GRAMMAR

AND
VOCABULARY
CRISTOFER NUÑEZ RIOS
 Unit 1A

EXAMPLES
Grammar

Agriculture
Art
I forget to tell you. Natural Sciences
Verb Patterns
Mary learns to play poker. Graphic Design

Luisa starts dancing when

Verbs that describe plans or Communications
she hears music.
intention are often followed by Education
I miss talking with you.
to infinitive Agriculture studies food
production.
Physics is one of the natural
sciences.

GRAMMAR VOCABULARY

academic subjects

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 Unit 1B
1. Used for Predictions
It will snow tomorrow. VOCABULARY
GRAMMAR She won't win the election.

Self-Management
2. Used for Scheduled Events
The concert will begin at 8 o'clock. build a positive attitude
When will the train leave?
take time to relax
Future Forms Used for scheduled events
set realistic goals

Will is used to make predictions or 3. Used for Promises

state future facts. The predictions Will you marry me? Don’t forget to take time to relax
may be based on an opinion. I'll help you with your homework after between tasks. Take a deep breath
class and do some stretches. It will help

you take your mind off the stress
4. Used for Offers
I'll make you a sandwich.
They'll help you if you want.

EXAMPLES
Grammar

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 Simple Present and
Present Continuous Unit 2A
The simple present is used for
EXAMPLES
talking about:
Grammar
• general truths
• things that happen all the time Simple present
or regularly It usually snows in the winter.
• permanent actions or situations She drinks coffee before
breakfast every morning. sociable

We live in an apartment. negative

The present continuous is used
Present continuous arrogant
for talking about: thoughtful
uncompleted actions or Our son is playing soccer. We're
realistic
watching him play.
events that are happening forgetful
She's teaching a violin lesson. Can
while the speaker is talking she call you back later? impatient
things that aren't happening We're looking for an apartment reserved
at the moment of speaking in the city. easygoing

but ar in progress He's living with his parents until

he finishes college.
situations that will only last VOCABULARY
for a limited time personality adjectives

GRAMMAR

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 Unit 2B
GRAMMAR
VOCABULARY
positive qualities
Relative clauses with who,
where, and that courage humor

honest generous
Who is used for people.
When a relative clause is used in a strength patient
He's the man who robbed the
sentence, the sentence is made of compassion responsibility
bank.
two clauses: the main clause and diligent confident
Where is used for places.
the relative clause.
This is the town where / grew up. He fert the responsability to work
Relative clauses give more That is used for things. for freedom in India.
information about a noun. This is the dress that I wore to the
She showed compasion by giving
Different relatives are used party.
her time to help others.
depending on the type of noun.

EXAMPLES
Grammar

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 GRAMMAR

Unit 3A
Simple past

The simple past tense

shows that an action The restaurant closed last VOCABULARY
happened in the past and Is year. feelings and emotions
I worked at an IT company two
completed.
years ago.

We paid for the food and sat frightened annoying
down to eat. depressing proud
I finished my work, then went embarrassing confused
downstairs to cook dinner. jealous fascinating

The baby was sleeping.

Past continuos We were driving to Grandma's My roommate keeps waking

house. me up in the morning. He’s
really annoying
The past continuous tense
shows that an action was EXAMPLES
happening over a period of Grammar
time, even though it is now
completed.

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 Present perfect with for and Unit 3B
since
The present perfect simple is
used to describe states that EXAMPLES
started in the past and are still Grammar
true now. The verb is usually a
stative verb or is in the Break down
He's loved music since he Bring up
negative. was a little boy. Call of
Since is used to indicate a I haven't visited my family Come across
certain point in time, such since last December. Find out
as a date, a time of day, or a She and I have been friends
Get over
for five years.
stage of life. They can’t find out their books
We haven't heard from him
For is used to indicate a for a while. My boss called up the meeting
length of time, such as a He was cleaning his car and
number of years, hours, or came across his keys
minutes.
VOCABULARY
phrasal verbs
GRAMMAR

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 Unit 4A

VOCABULARY
GRAMMAR
achievement (noun suffixes)

contribute challenge
Present perfect with just, yet, and
motivate accomplish
already attend discover
I've lost my car keys. (I don't have

them with me now.) produce reward
The present perfect expresses an I've forgotten how to find my way develop devote
action that happened in the past back. (Now I'm lost.)
We haven't eaten dinner yet I love to travel because I can
and has a result in the present. It
Have you gotten ready to go yet? discover new places and learn about
is often used for actions that different cultures. But in the end, the
happened recently. amazing people I get to meet while
traveling is what rewardme the
EXAMPLES most.
Grammar

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Present
Simple present
General truths
Actions that happen all the time
or regularly
Permanent situations
Scheduled future events
Present continuous
Actions that are happening right
now
Arrangements for events in the
future
Past
Simple Past
Actions that took place in the
past and are finished
Past continuous
Actions that were happening in the
past over a period of time but are
now completed
Unit 4B Examples
Plants grow in soil.
GRAMMAR
He walks to work every morning
Tense Review
I am talking on the phone with my
Future friend.
Be going to + base form
She stopped at the gas station after
Plans for future actions which
work.
are decided in advance
I was taking a shower when you
Predictions about future events
called.
based on present situations
She's going to buy a new which are
will/won’t + base form
decided in
Predictions about future events
car next week
Plans for the future which are
made at the moment I'll check my email and get back to
you.
Present perfect
He has traveled all around the
Present perfect simple
world.
Experiences one had in the past
She has already finished her
that are completed
homework.
Actions that happened at some
I've been working out a lot for the
point in the past and are recently
past year.
finished
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 Unit 4B
VOCABULARY

extreme sports equipment

goggles
cable
harness
life jacket
jumpsuit
gloves fins
parachute

This is scarier than I thought.

What if the Cable breaks?

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 Unit 5A

EXAMPLES
Grammar
Rules and permission: have
score
to, be allowed to throw
We have to do chores before tackle
pass
dinner. swing
shool
Have to expresses one's (because our parents told us to) dribble
You have to pay your fines or catch
obligation or requirement to knock out
you can't check out more books.
do something. It is usually
(because this is the library's
used for talking about a rule In baseball, the batting team can
policy)
Score a point by hitting the ball and
or a law.
running around the bases.

GRAMMAR VOCABULARY
sports verbs

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 GRAMMAR

Zero conditional Unit 5B

Conditional sentences have two

clauses: a main clause and an if
clause. In the zero conditional, the VOCABULARY
two clauses use verbs in the expressions related to games
simple present tense.
deal the cards
These sentences describe He gets angry if someone is late.
move your game piece
situations or statements that are He gets angry when someone is
late.
set up the board flip over a card
generally considered true. The if keep your cards hidden
If I'm not sure about something,
clause describes a real or I ask first. shuffle the cards
potential situation, and the main Task first if l'm not sure about roll the dice
clause describes its result. something. draw a card
The if clause can come either
before or after the main clause.
Place the ramaining cards face
When the if clause comes first, it is
down on the table. Then flip over
separated from the main clause EXAMPLES
a card
by a comma. When the main
clause comes first, no comma is
needed.

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