R. A.

9299 Republic of the Philippines June 25, 2004

NEGROS ORIENTAL STATE UNIVERSITY

NOHS (1907) I NOTS (1927) I EVSAT (1956) I CVPC (1983)

Kagawasan Ave., Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental, Philippines 6200

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE

Main Campus II, Bajumpandan, Dumaguete City 6200

AIR CONDITIONING DESIGN

In Partial Fulfillment of the Course

ME 432 A - AIR CONDITIONING & VENTILATION

Presented to:

Engr. Marilou S. Tomentos

Faculty

Presented By:

Agbon, Harthi D.

Sumael, Grazel Marl N.

BSME - IV

January 2023

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 ESTABLISHMENT PROFILE

Establishment: 1-storey Administrative building

Location: Sta. Catalina Science High School, Cawitan, Sta. Catalina, Negros Oriental

Occupancy: Maximum of 90 People

No. of floors: 1 floor

Area:157.5 m2

Type of Building: 1-Storey Administrative building

Number of Lights: 20

Door Type: Wooden

Wall Type: Concrete

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GROUND FLOOR PLAN

Scaling: 1:1 M

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AIR CONDITIONING DESIGN FACTORS
Heat Gained by Occupants

Maximum people that can occupy the building is 90. They could be seating, typing, standing, or a person

may be discussing in front of a group. Let’s assume that the building is at max capacity and everyone is

either seating, typing, and a person is discussing.

Activity Heat Gain, W Sensible Heat, %

Seated, Relax 60 49

Seated, Office Work 75 66

Computer Typing 80 58

Standing 90 49

Discussing 105 59

Table 1: Heat gain from occupant

Heat Gain by Occupants

Based on the activities, it is most likely that almost half of the occupants are typing, some are doing office

work,, a few are standing,while one is discussing, and thus, these activities are the bases of heat gain by

occupants.

q= (30 x 60) = 1800 watts

q= (10 x 75) = 750 watts

q= (43 x 80) = 3440 watts

q= (6 x 90) = 540 watts

q= (1 x 105) = 105 watts

Total = 6635 watts

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Sensible Heat by Occupants

q= (30 x 60 x 0.49) = 882 watts

q= (10 x 75 x 0.66 ) = 495 watts

q= (43 x 80 x 0.58) = 1995.2 watts

q= (6 x 90 x 0.49) = 264.6 watts

q= (1 x 105 x 0.59) = 61.95 watts

Total = 3698.75 watts

Heat Gained by Walls, Windows and Doors

Using formulas in heat transfer through plain walls.

q=k∆TAt
Where:

q = heat gained, W
k = thermal conductivity of the material, W/m-K
T= change in temperature, K
A =area of walls, m²
t = thickness, m

Building material specification:

Assumed outer and inner temperature: 32˚C and 23˚C

Wall: Concrete

Door: Wooden

Windows: Glass pane

Area: 157.5 m²

Internal heat sources: People (90), Lights (8)

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a. Heat Transfer of the walls:

Wall: A2 = 57.26 m²

t = 0.2 m (concrete) T=9K

k = 1.28 W/m-K (concrete)

q=1.28×9× (57.26) = 3298. 176 watts

0.2

b. Heat transfer by the floor:

Floor area is highlighted in yellow.

Floor: Area: 157.5 m²

t = 0.3 m (concrete) T=9K

k = 1.28 W/m-K (concrete)

q = 1.28×9× (157.5) = 6048 watts

0.3

c. Heat transfer of the ground floor ceiling.

Floor area is highlighted in yellow.

Floor: A2 = 157.5 m²

t = 0.2 m (concrete) T=9K

k = 1.28 W/m-K (concrete)

q = 1.28×9× (157.5) = 9072 watts

0.2

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d. Total Heat Transfer (doors)

Door 1: A = 1.89 m²

t = 0.05 m (Wooden)

T=9K

k = 0.113 W/m-K (pine wood)

q = 0.113×9× (1.89) = 38.4426watts

0.05

Since, all four(4) doors have the same area, the obtained wattage is multiplied by 4.

Therefore, the total heat transfer on the 4 doors is:

(38.4426 watts) x (4 doors) = 153.7704 watts

Internal Heat Gain from Lights

No. of light fixtures: 20

q = (lamp capacity) (Fu) (Fb) (CLC)

Where: Fu=utilization factor (fraction of installed lamps in use)

Fb= ballast factor of fluorescent lamps usually 1.2 for common fluorescent fixtures

CLC=cooling load factors for lightning

q = 21 (20) (1.2) (0.82) = 413.28 watts

Heat gained from appliances

Appliance Quantity Wattage Diversity Load

Desktop Computer 43 500 0.75 16125

Laptop 10 55 0.67 368.5

Printer 5 20 0.60 60

TOTAL HEAT GAINED 16,553.5 watts

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Heat Gained by Solar Energy through a Glass Window

The Building is exposed to sunshine throughout the day, specifically from 7:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. The

formula below is used to calculate the heat acquired by solar energy through glass during the period the

wall and window are exposed to sunlight.

Use Formula: qsg=A (SHGF) (SC) (CLF)

qsg= solar energy passing through a window, W

A= area, m² exposed to sun = 7.700 m²

SHGF= solar heat gained factor for a single sheet of clear glass, W/m²-K

SC= shading coefficient

CLF= cooling load factor

q =7.700(26.2) (1.28) (0.58) = 149.7718 watts

Since, there are 5 windows on the side exposed to the sun: 149.7718 x 5 = 748.859 watts

There are a glass windoms above the four (4) wooden doors which are exposed
also to the sunlight
q= 0.27m² (26.2) (1.28) (0.58) = 5.251738 watts,
Since there are 4 doors, (5.251738 watt) x (4 doors) = 21.0069 watts

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SUMMARY OF CALCULATED LOADS
TOTAL SENSIBLE HEAT

Total Sensible Heat (Qs) = (Heat transmitted thru floors, ceilings, walls) + (Occupant's body heat) +

(Appliance & Light heat) + (Solar Heat gain thru glass) + (Infiltration of outside air)

Sensible Heat of Occupants 10,333.75 watts

Heat Gained by Walls, Window and 18,571.9464 watts

Door
Solar Heat Gain thru a glass Window 769.8659watts

Internal Heat Gain from Lights 413.28 watts

Sensible Heat from appliances 16,553.5 watts

TOTAL SENSIBLE HEAT 46,642.3423 watts

TOTAL LATENT HEAT

Total Latent Heat (Moisture-laden outside air from Infiltration & Ventilation) +

(Occupant Respiration & Activities) + (Moisture from Equipment & Appliances)

Occupant Respiration & Activities 10,333.75 watts

Moisture-laden outside air from 30 watts

infiltration
TOTAL LATENT HEAT 10,363.75 watts

TOTAL REQUIRED THERMAL COOLING LOAD

Total Cooling Load QT = QS + QL = 57,006.0923 watts or 57.0060923 kW

Calculating the refrigerating capacity in Tons of Refrigeration (TR)

57.0060923 kW = 1 TR / 3.52 kw = 16.19491259 TR

With a refrigerating capacity of 16.19491259 TR, it is recommended to employ an air conditioning

system capable of handling this load, assuming the office is fully occupied.

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CONCLUSION
With a refrigerating load of 16.19491259 TR, it is recommended that an air conditioning system

that can withstand this load be used, assuming that the office is fully occupied. As a result, we, the

researchers, recommend using the Aircon Rentals 1PAC-0060 60kW Package unit

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 APPENDIX

Table 2. Cooling Load Factors (CLF) for lightning

Hours after Fixture X, Hours of Fixture Y, Hours of

lights are operation operation
turned
on 10 16 10 16

0 0.08 0.19 0.01 0.05

1 0.62 0.72 0.76 0.79

2 0.66 0.75 0.81 0.83

3 0.69 0.77 0.84 0.87

4 0.73 0.80 0.87 0.89

5 0.75 0.82 0.90 0.91

6 0.78 0.84 0.92 0.93

7 0.80 0.85 0.93 0.94

8 0.82 0.87 0.95 0.95

9 0.84 0.88 0.96 0.96

10 0.85 0.89 0.97 0.97

11 0.32 0.90 0.22 0.98

12 0.29 0.91 0.18 0.98

13 0.26 0.92 0.14 0.98

14 0.23 0.93 0.12 0.99

15 0.21 0.94 0.09 0.99

16 0.19 0.94 0.08 0.99

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 17 0.17 0.40 0.06 0.24

18 0.15 0.36 0.05 0.20

Fixture X: recessed lights, not vented, supply and return air registers below the ceiling of through

the ceiling space and griller.

Fixture Y: vented or free hanging lights; air registers below or through the ceilings, return air registers

around the fixtures and through the ceiling space.

Table 3. Sensible-Heat Cooling Load Factors for People

Hours after Total Hours in Space

Entry 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

1 0.49 0.49 0.50 0.51 0.53 0.55 0.58 0.62

2 0.59 0.59 0.60 0.61 0.62 0.64 0.66 0.70

3 0.17 0.66 0.67 0.67 0.69 0.70 0.72 0.75

4 0.13 0.71 0.72 0.72 0.74 0.75 0.77 0.79

5 0.10 0.27 0.76 0.76 0.77 0.79 0.80 0.82

6 0.08 0.21 0.79 0.80 0.80 0.81 0.83 0.85

7 0.07 0.16 0.34 0.8 0.83 0.84 0.85 0.87

8 0.06 0.14 0.26 0.84 0.85 0.86 0.87 0.88

9 0.05 0.11 0.21 0.38 0.87 0.88 0.89 0.90

10 0.04 0.10 0.18 0.30 0.89 0.89 0.90 0.91

11 0.04 0.08 0.15 0.25 0.42 0.91 0.91 0.92

12 0.03 0.07 0.13 0.21 0.34 0.92 0.92 0.93

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13 0.03 0.06 0.11 0.18 0.28 0.45 0.93 0.94

14 0.02 0.06 0.10 0.15 0.23 0.36 0.94 0.95

15 0.02 0.05 0.08 0.13 0.20 0.30 0.47 0.95

16 0.02 0.04 0.07 0.12 0.17 0.25 0.38 0.96

17 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.10 0.15 0.21 0.31 0.49

18 0.01 0.03 0.06 0.09 0.13 0.19 0.26 0.39

Table 5. Thermal Conductivity

Material Thermal Conductivity (W/m

K)
Brick, common (Building brick) 0.621

Brick, fire 0.47

Brick, insulating 0.15

General concrete 1.28

Concrete, light 0.1-0.3

Concrete, stone 1.7

Concrete, medium 0.4-0.7

Cement 0.29

Glass 1.05

Glass, window 0.96

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References:
https://www.ijsr.net/archive/v7i3/ART2018997.pdf
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_thermal_conductivities
https://www.aircon.com.au/products/reverse-cycle/60kw-package-unit/

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