Science, Technology and Society (GECC 105a)

Prepared by:
Sir Arnel Celestino
Faculty, Biology Program, College of Arts and Sciences
Introduction to Science, Technology and Society

What comes into your mind when hear “SCIENCE”?

 Introduction to Science, Technology and Society

Science – originated from the Latin word,

“scientia” which means knowledge

Describes the systematic and methodical

activity of building and organizing
knowledge about how the universe
behaves through observation,
experimentation or both
From Clipart Library
 Observatio
n
• Science is the most structured way
of understanding the natural world Conclusion Question

• Remember the Scientific Method?

Analysis Hypothesis

Experiment
 Discovery of ANTIBIOTIC - PENICILLIN

• Let’s make this as an example, I believe everyone

knows about antibiotics – medicine used to treat
bacterial and fungal infections but not viral
diseases

• Alexander Fleming discovered the organism that

can suppress the growth of bacteria when he SAW
an unusual petri dish/ glassware in his experiment
on bacterial isolates from sore throat or boils.
Alexander Fleming
• He discovered a “MOLD” or fungi inside the petri dish and observed that the
bacteria did not grow or touch the area with mold

• This is where he hypothesized that the mold can stop the growth of bacteria
 What is our undertaking in this story?

• Fleming used the scientific method to explain what really

happened on what he observe from his experiment

• Of course, he rerun many trials and replicates to make

sure that this discovery is accurate, precise and valid.

• From his conclusion, we are now enjoying the benefits of

his discovery of antibiotics to treat human and animal
bacterial infections
• Technology originated from the
Greek word, “techne” which
means art, skill, or cunning of hand

• It is the body of skills and

knowledge that man uses to
control and modify the world
Advancement of Science and Technology

• Main reason of man to pursue development and progression of science

and technology is to achieve better lives not just for the present time
but also for the future generations of the world

Abacus Scientific Calculator

Plow used in Ancient Egypt Tractor Plow

Compound Microscope
 Science and Technological Developments have DRAWBACKS
• Digital Platforms help to communicate
virtually and fast dissemination of information,
however, there is a risk for data privacy and
widespread of misinformation

• Machines for mass production can generate

cost-effective products, however, it can create
low quality products and may pose potential
loss of jobs
Uprising of Science, Technology and Society

• Preparation for the students to respond

critically, reflectively, and proactively to the
challenges posed by science and technology
at present-day situation

• Result of questions about science and

technology's dynamic interaction with various
aspects of society
Some emerging ethical dilemmas and policy issues in science
and technology for 2020 From John J. Reilly Center for Science,
Technology and Values at the University of Notre Dame

• Pseudoscience of Skincare
– Society significantly cares for their
appearance
– Involves with skin care marketing
without clinical trials
• Student Tracking Software
– Issue of stalking
– Issue on personal information privacy of students

• Deep fakes (Photo/Video Manipulation)

– Application of “deep learning” of computers can
generate hard-to-identify fakes

• Artificial Intelligence (AI) for Hiring

– Assessment of applicants are not properly filtered
– Machine may decide if the applicants are right for a
position
HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

• Focuses on how science and technology

have transitioned across time and what
are the interconnections of the present
gadgets to the ancient devices

• Discuss the impacts of scientific and

technological innovations throughout
history
 HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

• Antecedent - defined as a precursor

to the unfolding or existence of
something

• These are stepping stones that lead

to the advancement of advance,
complex and sophisticated scientific
and technological innovations today
 ANCIENT PERIOD - Developments in Science and Technology

• The timeline where it allowed

civilizations to flourish by finding
better ways of communication, Modern Ages
transportation, self-organization,
and living in general.
Middle Ages

Ancient Period
ANCIENT PERIOD - Developments in Science and Technology
• ANCIENT WHEEL
– There is unknown evidence to whom or when it was invented

– However, general agreement that the ancient wheel grew out of a mechanical
device called the potter's wheel

– It is a heavy flat disk made of hardened clay which was spun horizontally on
axis

– The shifting of the potter's wheel to a 90-degree

angle for the purpose of transportation or the wheel
was reinvented for this purpose
• PAPER

 Ancient Egyptians began writing on PAPYRUS (similar

to a thick paper made from pith/ stem of papyrus
plant)

 Advantage of this are lightweight, strong, durable,

and portable unlike the prior and difficult writing on
stone

 Because of this documentation and record-keeping

became efficient and widespread and information
dissemination became exponentially faster
• SHADOOF

 Early tool used for irrigation

 It is a hand-operated device used for

lifting water using counterweights

 Because of this irrigation and farming

became much more efficient

 Consider as precursor of more

sophisticated irrigation tools
 MIDDLE PERIOD - Developments in Science and Technology
• The period of steady increase
of new inventions, the
introduction of innovations in
traditional production, and
the emergence of scientific
thinking and method.
HEAVY PLOUGH

• This invention introduced the agricultural

revolution that increase the crop yield and
agricultural practices

• It made the fields incorporated with the

heavy, fatty, and moist clay soils (since it is
more fertile than other soil types but
difficult to cultivate due its heavy weight);
But because of this invention, clay soils can
now be cultivated
GUNPOWDER

• This invention led for more advanced warfare

and combat purposes

• This is to remind us that science and

technology can harness beneficial or harmful
effect to the society since this is the time
where war prevails due to socio-economic or
geo-political issues and problems
PAPER MONEY
• Before the introduction of paper money, precious
metals, such as gold and silver were used as currency

• The first paper money were not successful due to Gold coin used in Ancient Time
society’s preference

• However, traders and merchants eventually realized

the huge advantage of using paper money because it
was easier to transport around compared to the
previous forms of currencies. Paper Money in Silk Road Era
MECHANICAL CLOCKWORK

• Development of mechanical clocks

paved the way for accurately keeping
track of time

• Because of this clockwork technology,

it established the labor patterns and
employment working hours
 MODERN AGES - Developments in Science and Technology
• As the world population steadily increased,
this period give the utmost importance of
increasing the efficiency of transportation,
communication, and production

• This is the age where industrialization takes

place without any risk assessment for human
health, environment and food safety
 Magnifying Inventions
• MICROSCOPE • TELESCOPE

• Important scientific invention in the • Important technological invention

study of medicine, tissue analysis,
in the study of astronomy and
forensics and genetics, and invented
by Zacharias Janssen invented by Galileo Galilei
 Engine-Powered Airplane

• The invention of the engine-powered aircraft is

credited to Orville Wright and Wilbur Wright

• They scientifically designed and crafted the

airplane and this success pioneered the age of
powered flights

• Knowledge of aerodynamics and understanding of

aircraft wings became stepping stone for the
modernization of aircraft technology
TELEVISION
• The invention of the modern television is
credited to John Logie Baird

• Though it was criticized at first due to not-so

perfect pictures and frames

• However, progress and development of this

invention advanced the technology for better
pictures and additional features which we are
now using for daily use
INVENTIONS BY FILIPINO SCIENTISTS
• Do you believe that we, Filipinos, are born to be scientists,
inventors and innovators?

• We have a quite history in our science and technology that

appealed to our unique social and cultural context

• We will now discover some of the Filipino scientist that carved

their names in our Philippine history and some social issues
E-JEEPNEY
• This was invented as response to criticisms to
the traditional jeepney that belched smoke,
directly causing air pollution which made it
unsustainable and uneconomical

• This was more economical to use electricity

than those utilize diesel fuel, which can
provide more income for the drivers
ERYTHROMYCIN
• This type of antibiotic was found out by Abelardo
Aguilar from a bacterial strain, Streptomyces erythreus

• Like the case of several other local scientists, he was

not credited for this discovery by Eli Lilli Co, his US
employer, to whom he sent the bacterial strain for drug
derivation. The US company eventually owned the
merits for this delivery
MEDICAL INCUBATOR
• This invention was credited to Fe del Mundo, first
woman pediatrician to be admitted to the prestigious
Harvard University's School of Medicine and founder of
the first pediatric hospital in the country

• Her passion to her work and outstanding service to our

country was remarkable which she was awarded the
Ramon Magsaysay Award
MEDICAL INCUBATOR
• Her improvised incubator consisted of two native
laundry baskets of different sizes that are placed one
inside the other. Warmth is generated by bottles with
hot water placed around the baskets. A makeshift hood
over the baskets allows oxygen to circulate inside the
incubator.

• Her invention addressed the state of Philippine rural

communities that had no electricity to aid the
regulation of body temperature of newborn babies.
MOLE REMOVER

• The mole remover from cashew nut extracts

(Anacardium occidentale) was credited to
Rolando dela Cruz

• This formulation has the ability to easily

remove moles and warts on the skin without
the need for any surgical procedure
BANANA KETCHUP

• The use of local ingredient (banana) as substitute

for tomato in ketchup making was credited to
Maria Orosa

• The history for this invention was about the

shortage of tomatoes during the World War II

• Because of being creative and resourceful, she used

banana, vinegar, sugar and spices and artificial red
dye to resemble the commercial tomato ketchup
 SALT LAMP

• This lighting device was credited to a young Filipina

inventor, Aisa Mijeno

• This SALt (Sustainable Alternative Lighting) lamp utilizes

a material abundant in the Philippines as well as eco-
friendly - the saltwater

• It is considered safer option as it poses no risk of fire

and emits no toxic gases
 MOSQUITO OVICIDAL/LARVICIDAL TRAP SYSTEM

• Department of Science and Technology - Industrial

Technology Development Institute (DOST-ITDI)
introduced mosquito Ovicidal/Larvicidal Trap System,
also known as the OL Trap

• This is invented as response to rampant Dengue

outbreaks due to high mosquito population particularly
rainy season

• This system is made of natural ingredients that are lethal

to mosquitos but safe for humans and the environment