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Additional Solved Problems in Fluid Mechanics
Problem 22‐1
A cubical block of wood 0.100 m on a side and with a density of 550 kg⁄m floats in a jar of
water. Oil with a density of 750 kg⁄m is poured on the water until the top of the oil layer is
0.035 m below the top of the block. a How deep is the oil layer? b What is the gauge
pressure at the block’s lower face?
Fig. 22‐1 0.035 m
Solution:
a Let 1 oil 750 kg⁄m …… 1
0.100 m
2 water 1000 kg⁄m ……
2
– – ? 22.1
one equation, two
get a second equation with and
unknowns ,
According to Archimedes Principle
buoyant force of oil
weight of block buoyant force of water
22.2
mass of oil displaced …… mass of water displaced
22.2 ,
22.3
22.1
interested in inding eliminate to get … solve for
in eqs. 22.1 and 22.3 in 22.1 nd substitute in 22.3
22.1 – – – –
–
– –
–
– . .
–
0.04 in meters 22.4
for the height of the block immersed in oil, which is also the thickness or depth of the oil layer.
b To know the gauge pressure at the block’s lower face, its depth must first be determined.
22.4 – – 0.100 m – 0.035 m – 0.04 m 0.025 m
Since gauge pressure is defined relative to atmospheric pressure see Handout 19, p.8
∆ –
750 0.04 1000 0.025 9.8 539 in Pa
Problem 22‐2
Block , shown in Fig. 22‐2 on the next page, hangs by a cord from a spring balance and is
submerged in a liquid contained in beaker . The mass of the beaker is 1.00 kg; the mass
of the liquid is 1.80 kg. Balance reads 3.50 and balance reads 7.50 kg. The volume of
block is 3.80 10– m . a What is the density of the liquid? b What will each balance
read if block is pulled out of the liquid?
Solution:
Handout 22 [Phys. for Engs., 2nd Sem AY19‐20] … RMadridejos] Total of 4 pages Page 1
Recall the following designations:
block …… beaker …… unknown liquid ……
spring balance …… digital balance ……
Let system without no liquid in
system
Then
Fig. 22‐2
weight
Now, let 1 system only without spring balance
2 system with spring balance
Then
since
without buoyant force with buoyant force
Furthermore
upward buoyant additional downward , or in terms
force actibg on force exerted by on of mass
Archimedes
Principle
– weight of liquid displaced
– –
– 22.5
Similarly
– – – 22.6
Using the given values in this problem, we have the following:
3.50 kg …… 7.50 kg …… 3.80 10– m ……
1.00 1.80 2.80 22.7
Therefore, from eq. 22.6
– 7.50 – 7.50 – 22.8
Combining eqs. 22.7 and 22.8 , we get
2.80 7.50 – 7.50 – 2.80 4.70
4.70⁄ 4.70 3.80 10– 1.23684 10 22.9
From eq. 22.5
– – 3.50
–
3.50⁄ 3.50 3.80 10– 9.2105 10 22.10
To get in eqs. 22.9 and 22.10 , we eliminate by subtraction:
22.9 – 22.10 2 12.3684 10 – 9.2105 10 3.157 10 316
½ 316 158 in kg⁄m 22.11
which gives the density of liquid inside the beaker .
Adding 22.9 and 22.10 , we obtain :
2 12.3684 10 9.2105 10 21.5789 10 2158
½ 2158 1079 in kg⁄m 22.12
Handout 22 [Phys. for Engs., 2nd Sem AY19‐20] … RMadridejos] Total of 4 pages Page 2
which gives the density of the block immersed in the liquid. It’s mass is therefore
1079 3.80 10– 4.10 in kg 22.13
which should also be the reading that the spring balance would show if the block is pulled
out of the liquid. On the other hand, according to eqs. 22.7 and 22.13
2.80 4.10 2.80 6.90 in kg 22.14
should be the mass reading registered in the digital balance if the block is pulled out of the
liquid. Notice that 7.50 kg 6.90 kg as was mentioned earlier. Last but not
the least, substituting the result 22.11 in 22.8 , we get
7.50 – 7.50 – 158 3.80 10– 7.50 – 0.600 6.9
just like the one obtained in 22.14 .
Problem 22‐3
A large beer keg of height and cross‐sectional
area is filled with beer. The top is open to
atmospheric pressure. At the bottom is a spigot
opening area , which is much smaller than
. a Show that when the height of the
beer is , the speed of the beer leaving the spigot
is approximately 2 . b Show that for the
approximation , the rate of change of the
height of the beer is given by
– 2 ½
Fig. 22‐3
Handout 22 [Phys. for Engs., 2nd Sem AY19‐20] … RMadridejos] Total of 4 pages Page 3
Combining the results of the last two equations, we get
⁄ – 2 ⁄ – ⁄ 2 – ⁄ 2 ½
22.16
which gives the rate of change of height of the beer inside the container.
–½
c Multiplying 22.16 by , we obtain
–½
– ⁄ 2 –½
– ⁄ 2
½
½ 2 ½
– ⁄ 2 –
where we have included ½ in . Therefore