Introduction

• The concept of engineering has existed since ancient

times as humans devised fundamental inventions such
as the pulley, lever, and wheel.
• These inventions are consistent with the definition of
engineering: using basic mechanical principles to
develop useful tools and objects.
AHU • Evidence that engineering was practiced more than
Mining Engineering Department 4,500 years ago.

Introductory Engineering
‫ﻣﺪﺧﻞ ﻟﻠﮭﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬
Prof. Dr Hani M. Alnawafleh Dr Hani Alnawafleh 2

History of Engineering History of Engineering

• The history of engineering can be divided into 1. Ancient age 3000 BC –600 AD
several overlapping eras.
• The distinction among the eras is somewhat fuzzy.
2. Middle age 600-1600
– It is difficult to specify clear boundaries among the 3. Renaissance age 1600 -1700
eras.
– This is due to the fact that engineering is developed
4. Industrial age 1700-1945
in sequence and in parallel. 5. Electronics age 1945-1990
– New products are developed from old ones.
6. Information age 1990 -Present
– However, the beginning of an era is usually
symbolized by a breakthrough invention.

Dr Hani Alnawafleh 3 Dr Hani Alnawafleh 4

1. Ancient age 2. Middle age

3000 BC –600 AD 600-1600
• Ancient engineers and craftsmen worked mainly by • Significant contribution to mechanics and control.
trial and error. – Cylinders and Pumps (Taqi Al-Din)
• Examples of their work: – Castle Clock (Al-Jazari)
– The wheel – Crank-connecting rod system for water-raising machines

– Road Systems (Rome) • Wind Power

– The Hanging Gardens (Babylon) • Water Management and Hydraulic Technology
– The pyramids (Egypt) • Dam Construction
– The Great Wall (China) • Chemical and Optical sciences
– Petra (Jordan)

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3. Renaissance age 4. Industrial age
1600 -1700 1700-1945
• Many basic engineering and scientific principles Industrial Revolution
and laws were formulated. – Power run-factories, railroads, and mass production
– Innovative engineering-like drawings (Da Vinci) • Steam engine (Watt and Savery)
– Earth orbits the sun (Galileo) • Electric Battery (Volta)
– Principia and three laws of motion (Newton) • Electromagnetics and induction (Faraday / Maxwell)
– Barometer (Pascal) • Telephone (Bell)
• Electric light (Edison)
– Material Strength (Hooke)
• Radio (Macroni)
– Watch springs and pendulum clocks (Huygens)
• Automobiles mass production (Daimler and Ford)
• Airplane (Zeppelin and Wright)
Dr Hani Alnawafleh 7 Dr Hani Alnawafleh 8

5. Electronics age 6. Information age

1945-1990 1990 -Present
• Research and development boomed after World • The rise of the computer technology
War II • Personal Computers
– Transistor (Shockley) • Internet
– First large digital computer (Aiken) • Cell phones
– First nuclear reactor (Fermi) • Bio-technology
– Television • Turbojet and rocket engines
– Aeronautic engineers turned the ancient dream • Atomic and nuclear power utilization
of flight into a travel convenience for ordinary • Advanced materials
people.
– Control engineers accelerated the pace of
automation
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21ST CENTURY
We are here !!!

Dr Hani Alnawafleh 11