Seenacvla ori
aspeqti _ erTi aris TvaliT xiluli mtanjveli re-
aloba (`dionisos Rimili~, `mTvaris motaceba~, `vazis
yvaviloba~), meore _ istoriaSi ukuqceviT suls ud-
gams marad Tanamdev ocnebas (`didostatis marjvena~,
`daviT aRmaSenebeli~), rac momavlis samoqmedo gegmaa,
gamovlenili nacionaluri ideebiTa (saqarTvelosa da
Tbilisis ganTavisufleba, partikularizmis aRkveTa)
da kulturiT (sveticxovelis da gelaTis aSeneba),
xolo `vazis yvavilobaSi~ danaxuli Jami aris Ses-
venebis, ZalTa mokrebis periodi, raTa damarcxebu-
li samSoblo aRdges fizikuri da inteleqtualuri
SromiT, momzaddes momavali brZolebisaTvis, Seqmnas
saarsebo bazisi da winsvlis perspeqtiva, radgan is-
toria Cveni dReebiT ar ixureba.
kolegebisa da xelisuflebisagan araerTgzis
Serisxuli suls iTqvamda Tavis ocnebis sasaxleSi.
bevrs aseTi mopyroba kacTmoZuled aqcevda, cocxali
romc gadarCeniliyo. magram konstantine gamsaxurdias
striqonebs msgavsi ganwyobileba ar dastyobia, radgan
arc xelisufleba da arc dRevandeli mosaxleoba ar
aris samSoblos jami.

***
mwerlis wignebidan gadmodis personaJebis mTe-
li galerea. isini Cveni cxovrebis megzuria, Cveni
fiqrebis Tanamdevi _ konstantine savarsamiZe, taia

19
Selia, xogais mindia, TaraS emxvari, Tamar SarvaSiZe,
kac zvambaia, arzayan zvambaia, qora maxvSi, lukaia
labaxua, konstantine arsakiZe, Sorena kolonkeliZe,
giorgi pirveli, farsman sparsi, daviT aRmaSenebeli,
lipart baRvaSi, giorgi Wyondideli...
pirvelad konstantine gamsaxurdias prozaSi gais-
ma saxelebi _ TaraSi, Sorena, gvanca, Wiaberi, zviadi,
girSeli, Zabuli, niania, xadiSaT, misoust...
mwerali Tavis inteleqtualur Tu meomar per-
sonaJebs aCvenebda msoflio movlenebis konteqstSi,
akavSirebda kulturis centrebTan, raTa politikur
rukaze adgildakarguli samSoblo ocnebaSi mainc yo-
filiyo moniSnuli da Semoxazuli.
evropa iyo maTi ucvleli orientiri. xolo
safuZveli _ ZvelqarTuli samyaro.
k. gamsaxurdias gansakuTrebuli interesi da Tay-
vaniscema Zlieri, bedisweris urCi (an ganmgebeli)
pirovnebisadmi, rac mefeTa, xelovanTa, sardalTa,
potenciur liderTa bunebad ametyvelda, agreTve _
gmirobis, omis, samSoblos da qalis kulti, religi-
isadmi mimarTeba sawyiss iRebs mwerlis bavSvobaSi. am
pirvelad, genetikurad gadmocemul niSan-TvisebaTa
gaSla da Cvenebaa socialuri garemos dawoliT, SeZe-
nili informaciis meSveobiT mTeli misi Semoqmedeba.
yvelaferi an araferi, _ aseTia gmirTa devizi.
amitom sdevT aRmafrena da depresia, gamarjvebis
sixaruli da damarcxebis simware. isini modian mSob-
liuri sityvis musikidan, mwvane da Calisferi vel-
mindvrebis surnelebidan, miTebisa da istoriis wiaRi-

20
dan. maT metyvelebaSi ismis zRvis guguni, SeRamebis
melanqolia da saomari zeaRmtaci yiJina.
es personaJebi gvzrdidnen Cven, gviyalibebdnen
cnobierebas, qveynisa da qalisadmi siyvaruls, gvas-
wavlidnen Tavganwirvas, erTgulebas, urTierTpati­
vis­cemas, iseve rogorc rusTavelisa da vaJa-fSavelas
gmirebi.
konstantine gamsaxurdias ainteresebda gmirTa
anTropologiuri modelic, rasis niSnebi, istori-
ulad SeZenili niSan-Tvisebani, genetikuri TavisTava-
doba da saxecvla, e.i. qarTveli adamiani rogorc bi-
ologiur, ise socialur-kulturul aspeqtSi, drois
TvalsazrisiT _ miTosur, istoriul da Tanamedrove
ganzomilebaSi. magram es aris Txzvis masala da ara
mecnieruli kvlevis sagani.
galaktion tabiZesTan da „cisferyanwelebTan“
erTad man Seqmna qarTuli sityvis esTetika, qarTuli
mwerlobis inteleqtualuri da gmiruli samyaro, rac
aris rusTavelis xazis aRdgena da gagrZeleba axal
realiebTan mimarTebiT.

***
sicocxlis ukanasknel wlebSi, roca sayovelTao
siyvaruliT garemosili iyo, werda romans „Tamar“.
dasruleba ver moaswro. mizezi iyo rogorc asaki, ise
ojaxuri tragediebi.
gardaicvala 1975 wlis 17 ivliss.
dakrZales „kolxuri koSkis“ ezoSi, meuRlisa da
qaliSvilis gverdiT.

21
 ***
`mTvaris motacebis~ avtori savsebiT unikaluri
movlenaa Cvens istoriaSi _ biografiiT, erudiciiT,
SemoqmedebiT, gautexeli suliT. yovel sferoSi, ra-
sac ki misi kalami gadaswvda, STamomavlobas dautova
waruvali Rirebulebebis qmnilebani _
leqsi,
novela,
esse,
Targmani,
romani.
magram, pirvel yovlisa, avtoria oTxi didi qar-
Tuli romanisa.
am wignebiT dgeba igi maradisobis pirispir.
rac gava dro da Jami, kidev ufro imatebs maTi
sxivTa Zala, radgan konstantine gamsaxurdias mier
daculi da naqadagebi rwmena wignis furclebidan
gadmovida, masebs daeufla da azvirTebul qarTvel
xalxs Tavisuflebis gzaze waruZRva, rogorc wyvdia-
didan TavdaRweuli naTlis sveti.

22
fotomatiane

23
 konstantine gamsaxurdia _
quTaisis saTavadaznauro
gimnaziis moswavle

mama _ simon gamsaxurdia deda _ elisabed TofuriZe

24
cnobili qarTveli mwerlebi da sazogado moRvaweebi. axalgazrda
konstantine dgas (marjvnidan meoTxe). quTaisi. 1914 w.

miunxeni, 1914 w.

25
 konstantine gamsaxurdias deda _ elisabed TofuriZe,
meuRle _ rebeka vaSaZe, Zma _ aleqsandre, 1914 w.

Coxosnebi: vaxtang kotetiSvili, konstantine gamsaxurdia,

pavle ingoroyva, aleqsandre abaSeli. 1921 w.
26
 gadasaxlebaSi solovkaze. 1927 w.

qarTveli patimrebi solovkaze. 1927 w.

27
 konstantine gamsaxurdia yofil solovkel patimrebTan. 1929 w.

konstantine gamsaxurdia, xariton vardoSvili, geronti qiqoZe da

ioseb griSaSvili. 1934 w.
28
konstantine gamsaxurdia da simon janaSia megobrebTan. 1930 w.

xevsureTi. 1934 w.

29
 meuRle _ miranda falavandiSvili da konstantine gamsaxurdia,
1950 w.

Svilebi _ Tamari da zviadi

30
 a. afaqiZe, s. janaSia, k. gamsaxurdia. bagineTi. 1946 w.

d. kapanaZe, m. karbelaSvili, k. gamsaxurdia, s. janaSia,

i. ciciSvili, a. afaqiZe. bagineTi. 1946 w.
31
 k. gamsaxurdia, i. abaSiZe, S. dadiani. 1955 w.

a. surkovi, i. abaSiZe, k. gamsaxurdia. 1959 w.

32
galaktioni da konstantine

33
 g. leoniZe, k. gamsaxurdia, i. abaSiZe. 1964 w.

l. gudiaSvili, e. amaSukeli, k. gamsaxurdia, i. abaSiZe. 1965 w.

34
g. natroSvili da k. gamsaxurdia somex mwerlebTan. 1968 w.

35
 qarTvel msaxiobebTan. 1972 w.

36
mwerlis disSvili TaTia xaindrava, SviliSvili Sorena axobaZe,
konstantine da qaliSvili naTela (kolxuri koSki).

stumrad korneli sanaZesTan. 1958 w.

37
 sveticxovlis ezoSi

humboldtis ZeglTan. berlini. 1967 w.

38
zviadi, konstantine, miranda, Tamari, ZmisSvili svimoni. 1958 w.

39
 konstantine, Tamari, zviadi

konstantine da zviadi

40
Tamari, konstantine, ufrosi qaliSvili naTela da
paata guguSvili. 1970 w.

konstantine da Tamari

41
 `didostatis marjvenis~ franguli gamocemis redaqtori
rene uncbiukleri meuRlesTan erTad stumrad `kolxur koSkSi~,
1959 wlis 11 agvisto.

konstantine da miranda

42
konstantine SviliSvilTan _ kokosTan erTad

SviliSvilebi: konstantine gamsaxurdia,

Sorena da daviT axobaZeebi

43
 zviadi da manana gamsaxurdiebi SvilebTan
giorgisTan da cotnesTan erTad

44
45
 gamoTxoveba. 1975 w.

46
damoukideblobis gamocxadeba. 1991 wlis 9 aprili

47
saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis stamba
2013