5

Función Lineal I
Plan de recuperación de Matemática
𝑎) 𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑙ú𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑠𝑒 𝑝𝑢𝑒𝑑𝑒 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑓 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑜 𝑦

𝑒𝑛 𝑓 1 → 𝑥 = 1
𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥 + 8 𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥 + 8.
𝑥 𝜖 ℝ (𝑑𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑜) 𝑓 1 =2 1 +8.
𝑥 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑒 𝑎 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑛ú𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑓 1 = 2 + 8.
𝑓 1 = 10.

𝑓 𝑥 = −3𝑥 − 1 . 𝑒𝑛 𝑓 −4 → 𝑥 = −4 𝑓 𝑥 = −3𝑥 − 1.
¿ 𝑐𝑢á𝑙 𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑒 𝑓(−4)?. 𝑓 −4 = −3 −4 − 1 .
𝑓 −4 = +12 − 1 .
𝑓 −4 = 11.
𝑓 𝑥 = 5𝑥 + 9 𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 1 𝑦 𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 5

𝑒𝑛 𝑓 1 → 𝑥 = 1 𝑓 𝑥 = 5𝑥 + 9. 𝑒𝑛 𝑓 5 → 𝑥 = 5 𝑓 𝑥 = 5𝑥 + 9.
𝑓 1 = 5 1 + 9. 𝑓 5 = 5 5 + 9.
𝑓 1 = 5 + 9. 𝑓 5 = 25 + 9.
𝑓 1 = 14. 𝑓 5 = 34.
𝑏) 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑓𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑗𝑒𝑠

𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥
𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑥, 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑦 ,
𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑙𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑛 𝑥
𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑜 (0) 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑜 (0)
𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥. 𝑓 0 = 2𝑥.
0 = 2𝑥. 𝑓(0) = 2(0).
0
2
= 𝑥. 𝑓(0) = 0.
0 = 𝑥 → 𝑥 = 0. 𝑓(0) = 0 → 𝑦 = 0.

2→𝑦
2=
1→𝑥
𝑏) 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑓𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑗𝑒𝑠

𝑓 𝑥 = 6 − 2𝑥
𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑥, 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑦 ,
𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑙𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑛 𝑥
𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑜 (0) 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑜 (0)
𝑓 𝑥 = 6 − 2𝑥. 𝑓 0 = 6 − 2𝑥.
0 = 6 − 2𝑥. 𝑓 0 = 6 − 2(0).
2𝑥 = 6. 𝑓 0 = 6 − 0.
𝑥 = 3 → 𝑥 = 3. 𝑓(0) = 6 → 𝑦 = 6.
𝑐) 𝑈𝑛 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑝𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑐í𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑧𝑎 𝑎 𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑎𝑟𝑠𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑔𝑢𝑎 𝑎 𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑚𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒. 𝐴𝑙 𝑐𝑎𝑏𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑢𝑛 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑜 𝑙𝑎 𝑎𝑙𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑛𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑙
𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑎𝑔𝑢𝑎 𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒 3 𝑐𝑚. 𝐴 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑜𝑠, 𝑑𝑒 6 𝑐𝑚, 𝑦 𝑎𝑠í 𝑠𝑢𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒.
− 𝐸𝑠𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑎 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑎𝑙𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑛𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑙 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑎𝑔𝑢𝑎, 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑒𝑙 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑜 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑜 … 𝐼
− ¿ 𝐸𝑠 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑜 𝑎𝑓í𝑛? … 𝐼𝐼
− 𝐸𝑛 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 ¿ 𝑞𝑢é 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑓 4 ? … 𝐼𝐼𝐼
− 𝐴𝑙 𝑐𝑎𝑏𝑜 𝑑𝑒 6 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑜𝑠, ¿ 𝑐𝑢á𝑙 𝑒𝑠 𝑙𝑎 𝑎𝑙𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑛𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑙 𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑔𝑢𝑎? … 𝐼𝑉

6 𝑐𝑚
0 𝑐𝑚 3 𝑐𝑚

1 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑜 1 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑜

− 𝐸𝑠𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑎 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑎𝑙𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑛𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑙 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑎𝑔𝑢𝑎, 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑒𝑙 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑜 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑜 … 𝐼
𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡í𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑠 𝑦 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑜 𝑒𝑛
𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑜𝑠, 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑠 𝑒𝑛 𝑓 1 → 𝑥 = 1
𝑓 𝑥 = 3𝑥 𝑓 𝑥 = 3𝑥 → 𝑓 1 = 3 1 → 𝑓 1 = 3 (𝑐𝑚)
∀𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ → 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒 𝑥 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑜𝑠
𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑡𝑜𝑑𝑜 𝑥 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑧𝑎𝑐𝑎 𝑎 𝑒𝑛 𝑓 2 → 𝑥 = 2
𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑛ú𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑜𝑠. 𝑓 𝑥 = 3𝑥 → 𝑓 2 = 3 2 → 𝑓 2 = 6 (𝑐𝑚)
 − ¿ 𝐸𝑠 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑜 𝑎𝑓í𝑛? … 𝐼𝐼

𝒇𝒖𝒏𝒄𝒊ó𝒏 𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒂𝒍: 𝒇𝒖𝒏𝒄𝒊ó𝒏 𝒂𝒇í𝒏:

𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑎 𝑐𝑢𝑦𝑎 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖ó𝑛 𝑎𝑙𝑔𝑒𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑜
𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥, 𝑠𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑚 𝑢𝑛 𝑛ú𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑒𝑟𝑎 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑒 0.
𝑆𝑢 𝑔𝑟á𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎, 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑙í𝑛𝑒𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑠𝑎 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑙 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑒𝑛, 0,0 .
𝐸𝑙 𝑛ú𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑚 𝑠𝑒 𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑚𝑎 𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒.
𝐿𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖 𝑚 > 0, 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖 𝑚 < 0.
𝑈𝑛𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑎𝑓í𝑛 𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑎 𝑐𝑢𝑦𝑎 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖ó𝑛 𝑎𝑙𝑔𝑒𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑐𝑎
𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑜 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑛, 𝑠𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑚 𝑦 𝑛 𝑛ú𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑠
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒 0. 𝑆𝑢 𝑔𝑟á𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑒𝑠 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑙í𝑛𝑒𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎.
𝐸𝑙 𝑛ú𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑚 𝑒𝑠 𝑙𝑎 𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒.
𝐸𝑙 𝑛ú𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑛 𝑒𝑠 𝑙𝑎 𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑙 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑒𝑛.

𝑓 𝑥 = 3𝑥 ≡ 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 ∴ 𝑒𝑠 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑙

− 𝐴𝑙 𝑐𝑎𝑏𝑜 𝑑𝑒 6 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑜𝑠, ¿ 𝑐𝑢á𝑙 𝑒𝑠 𝑙𝑎 𝑎𝑙𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑙

− 𝐸𝑛 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 ¿ 𝑞𝑢é 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑓 4 ? … 𝐼𝐼𝐼
𝑛𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑙 𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑔𝑢𝑎? … 𝐼𝑉

𝑒𝑛 𝑓 4 → 𝑥 = 4 𝑒𝑛 𝑓 6 → 𝑥 = 4
𝑓 𝑥 = 3𝑥 𝑓 𝑥 = 3𝑥
𝑓 4 =3 4 𝑓 6 =3 6
𝑓 4 = 12 (𝑐𝑚) 𝑓 6 = 18 (𝑐𝑚)
𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑥 = 4, 𝑝𝑎𝑠𝑎𝑑𝑜 4 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑜𝑠, 𝑝𝑎𝑠𝑎𝑑𝑜 6 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑜𝑠, 𝑒𝑙 𝑛𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑙 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑎𝑔𝑢𝑎
𝑒𝑙 𝑛𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑙 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑎𝑔𝑢𝑎 𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑧𝑎𝑟á 𝑙𝑜𝑠 12 𝑐𝑚 𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑧𝑎𝑟á 𝑙𝑜𝑠 18 𝑐𝑚
𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑡 𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑒𝑡)
𝑈𝑛 𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛𝑜 𝑓𝑎𝑙𝑡ó 𝑎 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑚á𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑦 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑖ó 𝑠𝑎𝑐𝑎𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑐𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑎𝑠 𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎ñ𝑒𝑟𝑜.
𝑆𝑖 𝑐𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑓𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑐𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑎 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒 𝑆/0.25 𝑦 𝑑𝑒𝑏𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑐𝑢á𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑝𝑎𝑔𝑎𝑟 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑐𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑎𝑠,
𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑎 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑠:
− 𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑎 𝑒𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑎 𝑝𝑎𝑔𝑎𝑟 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑐𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑎𝑠 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑏ó𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛
𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖ó𝑛 𝑎𝑙𝑔𝑒𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑐𝑎 … 𝐼
− ¿ 𝐸𝑠 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑜 𝑎𝑓í𝑛? . . 𝐼𝐼
− ¿ 𝐶𝑢á𝑙 𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑎 𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑝𝑜𝑟 15 𝑓𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑐𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑎𝑠? … 𝐼𝐼𝐼
− ¿ 𝑐𝑢á𝑙 𝑠𝑒𝑟í𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝑔𝑟á𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛? … 𝐼𝑉

− 𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑎 𝑒𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑎 𝑝𝑎𝑔𝑎𝑟 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑐𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑎𝑠 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑏ó𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛
𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖ó𝑛 𝑎𝑙𝑔𝑒𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑐𝑎 … 𝐼

𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑒𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑒𝑛 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑦 𝑙𝑎 𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒 ℎ𝑜𝑗𝑎𝑠,

𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑠
𝑓 𝑥 = 0.25𝑥
∀𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ → 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒 𝑥 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎 𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑒 ℎ𝑜𝑗𝑎𝑠 𝑎 𝑓𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑐𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑎𝑟
𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑡𝑜𝑑𝑜 𝑥 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑧𝑎𝑐𝑎 𝑎
𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑛ú𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑜𝑠.
 − ¿ 𝐸𝑠 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑜 𝑎𝑓í𝑛? … 𝐼𝐼

𝒇𝒖𝒏𝒄𝒊ó𝒏 𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒂𝒍: 𝒇𝒖𝒏𝒄𝒊ó𝒏 𝒂𝒇í𝒏:

𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑎 𝑐𝑢𝑦𝑎 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖ó𝑛 𝑎𝑙𝑔𝑒𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑜
𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥, 𝑠𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑚 𝑢𝑛 𝑛ú𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑒𝑟𝑎 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑒 0.
𝑆𝑢 𝑔𝑟á𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎, 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑙í𝑛𝑒𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑠𝑎 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑙 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑒𝑛, 0,0 .
𝐸𝑙 𝑛ú𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑚 𝑠𝑒 𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑚𝑎 𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒.
𝐿𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖 𝑚 > 0, 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖 𝑚 < 0.
𝑈𝑛𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑎𝑓í𝑛 𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑎 𝑐𝑢𝑦𝑎 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖ó𝑛 𝑎𝑙𝑔𝑒𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑐𝑎
𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑜 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑛, 𝑠𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑚 𝑦 𝑛 𝑛ú𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑠
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒 0. 𝑆𝑢 𝑔𝑟á𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑒𝑠 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑙í𝑛𝑒𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎.
𝐸𝑙 𝑛ú𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑚 𝑒𝑠 𝑙𝑎 𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒.
𝐸𝑙 𝑛ú𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑛 𝑒𝑠 𝑙𝑎 𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑙 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑒𝑛.

𝑓 𝑥 = 0.25𝑥 ≡ 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 ∴ 𝑒𝑠 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑙

− ¿ 𝐶𝑢á𝑙 𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑎 𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑝𝑜𝑟 15 𝑓𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑐𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑎𝑠? … 𝐼𝐼𝐼

𝑒𝑛 𝑓 15 → 𝑥 = 15
𝑓 𝑥 = 0.25𝑥
𝑓 15 = 0.25 15
𝑓 15 = 3,75 (𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠)
𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑓𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑐𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑎𝑟 15 ℎ𝑜𝑗𝑎𝑠 𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑆/3.75,
 − ¿ 𝑐𝑢á𝑙 𝑠𝑒𝑟í𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝑔𝑟á𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛? … 𝐼𝑉

𝑓 𝑥 = 0.25𝑥
𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑥, 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑦 ,
𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑙𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑛 𝑥
𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑜 (0) 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑜 (0)
𝑓 𝑥 = 0.25𝑥 𝑓 0 = 0.25𝑥
0 = 0.25𝑥 𝑓 0 = 0.25(0)
0.25𝑥 = 0 𝑓 0 =0
𝑥 = 0 → 𝑥 = 0. 𝑓(0) = 0 → 𝑦 = 0

1→𝑦
0.25 =
4→𝑥