Lesson Plan in Mathematics for Grade 9

Janin R. Cosido
Teacher’s Name

Mati National Comprehensive High School

Name of School

Mangga Street, Barangay Sainz, Mati City, Davao Oriental

Address of School

I. Objectives 
At the end of 60 minutes, the students will be able to:
a. determine the highest or lowest point (vertex), axis of symmetry, orientation or opening of
the graph

II. Subject Matter

Topic: Graphs of a Quadratic Functions
Reference/s: Mathematics 9: Quarter 1-Module 6, Bryant et. al (2014), Oronce et. al
(2019) pp. 4-10
Mathematics 9 Learner’s Material, Bryant et. al (2014), pp. 140-155
Instructional Materials: PowerPoint Presentation, Visual-aids, Graphing
Board, Worksheet
Skill(s): Solving problems, sketching graphs, analysis
Value(s): cooperation, attentiveness, activeness

III. Procedure
 Classroom management
 Prayer
 Greetings
 Checking of attendance
 Classroom policies/rules
 Checking of homework/assignment
A. Review
Given the quadratic functions, y = x2 - 2x - 3 and y = -x2 + 4x + 1, transform them into the form
y = a(x-h)2 + k.

Expected Answers:
y = (x – 1)2 – 4
y = -(x – 2) + 5

B. Motivation

Group activity:
Problem: Think of a number less than 20. Subtract this number from 20 and multiply the difference by
twice the original number. What is the number that will give the largest product?
 The first group who gives the largest product wins the game.

C. Presentation of the Topic (Lesson Proper)

“Graphs of Quadratic Function”

a. Activities (Pre-define Instruction)

The graph of a quadratic function is called parabola.

Real-life illustrations:

To sketch the graph of a quadratic function, the following should be determined:

a) vertex
b) axis of symmetry
c) orientation/opening of the graph (upward or downward)
d) x – intercept/s
e.) y – intercept
f) maximum / minimum point of the graph
g) domain and range of the function
In graphing quadratic functions, the following properties of the parabolas should be observed:
 Vertex
−b 4 ac −b 2
The vertex (h, k) can be found by (1) using the formula ℎ= and k = or by (2) transforming the
2a 4a
function to its vertex form. You can just choose either of the two, whichever is more convenient to you.
 Axis of symmetry
Every parabola has an axis of symmetry which is the vertical line that divides the graph into two perfect
halves. It can be expressed as an equation in the form x = h, where h can be found in the vertex (h, k).
 Orientation/opening of the graph
The graph of a quadratic function, which is a parabola, opens upward or downward, depending on the
value of a in the function. If the value of a is positive or if a> 0, the parabola opens upward. If the value of
a is negative or if a< 0, the parabola opens downward.
 x – intercept/s
The x – intercept/s are the points at which the parabola intersects or touches the x-axis. The value of the x-
intercept is actually the roots/zeros of the quadratic function. Thus, in order for you to determine the x-
intercepts of the graph, you need to solve for the roots of the function. A parabola may have no, one or two
x-intercepts.

 y – intercept
The y – intercept is the point at which the parabola passes through the y-axis. To get the y-intercept, set the
value of x into 0.
 Maximum / minimum point of the graph
When the parabola opens up, the vertex is the lowest point on the graph — called the minimum, or min.
When the parabola opens down, the vertex is the highest point on the graph — called the maximum, or
max. The maximum or the minimum value of the graph is the k value of the vertex. Use the formula
2
4 ac −b
k= to get the value of k.
4a
 Domain of the function
The domain of the function is all x - values. There are no restrictions on the domain of this function. The
domain is the set of real numbers.
 Range of the function
The range of the function are all y- values of the function. Take note that:
The range is y ≥ k, if the graph opens upward.
The range is y ≤ k, if the graph opens downward.
Example:
2
y=x +6 x − 7
1. Determine the vertex (h, k)
− b −(6) −6
ℎ= ¿ ¿ ¿ −3
2 a 2(1) 2

2 2
4 ac −b 4 (1)(− 7)−(6) ¿ −28 −36 ¿ −64
k= ¿ ¿ −16
4a 4( 1) 4 4
Hence, the vertex is (-3, -16)

2. Make a Table of Values

x -5 -4 -3 0 1
y ? ? -16 ? ?

3. Solve for y

x = -5 x = -4
2 2
y=x +6 x − 7 y=x +6 x − 7
y=(−5)2 +6(− 5)− 7 y=(− 4)2 +6(− 4) −7
y=25+(− 30) −7 y=16 +(− 24)− 7
y=− 5 −7 y=− 8 −7
 y=− 12 y=− 15

x=0 x=1

y=x 2 +6 x − 7 y=x 2 +6 x − 7
2 2
y=(0) +6(0) −7 y=(1) +6 (1) −7
y=0+0 −7 y=1+6 − 7
y=− 7 y=0

Complete Table of Values

x -5 -4 -3 0 1
y -12 -15 -16 -7 0

4. Opening of the graph

Since the value of a is positive, the opening of the graph is upward.
5. Axis of symmetry
x=ℎ
x=− 3

6. Domain
{x / x ∈ ℝ } or in sentence, x is all set of real numbers.

7. Range
{y / y ≥k }
{ y / y ≥ −16 }

8. y-intercept
Let x = 0
2
y=x +6 x − 7
y=(0)2 +6(0)−7
y=0+0 −7
y=− 7
Hence, y-intercept is (0, -7)

9. x-intercept
We can get the x-intercept by using the 4 methods of solving quadratic equations.
Factoring method:
2
y=x +6 x − 7
Make this a quadratic equation by replacing the y into 0.
0=x 2+6 x −7
Then, factor.
2
0=x +6 x −7
( x +7 ) (x − 1)
x +7=0 ; x − 1=0
x=− 7 ; x=1
Hence, the x-intercept is (-7, 0) (1, 0).

Graph

Activity:
Direction: Complete the table for x and y with -3 to 3 as the domains.
Given: y=x 2 −2 x −3

x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
y

Expected answer:

x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
y 12 5 0 -3 -4 -3 0

b. Reporting

The teacher will call any student to answer the following questions.

a. How can you write the complete table of values of the given quadratic function?
Expected answer:
To make the table of values complete, we should solve for y of the given quadratic function.
b. How to get the values of y?
Expected answer:
We get the values of y by using the values of x from the table we created and substitute it to the
quadratic function we use.
c. What is the next thing to do if we completed the table of values?
Expected answer:
 We sketch the graph on the Cartesian plane.
c. Drills
Individual Activity:

Direction: In the given quadratic function y=x 2 −2 x −3 , identify the vertex, axis of symmetry, direction or
opening of the graphs.
Expected Answer:
2
y=x −2 x −3  Vertex (1, -4); Axis of Symmetry x = 1; The graph translates 1 unit to the right and 4 units
downward and is opening upward.

Group activity:

Direction: Sketch the graph on the Cartesian Plane.

Given: y=x 2 −2 x −3

Expected Answer:

D. Application
The teacher instructs the students to name some famous parabolic structures and describe the aesthetic
value of the structures.

Expected Answer: Answers may vary

E. Generalization

 Ask the students what are the properties of quadratic function.

 Ask the students how to sketch the graph of a quadratic function

Summary:

IV. Evaluation

The teacher conducts an assessment to the students.

Direction: Draw the graphs of the following quadratic functions.

1. y = -(x - 2)2 + 4
2. y = (x + 3)2 – 4
Expected Answers:
1. 2.

V. Assignment

The teacher instructs the students to take pictures of objects or places showing the graph of quadratic
function (parabola).

- End of class -