PREFABRICATED BUILDINGS HYBRID CONSTRUCTION METHOD

-building that is constructed off-site at a climate-
controlled facility. They are manufactured using factory-
made units or “modules”. Then, the parts are delivered to
the building site and assembled, using cranes and other
construction machinery.
-method combines different techniques and
materials, and often makes use of prefabricated materials
for building. This method is also more flexible,
economical, and more efficient time-wise.

Advantages of Cast-in-Place
CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE 1. STRENGTH
-a technology of construction of buildings where walls and 2. INSULATION
3. VERSATILITY
slabs of the buildings are cast at the site in formwork. This
4. ADAPTABLITY
differs from precast concrete technology where slabs are 5. REINFORCEMENTS CAN BE ADDED
cast elsewhere and then brought to the construction site 6. NO SPECIAL MACHINERY NEEDED
and assembled.

Disadvantages of Cast-in-Place PRECAST CONCRETE

1. LABOR INTENSIVE -is a construction product produced by casting concrete in
2. FORMS MUST BE STRONG a reusable mold or "form" which is then cured in a
3. COSTLY controlled environment, transported to the construction
4. TAKES TIME TO BUILD site and maneuvered into place.
-employed in both interior and exterior applications, from
highway, bridge, and hi-rise projects to tilt-up building
construction.

Advantages of Precast Concrete Disadvantages of Precast Concrete

1. SAVES CONSTRUCTION TIME 1. HIGH INITIAL INVESTMENT
2. QUALITY ASSURANCE 2. TRANSPORTATION ISSUE
3. USAGE OF PRESTRESSED CONCRETE 3. HANDLING DIFFICULTIES
4. COST EFFECTIVE 4. MODIFICATION
5. DURABILITY 5. SENSITIVECONNECTION WORKS
6. AESTHETICS
7. SAFE CONSTRUCTION PLATFORM

FLAT SLAB DROP PANELS

is a two-way reinforced concrete slab that usually does -one sided or two-sided support system with sheer load of
not have beams and girders, and the slab being concentrated on the supporting columns
the loads are transferred directly to the supporting and a square slab.
concrete columns.

Advantages of Flat Slab Disadvantages of Flat Slab

1. FLEXIBILITY IN ROOM LAYOUT 1. The length of the section is medium.
2. REINFORCEMENT PLACEMENT IS EASIER 2. Not suitable for supporting brittle (masonry)
3. EASE OF FRAMEWORK INSTALLATION partitions
4. BUILDING HEIGHT CAN BE REDUCED 3. Use of drop panels may interfere with larger
5. LESS CONSTRUCTION TIME mechanical ducting
6. PREFABRICATED WELDED MESH 4. Critical middle strip deflection.
 7. MECHANICAL DUCTS ARE EASIER TO INSTALL 5. Greater thickness of slab.
TYPES OF FLAT SLAB
1. SIMPLE FLAT SLAB
- This slab is also called beam slab construction, so beams are
sometimes avoided in warehouses, offices, public halls, and
slabs are supported directly by columns.
2. FLAT SLAB WITH DROP PANELS
- The moments in the slab are higher near the column, so the
slab is thickened near the column by providing drops.
3. FLAT SLAB WITH COLUMN HEADS
- when it is required to resist higher shear forces at the column FLAT SLAB WITH COLUMN HEADS (diagram)
head, and there are higher bending moments, the
construction of a column head are many advantages.

FLAT SLAB WITH DROP PANELS (Diagram)

SIMPLE FLAT SLAB (Diagram)
 4. Flat slab with both Drop Panel and Column Head
- When the bending and shear forces extend beyond the
column head, we could provide the drop panels to cater to
the increase in the bending and shear stresses.
FLAT PLATE
-a two-way reinforced concrete framing system utilizing a
slab of uniform thickness, the simplest of structural
Flat slab with both drop
shapes.
panel and column head
(Diagram)

Advantages of a Flat Plate Floor System: Disadvantages of a Flat Plate Floor System:
1. does not demand any beam. 1. lateral load capacity is limted
2. use of no beams helps to have underfloor spaces 2. spans employed are medium length
and more service areas 3. Special reinforcement for shear is must
3. requires simple formwork. 4. Long-term deflection
4. a flat plate floor is minimum. 5. not a good choice for supporting partitions
5. Reduced depth of slab helps to increase the floor- 6. not a good choice to take up heavy loads
to-floor height of the building

RIBBED FLOOR SLAB
-consists of a floor slab, usually 50 to 100mm thick,
supported by reinforced concrete ribs (or joists). The ribs
are usually tapered and are uniformly spaced at distances
that do not exceed 750mm. The ribs are supported on
girders that rest on columns.
1. A two-way rib system with voids between the ribs
-obtained by using special removable and usable forms
(pans) that are normally square in shape.
2. two-way rib system with permanent fillers between
ribs
- produces horizontal slab soffits. The fillers may be of
hollow, lightweight or normal-weight concrete or any
other lightweight material.

Advantages of Ribbed slab Disadvantages of ribbed slabs

1. LGHTWEIGHT 1. Not suitable for heavy loads
2. DESIGN TO LONG SPANS 2. Thickness of slab is controlled
3. OFFER DESIGN BENEFITS 3. Formwork cost high
4. FLEXIBLE INSTALLATION 4. Electrical is difficult to install
5. SLABS ARE LIGHTER
6. THINNER DESIGN
 Waffle Slab types
1. Waffle slab with Solid Heads
2. Waffle slab with Band Beams
WAFFLE FLOOR SLAB
- It is a two-way joist slab system reinforced with
concrete ribs constructed in the perpendicular direction
of each other.

(1) (2)

LIFT SLAB
WAFFLE SLAB CONSTRUCTION METHOD is a precast method of construction of slab on the ground
1. IN-SITU and then lifting it to the structure.
2. PRECAST
3. PREFABRICATED

TOOLS USED IN LIFT SLAB SPANSTRESSED FLOOR SYSTEM

1. HYDRAULIC JACKS - A construction method which utilizes span-stress
2. LIFTING COLLARS prestressed T- Joist that can be used with filler blocks or
3. SHEER BLOCKS collapsible steel forms, or plywood forms.
4. BOND BREAKERS

SLIP FORM METHOD

TYPES OF SPANSTRESS FLOOR SYSTEM - technique is an alternative for conventional formwork
1. UNISPAN FLOOR SLAB system which helps in continuous vertical and horizontal
2. INTERSPAN FLOOR SLAB construction.
3. HOLLOW-CORE SLAB
4. DOUBLE TEE FLOORS
 Advantages of slip formwork
SLIP FORMWORK TYPES 1. HEIGHT
2. EARLY ASSEMBLY
1. VERTICAL SLIP FORMWORK 3. MONOLITHIC CONSTRUCTION
2. HORIZONTAL SLIP FORMWORK 4. SPEED OF CONSTRUCTION
3. TAPERED SLIP FORMING 5. NO FORM TIES
4. CANTILEVER SLIP FORMING 6. NO REBAR BOLSTER
7. CONTINUOUS PROCESS
5. EGG-SHAPED SLIP FORMING 8. QUALITY FINISH
6. CONICAL SLIP FORMING 9. SAFETY
10. FLEXIBILITY
11. EASY TO STOP
12. STANDARD CONCRETE MIX
Disadvantages of Slip Form Method:
1. installation required a longer time. WALL PANEL SYSTEMS
2. Supervision by an expert IS MUST The exterior wall enclosure, or building envelope, is the
3. High initial expense. part of a building that must defend the interior spaces
4. additional steel temporary bracing to be against invasion by water, wind, sunlight, heat and cold,
provided. and all the other forces of nature.
5. Skilled workers in needed
6. Operate every weather
7. 24/7 construction

Design Requirements for the Exterior Wall Advantages of using Wall Panel System:
1. KEEPING WATER OUT 1. COST EFFECTIVE
2. CONTROLLING LIGHT 2. EASY TO INSTALL
3. CONTROLLING AIR LEAKAGE 3. MANY DESIGNS OPTIONS
4. CONTROLLING WATER VAPOR 4. IMMEDIATE REFRESHES A ROOM
5. HEAT RADIATION CONTROL 5. STRONG AND LONG LASTING
6. HEAT CONUCTION CONTROL 6. FIRE RESISTANT
7. SOUND CONTROL 7. ECO-FRIENDLY

Performance Criteria in the Selection of Wall Panel

Disadvantages of using Wall Panel System:
1. POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENT OF ROT
2. WARPING
3. LACKING IN SUSTAINABILITY
System:
• Wind loading
• Seismic design criteria
• Deflection criteria
• Air infiltration criteria
• Water test performance criteria
• Panel flatness criteria
• Panel tolerance criteria
• Thermal movement criteria
• Performance testing criteria
• Fire resistance ratings, if required
• Sound transmission criteria
• Insulation criteria
• Performance criteria for air and moisture barrier or “rainscreen”
eStylWall™ II Flat Wall System
combines architectural appeal with energy efficiency. It is
a factory-insulated flat wall system with a smooth
monolithic appearance. It features a patented design
pairing thermal spacer blocks and fiberglass insulation
with a vapor barrier that can achieve R-values up to R-
26.3.
2. RIBBED PANEL WALL SYSTEM
-this wall system is more economical than wood,
concrete or masonry alternatives.
-has ribs with sloping sides and usually forms trapezoidal-
shaped voids at the side lap.
1. They are less expensive to install and maintain
2. They are sustainable and widely used in architecture
3. They hold up well against fire, rain, and everyday wear
and tear 4. Longevity 5. They are visually appealing
3. Tuff Rib wall panels
- One of our most popular and affordable panels,
Tuff Rib is a jack-of-all-trades for metal wall
siding, and modernaccents.
Types of Wall Panel Systems:
1. FLAT WALL PANEL SYSTEM
- they use a concealed fastener system, so no
hardware is visible after installation, making for a
clean, uninterrupted finished product.
StylWall® II Flat Wall System
-creates a smooth clean appearance outside while
enhancing energy efficiency inside.
-It is a factory-insulated flat wall system with a smooth
monolithic appearance.
TYPES OF RIBBED WALL SYSTEM
1. Structural Box Rib
- this panel uses exposed fasteners, making for
simple and efficient installation.
2. Purlin bearing rib wall panel
- Also referred to as PBR
- It is one of the strongest panels that uses an
exposed fastener system on the market.
3. WALL TYPE WALL PANEL SYSTEM
- A curtain wall system consisting of preformed
metal cut stone, precast concrete or panelized
brick wall units, preglazed or glazed after
installation.
• Factory assembled
• Typical units are five to six feet wide.
• Fast and easy installation process
• Comprehensive construction system
• Components work in flexible combination
Types of Wall Panels in the Philippines:
1. POLYWALL EPS Lightweight Concrete Panel
- a lightweight, non-load bearing precast wall
panel, composed of calcium silicate cement
board with a mixture of cement, expanded
polystyrene (EPS), and sand, bonded together
using technical additives.
2. QUICKPANEL® Lightweight Concrete Wall Panel
Systems
- is a light weight, load bearing (800 psi) composite
wall, composed of cement, expanded polystyrene
(EPS), vibro sand, bonded together with Patent
Pending QuickPanel Additives and sandwiched in-
between SCG / Kalsi / HardieFlex SmartBoards.

Advantages of Using POLYWALL EPS Lightweight

Concrete Panel: 4. A window wall system is the typical product selected
1. FAST AND COST EFFICIENT when a building design calls for the structure to provide a
2. DURABLE distinct
3. LIGHT WEIGHT
separation between the floor levels.
4. FIRE RESISTANT
5. WATER AND MOISTURE RESISTANT
WINDOW TYPE WALL PANEL SYSTEM
6. ENERGY SAVING
7. SUPER THERMAL INSULATION AND SOUND - A window wall system is the typical product selected
INSULATION when a building design calls for the structure to provide a
8. SPACE SAVING distinct separation between the floor levels.

Alternative building refers to construction methods that Smart buildings

differ from mainstream modern architecture.
- Technology is changing each industry and construction
- Recently, popular housing materials, such as treated is no exception. Although there has been some resistance
lumber, synthetic insulation and certain paints (to name a to changes in current working practices, the need to
few) have been exposed as harmful to both the incorporate technology into everyday building and site
environment and the inhabitants of the houses. management has never been more important.
- With the ever-changing need for innovative building
design and sustainability, the construction industry is
going through significant and exciting changes.

Other Benefits of Using Wall Panel Systems:

• Energy efficient and highly durable
• protects against water intrusion
• Enhances energy efficiency and minimizes thermal
bridging
• Virtually unlimited opportunities for unique building
wall aesthetics
• Wall components customized to climate and design
considerations
• Trust and confidence in systems and materials
• Two layers of weather protection provide security and
confidence