REMEDIAL YEAR 1
DIGITAL SOCIETY
Explain specific example / real life situation with respect to the concepts listed below
Concept
Change
Change in digital society is explored
and investigated by diverse
subjects, fields and professions,
such
as history, science and technology
studies (STS) and future studies.
30th AUGUST 2022
Possible questions to adapt and evolve 1 possible real-life situation (personal,
local or global)
(connect with 3Cs)
Concept, context, content
●Can we understand the future without understanding historical ● What is basically the future? The future can be
change? an improved version of present digital
technology. This shows that historical change
• Which is more important for understanding change: disruptions needed to be studied in order to create or build
and discontinuities the future. For example, digital society has
changed our way of preserving old valuable
or enduring patterns and trends? data. From storing in files and put in boxes in
the library to storing data in memory hardware
• How can events, trends or patterns in the present help us
devices, such as USB and external hard drive.
prepare for the future?
Forwarded to cloud computing technology that
• What role do individuals and/or institutions play in historical and allows us to upload data to be saved online and
future change? accessed easily.
● content : Data , context : Human knowledge
●What role do new technologies play in historical and future
change?

Expression
Expression in digital society is
explored and investigated by
diverse subjects, fields and
professions, such as media studies,
digital humanities,
communications, languages and
literature, the arts, film and art
history.
Identity
Identity in digital society is explored
and investigated by diverse
subjects, fields and professions,
such as psychology, cultural
studies, political science, social and
cultural anthropology, sociology
and philosophy.
Power
Power in digital society is explored
and investigated by diverse
subjects, fields and professions
●Does the form of expression determine its meaning? Is the
medium the message?
• What is most important for interpreting the meaning of an
expression or representation? An author, audience or user?
• What does it mean to say that an expression is performative?
• Are expression and power inseparable?
• Are there universal forms of expression or is all expression
contextual?
• What does it mean to say that digital media are convergent?
●Are identities socially constructed?
• Do non-humans have identities?
• How does someone’s identity influence how they understand the
world?
• What is the relationship between stereotypes and identity?
• Do we have the same identity online and offline?
• What does it mean to grow up? Have digital systems changed
what it means to grow up?
• Is privacy a core element of identity?
●How do we identify power in the world? Is power everywhere?
• What is the relationship between power and knowledge? How
do digital systems affect this relationship?
• What kinds of power do digital systems exert?
● Digital cameras (DSLR) existed after the era
of film cameras conquering the industry of
photography. Digital Camera allows users
to snap any photo digitally in the form of
JPG, TIF, PNG, and GIF without having the
need to buy film, which will add to the
user’s cost. This has brought the changes
for users to express things he/she saw, felt
and experiences during current time and
can be uploaded to social media.
● content : media , context : social
● Malaysia’s identification card which is
owned by Malaysian citizens has an
integrated circuit which carries information
about the owner. These magnetic IC
technology has eased the process of
registration in many utilities in our country,
such as government hospitals. Information
carried shows the identity of the owner
which proves that owners are able to be
treated as citizens.
● content : Data , context : health
● Schools have the power to upload students'
bad records as a punishment for the bad
behavior done by students. The data will be
kept as a reference to be accessed by any
education institutions. Students that have
such as global politics, social and
cultural anthropology. political
science, public policy, philosophy,
sociology and law.
Space
Space in digital society is explored
and investigated by diverse
subjects, fields and professions
such as mathematics, geography,
design, social and cultural
anthropology, immersive media,
sociology, architecture and urban
planning.
Systems
Systems in digital society is
explored and investigated by
diverse subjects, fields and
• How do digital systems enable the exercise of governmental,
institutional and/or
organizational power?
• What is the relationship between freedom, security and power?
How do digital
systems affect this relationship?
• To what extent does fairness and justice involve power? Do
digital systems enable or
constrain fairness and/or justice?
●How do people and communities organize space?
• How do digital systems construct different spaces?
• To what extent are hybrid spaces unique to digital society?
• How do borders, regions and/or zones change over time?
• How does space influence personal and group identity?
How is society organized? Is society a system or a group of
systems?
• How do digital systems contribute to the organization of society?
• How do digital systems help people, objects and/or ideas
bad records will be aware of his/her
mistakes and can redeem his mistakes
according to the instruction given by
school.
● content : Data and cloud computing ,
context : Institution
● Satellite navigation systems such as Global
Positioning System(GPS) , Google Maps and
Waze have bring benefits along with driving
technology which helps humans to know
their whereabouts and destination, plus
with the estimated time of arrival(ETA) and
cost of transportation. Safety and time-
efficiency have been implanted in a way
towards modern advances in
transportation.
● content : network and the Internet ,
context : transportation
● Domain creation or a portal of an
organization homepage such as
www.banting.km.edu.my , homepage to an
Kolej Mara Banting(KMB) is used to store
important data, news and announcements
professions such as sociology,
environmental systems and
societies (ESS), science and
technology studies (STS),
information science, computer
science and design.
• Systems thinking provides
powerful tools for understanding
human, natural and built
environments, and the role of
people and communities within
them.
circulate? to all staff, students and public. It also
facilitate registration and admission of
• Are social connections defined by competition or cooperation?
news students in KMB.
Do digital systems
● content : network and the Internet,
impact these connections?
● context ; education and institution
• Do digital technologies contribute to or challenge inequalities in
a system?
• What causes conflict in a system? How can conflicts be resolved?

Values and
Ethics
Values and ethics in digital society
are explored and investigated by
diverse subjects, fields and
professions such as ethics,
philosophy, world religions, law and
public policy.
●What is the distinction between values and ethics?
• Are values and/or ethics universal or contextual?
• What does it mean to ethically design digital systems? Who
decides and how?
• Does digital society require new ethical principles or values?
What is the difference between normative and applied ethics?
Which is more
important for evaluating the impact of digital systems?
• How do organizations convey ethical principles and/or values?
• Do the designers of digital systems have ethical obligations to
their users?
● Banning social media accounts had been
done to some accounts which severely
violated rules and morality of humans.
These punishments can either be detected
by its own system or reported by another
user, which has consent about the
violation. This way can helps humanity to
reduce parasitic and bad contents that can
give birth to lack of morality in order to
maintain the good morals.
● content : network and the internet ,
context : human wellness

• Is it possible for a digital system to be values neutral?

• What happens when different ethical frameworks are applied to

the same real-world
problem?