foaYk wxl ( 04

m¾fhaIK ie<eiaula ms<sfh, lrkafka flfiao@ (How to Write a Research

Design?)

ixhq;sh
1' m¾fhaIKfha f;audj fyj;a ud;Dldj
2' ye`Èkaùu
3' m¾fhaIKfha jeo.;alu
4' m¾fhaIKfha wruqKq
5' m¾fhaIK .eg¨j
6' l%ufõoh
6'1 m¾fhaIK fCIa;%h
6'2 uQ,dY%
6'3 ksheÈ f;dard .ekSu
6'4 ,sÅ; uQ,dY% wdY%fhka lrk m¾fhaIK
6'5 o;a; /ia lsÍfï l%u
6'6 o;a; ilia lsÍu yd úYaf,aIKh lsÍu
6'7 m¾fhaIKfha iSud
7' úu¾Yk
8' ksnkaOfha wdlD;sh
9' wdYs%; .%ka: $ weuqKqï $ §¾> Wmqgk

 ´kEu lghq;a;l id¾:l;ajh i`oyd ukd f,i ixúOdkh ùu wjYH fõ' m¾fhaIlhl= ;u
m¾fhaIKh wdrïN lrkafka ie,eiaula ilia lsÍu u.sks' tl’ ie,eiau wkq.ukh lsÍu u.ska
uekúka tl’ lghq;a; ksud lsÍug u. ie,fia'

 m¾fhaIK ie,eiaula iïmdokh lsÍu läkïj" idys;H .fõIKhlska f;drj" ;ud wOHhkh lsÍug
n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk m¾fhaIK fCIa;%h ms<sn|j fmr úuiqug ,la fkdlr" wdjdg .shdg
isÿl< hq;= lghq;a;la fkdfõ' th b;d j.lSulska l< hq;a;la jk fyhska m¾fhaIK l%u
úoHdj ms<sn|j .%ka: iy wod< fCIa;%h iïnkaOj fuf;la ,sheù we;s idys;H mßYS,kh

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 lr tu oekqu weiqfrka iy m¾fhaIK fCIa;%h ms<sn| wjfndaOfhka hq;=j m¾fhaIK
ksnkaO ie,eiau ilid .ekSu jeo.;ah'

 m¾fhaIK ie,eiaula ms<sfh, lsÍfï§ my; i|yka lreKq we;=<;a jk mßÈ th ilia úh
hq;=h'

01'm¾fhaIKfha f;audj fyj;a ud;Dldj (Them / Topic)

m¾fhaIK f;audj ixCIsma; úh hq;=h' th §¾> yd jHdl+, tlla ùfuka ;uka woyia lrk
f;audj meyeÈ,sj úoHudk fkdfõ' ;jo ksjerÈ ixl,am Ndú;h b;d jeo.;ah' fï i|yd
m¾fhaIlhd ;ud wOHhkh lrk m¾fhaIK fCIa;%hg wod< ixl,am ms<sn|j ukd
wjfndaOhla we;s lr.; hq;=h' tl,ayS m¾fhaIlhdg meyeÈ,s ixl,amhla oDYHudk fõ'
f;audfõ .e,mSu ksjerÈ yd fhda.H úpd,dka;r iïnkaOhlska hqla; ùu wjYHh' ud;Dldfõ
jHdlrK yd wCIr úkHdih ksjerÈùu wjYHh' th Ydia;%Sh NdIdfjka bÈßm;a l<
hq;=h' wfkla w;g f;audj iajlSh úIh fCIa;%hg Rcqju wod< úh hq;=h' tu f;audfjka
fhdað; m¾fhaIKh ljr úIh fCIa;%hlg wh;a o hkak .uHudk ùu o jeo.;ah'

02' ye`Èkaùu (Introduction)

;ud úiska isÿ lsÍug hkq ,nk wOHhkh ms<sn`oj ye`Èkaùula fuys§ m¾fhaIlhd
úiska l< hq;= fõ' fuu ye`Èkaùu Wfoid m¾fhaIlhd mq¿,a mrdihla ;=< meyeÈ,sj
lreKq fm< .ei’ula isÿ l< hq;= jkafka ;udf.a wOHhkh ms<sn`oj ksrjq,a wjfndaOhla
th lshjk mdGlhd fj; ,nd o’u i`oyd fõ' wfkla w;g ;ud wOHhkh lrkafka l=ulao@
hkak ms<sn`oj meyeos,s wjfndaOhla m¾fhaIlhd ;=< u we;sùu o m¾fhaIKfha
id¾:l;ajhg ux mEfoa' fï ish,a, imqrd .ek’u Wfoid m¾fhaIK fhdackdj,shg
ye`Èkaùula ,sùu w;HjYH fõ' fyd`Èka wOHhk lafIa;%h .ek ,shejqKq m; fmd;
mßYS,kh lsÍfuka fuh isÿ lsÍu wjYHjk w;r tu.ska ;ud wOHhkh lsÍug wfmalaId
lrkafka l=ulao@ hkak .ek úia;r jkafka h' fuys§ ;u m%Odk úIh ;=< lskï Wm úIhlg
wh;a jkafkao@ ;u wOHhkh wh;a jkafkao@ hk j. úia;r úh hq;af;a h'

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03' m¾fhaIKfha jeo.;alu (Significance of the Study)

ó<`.g m¾fhaIlhd úiska fuu m¾fhaIKfha jeo.;alu ms<sn`oj meyeÈ,s l< hq;= fõ'
tkï ;ud fuu f;audj f;dard .ekSu Wfoid fufyh jQ idOl fudkjdo@ tu ud;Dldfõ we;s
iqúfYaIS jeo.;alu l=ulao@ fujka wOHhkhla lsÍfuka udkj úoHd úIh idys;Hhg yd
±kqu j¾Okh lsÍug isÿ lrk odhl;ajh l=ulao@ wÈ jYfhka lreKq myod,Sula l< hq;=
fõ' tu.ska ;u wOhhkhg jákdlula we;s jk w;ru fujeks m¾fhaIKhla Wfoid ork jEhu
idOdrKSlrKh lsÍug m¾fhaIlhd iu;a fõ'

04' m¾fhaIKfha wruqKq (Objectives)

m¾fhaIK .eg¨jg wkqj úi|d,sh hq;= nqoaêuh lreKq is; ;ndf.k m¾fhaIKfha wruqKq
ilia lr.; hq;=h' fuys§ m%Odk wruqK fukau Wm wruqKq o m¾fhaIlhd meyeÈ,sj
y÷kd.; hq;=h' meyeÈ,s f,i b;d ixCIsma;j wruqKq f.dkq lsÍu b;d jeo.;ah' ;ud ksr;
ld¾;jHfha wruqKq meyeÈ,s l,ay’ jvd;a id¾:l wjidkhla lrd m¾fhaIlhdg t<öug yels
fõ'

05'm¾fhaIK .eg¨j (Research Problem)

m%YakjdÖ f,i hï lreKla bÈßm;a lsÍu fyda WmkHdihla f.k yer oelaùu fyda
ÿmam;alu" ishÈúkid .ekSu wd§ iudc m%Yakhla oelaùu fyda m¾fhaIK .eg¨j
fkdjkafkah' m¾fhaIK .eg¨jla hkq wm ;=< mj;akd ;d¾lsl nqoaêuh .eg¨jls' tu.ska hï
lreKla" ixisoaêhla" iajNdjhla ms<sn|j mj;akd m¾fhaIKd;aul jeo.;alulska hqla;
lreKla fyda ,CIKhla fyda úp,Hdka;r iïnkaO;d ms<sn| u;jd§ jHdl+,;ajhla
fyda ;¾lhla m%ldY úh hq;=h' tu ksid m¾fhaIK ud;Dldjla fukau .eg¨jla
f.dvk.d .ekSfï§ wod< idys;H úu¾Ykh b;d jeo.;ah'

m¾fhaIK .eg,qjlg kso(-

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 m<sfndaO kdYl Ndú;h yd ridhksl fmdfydr Ndú;h u.ska ms<sld" jl=.vq frda."
fldf<iagfrda,a" wê reêr mSvkh jeks iqj l< fkdyels fnda fkdjk frda. je<f`ok njg
fidhd f.k ;sfí' fuu jeo.;a fidhd .ek’u i`oyd YS% ,dxl’h úoHd{hka fmruqK .ekSu
f,dal m%cdjf.a mjd Tjqka meiiqug ,laj ;sfí' YS% ,xldfõ o b;d by< w.hla .kakd fuu
frda. je<`§fï m%jk;dj jeäùug m<sfndaO kdYl Ndú;h yd ridhksl fmdfydr Ndú;h
fya;= ù we;s njg wm úoHd{hka ksr;=rej fmkajd foñka ta ms<sn`oj mq¿,a
idlÉPdjla iudch ;=< wo jk úg ks¾udKh lr ;sfí' fï i`oyd úl,am ls%hd ud¾.hla f,i
ldnksl fmdfydr Ndú;fha yd m<sfndaO kdYkfha idïm%odhsl ±kqu fhdod .ek’fï
jeo.;alu ms<ssn`oj o TõyQ wjOdrKh lr;s' tfy;a YS% ,dxlsl f.dúyq fï lsisjla fkdi<ld
yßñka m<sfndaO kdYl Ndú;h yd ridhksl fmdfydr Ndú;h b;d by< w.hlska
hq;=j ;jÿrg;a ls%hd;aul lr;s'

tfiakï ñksiqkaf.a Ôú; wjOdkfï fy<k fuu fi!LH úoHd;aul m%Yakh ms<sn`oj fidhd
ne,Su ukd m¾fhaIK .eg¨jla fõ' th wmg fuf,i f.dvk`.d .; yelsh'

m<sfndaO kdYl yd ridhksl fmdfydr Ndú;h ñksidg b;d wk;=reodhl nj f.dúhka

okakd jqj;a" tajd Ndú;d lsÍug ;jÿrg;a Tjqka fm<fUkafka wehs@

06' l%ufõoh (Methodology)

m¾fhaIK .eg¨jg wod<j f.dvke.+ wruqKq idOkh lr.ksñka tlS .eg¨j úoHdkql+,
f,i úi|d .kakd wdldrh m¾fhaIK l%ufõofhka oelafõ' tneúka l%ufõoh" m¾fhaIK
ie,eiafï b;du jeo.;a wx.h jkafkah' fï hgf;a wmf.a wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;=
wxY .Kkdjla ;sfí'

6'1 m¾fhaIK fCIa;%h

fï hgf;a ;u m¾fhaIKh ljr fCIa;%hl isÿ lrkq ,nkafkao@ hkak úia;r l<
hq;=h' ;u wOHhkh Wfoid o;a; /ia lr.kakd wOHhk lafIa;%h ms<sn`oj
mQ¾K úia;rhla iemhSu jeo.;a fõ' tys N+f.da,’h msysàfuka wdrïN lr
ck.ykh" mjq,a ixLHdj" Tjqkaf.a ;;a;ajh" há;, myiqlï" fjk;a fN!;sl iïm;a"
iajdNdúl iïm;a" wd¾Ól ls%hdj,sh" ixj¾Okh úh hq;= wxY wdÈ jYfhka

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 iuia;h ms<sn`oju mq¿,a úia;rhla iemhSu u.ska m¾fhaIlhd wOHhkh
lrkafka l=uk iajNdjfha m¾fhaIK lafIa;%hla ms<sn`ojo@ hkak
mdGlhdg wjfndaO fõ'

6'2 uQ,dY%

iajlSh m¾fhaIKhg uQ,dY% jk ,sÅ; yd w,sÅ; ish¨ uQ,dY% ms<sn|

lreKq fuys§ f.k yer oelaùu jeo.;ah' fjk;a f,ilska olajf;d;a ;u m¾fhaIKh
i`oyd WmldÍ jk uQ,dY% ;ud fidhd hkafka flf,il±hs@ ixlaIsma; úia;rhla
m¾fhaIlhd úiska f.yer mE hq;=h' tu.ska m¾fhaIlhd ish m%d:ñl yd
oaù;Sh uQ,dY% /ialr .kafka flfia±hs@ wmg wjfndaO fõ'

6'3 ksheÈ f;dard .ekSu

iuia; ck.ykhu m¾fhaIKhg Ndck l< fkdyels neúkao" tjekakla wjYH

fkdjk neúkao ksheÈ f;dard.kq ,efí' tys§ ;ud f;dard .ekSug woyia
lrkq ,nkafka ljr .Kfha ksheÈhlao@ hkak;a tu ksheÈ j¾.h f;dard .ekSug
n,mE fya;= idOl;a i|yka l< hq;=h' m¾fhaIK iajNdjh wkqj ksheÈ j¾.h
fjkiajk ksid ;u m¾fhaIKhg f;dard .;a ksheÈh tu m¾fhaIKh i`oyd iqÿiqu
ksheÈh úh hq;= fõ'

6'4 ,sÅ; uQ,dY% wdY%fhka lrk m¾fhaIK

we;eï m¾fhaIK fCIa;%hg fkdf.dia ,sÅ; uQ,dY% wdOdrfhkau

isÿlrkq ,nk tajdh' tjeks m¾fhaIKj,§ ;udf.a m¾fhaIKh ,sÅ; uQ,dY%
mßYS,kfhka muKla isÿ lrkq ,nkakla nj i|yka l< hq;=h' tyso’ ;ud Ndú;d
lrk uQ,dY% ms<sn`oj úia;rhla bÈßm;a l< hq;= w;r tu uQ,dY% ;ud
úiska imhd .kakd wkaou meyeÈ,s l< hq;=h'

6'5 o;a; /ia lsÍfï l%u

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 o;a; /ia lsÍfï l%u w;=frka ;udf.a m¾fhaIKh Wfoid fhda.H lskï l
%uhlao@ th f;dard .kafka wehso@ hkak m¾fhaIlhd ish ksnkaO
ie,eiafï§ úia;r l< hq;=h' m¾fhaIKfha iajNdjh yd wruqK wkqj o;a; /ia
lsÍug fhda.H jk úúO l%u we;'

6'6 o;a; ilia lsÍu yd úYaf,aIKh lsÍu

úúO l%u ud¾.fhka tla/ia lr .ekSug wfmaCIs; o;a; hï ms<sfj,lg iliafldg

úYaf,aIKh lrk wdldrh m¾fhaIK ie,eiafï wka;¾.; úh hq;=h' fuys§ ;ud
hï ;dCIKsl l%uhla ^Wod ( mß>Kl uDÿldx. Ndú;h& Ndú;d lsÍug
wfmaCId lrkafka kï th i|yka lsÍuo m%fhdackj;ah'

6'7 m¾fhaIKfha iSud

iEu m¾fhaIKhlgu iSud ;sfí' iajlSh úIhhg wod<j m¾fhaIKh fufyh

jkafka ljr iSudjla olajdo@ hkako fukau" ie,ls,a,g .kakd fkd.kakd wxY
ljf¾o@ hkako ukdf,i oelaúh hq;=h'

07' úu¾Yk

m¾fhaIK j,§ ixCIsma; wod< idys;H úu¾Ykhla ie,eiafï l< hq;= jkafkah'
ish¨ ,sÅ; uQ,dY% o" úoHq;a udOH uQ,dY%h o fuys,d i|yka l< hq;=h' ,sÅ;
uQ,dY% i|yka lsÍfï§ wkq.uk l< hq;= iïu; l%uhg wkqj th isÿ úh hq;=h'

08' ksnkaOfha wdlD;sh

m¾fhaIK uQ,O¾u wkqj ksnkaOhl wka;¾.; úh hq;= lreKq we;=,;a jk fia

mQ¾jdlD;shla ilia lr .; yelsh' tjeks mQ¾jdlD;shl we;=<;a jk uQ,sl mßÉfþo
lSmhla i|yka l< yelsh' fuh mßÉfþolrKh kñkao ye¢kafõ' ta ta mßÉfþo u.ska ;ud

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 bÈßm;a lsÍug wfmaCId lrkafka lskï f;dr;=reoehs ixCIsma;j m¾fhaIlhd bÈßm;a
l< hq;=h'

09' wdYs%; .%ka: $ weuqKqï $ §¾> Wmqgk

úu¾Ykh lrk ,o" mßYS,kh lrk ,o ,sÅ; uQ,dY% ms<s.;a l%uhlg wkqj
bÈßm;a l< hq;=h'
m¾fhaIKfha l%ufõohg yd wka;¾.;hg wod< bÈßm;a l< hq;=u WOD; yd
fjk;a weuqKqï wdÈh wjidk jYfhka oelaúh hq;=h'

ls%hdldrlu
Tn leu;s ´kEu ud;Dldjla f;dard f.k wdo¾Y m¾fhaIK ie,eiaula ms<sfh, lrkak'