jkpo;ehL muR

Ntiytha;g;G kw;Wk; gapw;rpj;Jiw

gphpT : TNPSC Group II Njh;T

ghlk; : nghJj;jkpo; (,yf;fpak;)
gFjp : kuGf; ftpijfs;

fhg;Ghpik

jkpo;ehL muRg; gzpahsh; Njh;thizak; F&g; - 2 Kjy;epiy kw;Wk; Kjd;ik

Njh;TfSf;fhd fhnzhyp fhl;rp gjpTfs;> xypg;gjpT ghlf;Fwpg;Gfs;> khjphp Njh;T
tpdhj;jhs;fs; kw;Wk; nkd;ghlf;Fwpg;Gfs; Mfpait Nghl;bj; Njh;tpw;F jahuhFk;
khzt> khztpfSf;F cjtpLk; tifapy; Ntiytha;g;G kw;Wk; gapw;rpj; Jiwahy;
nkd;nghUs; tbtpy; jahhpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,k;nkd;ghlf; Fwpg;GfSf;fhd fhg;Ghpik
Ntiytha;g;G kw;Wk; gapw;rpj; Jiwiar; rhh;e;jJ vd njhptpf;fg;gLfpwJ.

ve;j xU jdpegNuh my;yJ jdpahh; Nghl;bj; Njh;T gapw;rp ikaNkh

,k;nkd;ghlf; Fwpg;Gfis ve;j tifapYk; kWgpujp vLf;fNth> kW Mf;fk; nra;jplNth>
tpw;gid nra;Ak; Kaw;rpapNyh <LgLjy; $lhJ. kPwpdhy; ,e;jpa fhg;Ghpik rl;lj;jpd;
fPo; jz;bf;fg;gl VJthFk; vd njhptpf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,J Kw;wpYk; Nghl;bj;
Njh;TfSf;F jahh; nra;Ak; khzth;fSf;F toq;fg;gLk; fl;lzkpy;yh NritahFk;.

Mizah;>
Ntiytha;g;G kw;Wk; gapw;rpj; Jiw
 kuGf;ftpijfs;
Kbaurd;:
,aw;ngah; - JiuuhR
Ch; - nghpaFsk; (Njdp khtl;lk;)
ngw;Nwhh; - Rg;guhaY, rPjhyl;Rkp
fhyk; - 07-10-1920 Kjy; 1998 tiu
,aw;wpa E}y;fs; - G+q;nfhb, fhtpag;ghit,tPufhtpak;, Kbaurd; ftpijfs;,
Cd;WNfhy;
rpwg;G ngah;fs; - jpuhtpl ,af;ff; ftpQh;

rpwg;Gfs;:
 ghujpjhrd; guk;giu jiyKiwf; ftpQh;fSs; %j;jth; - Kbaurd;.
 G+q;nfhb vd;w fhtpaj;Jf;fhf 1966 y; jkpof murpd; ghujpjhrd; ghpR ngw;wth;
- Kbaurd;.
 jkpof murpd; ghpir ngw;w E}y; - Kbaurd; ftpijfs;.
 jkpo; tsh;r;rpf; fofj;jpd; ghprpid ngw;w E}y; - G+q;nfhb fhtpak;.
 Nghh;ths;> Fapy;> fjputd; Kjyhd ,jo;fspy; Kbaurd; ftpijfs;
ntspte;jd.
 nghd;dp ,jopy; Kbaurd; ftpijfs; ntsp te;jjhy; ghujpjhrd; guk;giu vd
miof;fg;gl;lhh;.
 jkpo; vd; nja;tk;> jkpo; vd; jha;> vd; je;ij> vd; fhjyp> vd; kfd; vDk;
jiyg;Gfspy; ftpij ,aw;wpath; - Kbaurd;
 gwk;G kiyapy; ele;j tpohtpy; Fd;wf;Fb mbfshy; ftpauR gl;lk; ngw;wth; -
Kbaurd;.
 ,sikapNyNa rhjpkWg;Gj; jpUkzk; nra;J nfhz;lth; - Kbaurd;.
 jkJ kiwtpd; NghJk; vr;rlq;Fk; nra;a Ntz;lhk; vd rlq;Ffis kWj;jth; -
Kbaurd;.
 fhiuf;Fb kPdhl;rp Re;judhh; cah;epiy gs;spapy; jkpohrphpauhf
gzpahw;wpath; - Kbaurd;.
 Kbaurdpd; ftpijfis ,e;jpapYk;, Mq;fpyj;jpYk; nkhopngah;j;J ntspapl;l
mikg;G - rhfpj;jpa mfhlkp.
 ghujpjhrDld; neUq;fpg; gofp mtUila Kw;Nghf;F vz;zq;fis
Vw;Wg;ghbath; - Kbaurd;.
 je;ijg; nghpahh;> NguwpQh; mz;zh MfpNahhplk; neUq;fpa el;G nfhz;lth; -
Kbaurd;.
 gz;bj kzp> fjpNurd; nrl;bahiug; gw;wp Kbaurd; vOjpa ehlfk; -
Cd;WNfhy;.

Page 1
 jkpo; ,yf;fpak;;

 Rit GjpJ, nghUs; GjpJ> mopahj Nrhjp kpf;f etftpij vd;W

miof;fg;gLtJ - Kbaurdpd; kWkyh;r;rp ghly;fs;.

Kbaurd; Fwpj;j GfOiu:

 jkpo; ehl;bd; thdk;ghb vd mwpQh; mz;zhthy; Gfog;gl;lth; - Kbaurd;.

Nkw;Nfhs;:
 “fhRf;Fg; ghLgtd; ftpQd; my;yd;
ifk;khW tpioe;Jg;Gfo; ngWjy;Ntz;b” -Kbaurd; ftpijfs;

 “Ml;rpf;Fk; mQ;rhky;, ahtNuDk;

Ms;fvdj; JQ;rhky;, jdJ ehl;bd;” - Kbaurd; ftpijfs;

 Mq;fpyNkh gpwnkhopNah gapd;Wtpl;lhy;

md;idj; jkpo; NgRjw;F ehDfpd;w
jPqF
; il kdg;Nghf;fu; thOk; ehl;by;
njd;gLNkh nkhopAzu;r;rp - Kbaurd;
 kztpidapy; jkpOz;Nlh
tha;gN
; gr;Rj; jkpOz;Nlh
tpztpidapy; jkpOz;Nlh - Kbaurd;

 “kPirf;Fk; $Of;Fk; Mirg;gl;L

Nky;tpOe;J ghLgtd; ftpQd; my;yd;” - Kbaurd; ftpijfs;

 md;id nkhop NgRtjw;F ehZfpd;w

jPqF
; il kdg;Nghf;fh; thOk; ehl;by;
njd;gLNkh nkhopAzh;r;rp? - Kbaurd;

 jkpoh; jpUehshk; ij Kjy; ehshk;

mkpo;njd ,dpf;Fk; nghq;fy; jpUehs; - Kbaurd;
 G+f;fpd;wkyh;fnyy;yhk; kyh;fs; my;y
Gjpatdha; tutnty;yhk; GJik my;y - Kbaurd;

 nrq;fjpuhy; jhkiufs; rphpj;jpUf;Fk;

Nrh;kjpahy; my;ypkyh; tha;rphpf;Fk; - Kbaurd;

 taYf;F tug;nghd;Wk; Ntz;lhk; vd;why;

tsf;fiufs; Mw;Wf;F Ntz;lhk;

 fly; Rke;jhs;, kiyRke;jhs;, fhd; Rke;jhs;

fhy;eilfs; gy Rke;jhs; - Kbaurd; (kdpjidj; NjLfpd;Nwd;)

Page 2
 jkpo; ,yf;fpak;;

thzpjhrd;

,aw;ngah; - vj;jpuhrY (v) muq;frhkp

Ch; - GJitia mLj;j tpy;ypaD}h;
ngw;Nwhh; - muq;f jpUf;fhK, Jsrpak;khs;
fhyk; - 22 - 07 - 1915 Kjy; 07 - 08 - 1974 tiu
,aw;wpa E}y;fs; - Foe;ij ,yf;fpak;, jkpo; gpnuQ;R ifafu Kjyp,
vopNyhtpak;, jkpor;rp, nfhb Ky;iy, jPh;j;jahj;jpiu,
,d;g ,yf;fpak;, nghq;fy; ghpR, ,uT tutpy;iy,
rphpj;j Ezh, ,dpf;Fk; ghl;L, vopy; tpUj;jk;, Foe;ij
,yf;fpak;, njhLthdk;> fhL> ghl;L; gpwf;Fklh
rpwg;G ngah;fs; - ftpQNuW, ghtyh;kzp, jkpofj;jpd; Nthh;l;]n ; th;j;>
ukp
rpwg;Gfs;:
 ghNte;jh; ghujpjhrdplk; njhlf;ff; fy;tp fw;wth; - thzpjhrd;.
 jkpo; - gpuQ;R ifafuKjyp E}iy ntspapl;lth; - thzpjhrd;.
 gpnuQ;R FbauRj; jiytuhy; nrthypah; tpUJ ngw;wth; - thzpjhrd;.
 thzpjhrdpd; ghly;fs; cUrpaj;jpYk; Mq;fpyj;jpYk; nkhopngah;f;fg;
-gl;Ls;sd.
 ghujpjhrd; guk;giu vd miof;fg;gLk; ghtyh; jiyKiwapy; tUgth;-
thzpjhrd;.
 rhfpj;jpa mfhlkp ntspapl;;l jkpo; ftpijf; fsQ;rpaj;jpy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;s
ghly;fs; - thzpjhrd; ghly;fs;.
 njd;nkhopfs; Gj;jf ntspaPl;Lf; fofk; ntspapl;;l> GJjkpo;; ftpkyh;fs; vDk;
E}y;fspy; ,lk; ngw;wit -thzpjhrd; ghly;fs;.
 Fw;wpaYfu xypia Kjd; Kjypy; ctikahf ifahz;lth; - thzpjhrd;.
 34 Mz;Lfs; jkpohrphpauhfg; gzpahw;wpath; - thzpjhrd;.

Nkw;Nfhs;:-
 “jiyrPtpg; gs;spf;Nf XL - ey;
jq;fg; gJikahk; Njhoh;fNshL ! ” - thzpjhrd; (nka;g;nghUs; fy;tp)

 “fw;gpg;Nghh; fz;nfhLg;NghNu - me;jf;

fzf;fhah; ciuapy; ,Unrtp NrNu” -thzpjhrd; (nka;g;nghUs; fy;tp)

 Nehf;flh fPo; thdk; jq;f fhl;;lhW Ez;Kfpy;fs;

Mf;fpa moif fhz Mapuk; fz;fs; Ntz;Lk; - thzpjhrd;

 md;G tsh;e;jhy; miyfly; #o;

ek;ehl;by; Jd;gkpy;iy - thzpjhrd;

Page 3
 jkpo; ,yf;fpak;;

Rujh

,aw;ngah; - ,uhrNfhghyd;
Ch; - gioaD}h; (ehif khtl;lk;)
ngw;Nwhh; - jpUNtq;flk;, nrz;gfk;
fhyk; - 23 - 11 - 1921
,aw;wpa E}y;fs; - Njd;kio, JiwKfk;, RtUk; Rz;zhk;Gk;, Rujhtpd;
ftpijfs;, rhtpd; Kj;jk;, cjl;by; cjL, gl;lj;jurp,
thh;j;ij thry;, vr;rpy; ,uT, Kd;Dk; gpd;Dk;
rpwg;G ngah;fs; - ctikf; ftpQh;> jd;khd ftpQh;> ftpQh; jpyfk;
tpUJfs; - fiykhkzp gl;lKk;, ghNte;jh; tpUijAk; ngw;Ws;shh;

rpwg;Gfs;:

 ghujpjhrd; kPJ nfhz;l md;gpdhy; jk; ngaiu Rg;Guj;jpdjhrd; vd

khw;wpf;nfhz;lth; -Rujh.
 Rg;Guj;jpdjhrd; vd;gjd; RUf;fNk Rujh MFk;.
 ghujpjhrdpd; jiy khzhf;fh;fspy; xUth; - Rujh.
 ghf;fspNy nrhy;yha;Tf;F tpj;jpl;lth; - Rujh.
 ,th; elj;jpa ,jo;fs; - fhtpak;, ,yf;fpak;, Ch;tyk;, Rukh.
 fhtpak; vd;gJ Kjy; ftpij ,jo; MFk;.
 Rujhtpd; rhfpj;jpa mfhlkp tpUJ ngw;w E}y; - Njd;kio.
 jkpof murpd; jkpo; tsh;r;rp tpUJ ngw;w E}y; - Njd;kio.
 jkpof ,ay; ,ir ehlfkd;wk; toq;Fk; fiykhkzp gl;lk; ngw;wth; - Rujh
 gd;dUk; jkpo; ghtyUf;nfy;yhk; jiyikg; ghtyh; vd miof;fg;gLgth; -
Rujh.
 jkpof muR toq;Fk; ghNte;jh; epidTg; ghprpid Kjypy; ngw;wth; - Rujh.
 jpj;jpf;Fk; jkpopNy Kj;J Kj;jha; ghly; nra;jth;- jpUts;Sth; vdf; $wpath;
Rujh.
 ghk;ngy;yhk; G+kpiaNa ghjkhfg;
gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;Sfpd;w fhuzj;jhy;
Nrhfk; juhjtd; mNrhfd;; - Rujh

 ghk;Gf;F ghjk;G+ vdg; ngahpl;lth; - Rujh

 mk;kp mk;kp miuj;jpl cjTk; fy;iy mk;kpf;fy; vd;fpNwhk; - Rujh
 rpf;fdk; vd;w jiyg;gpy; Rujh ,aw;wpa ghly; 8Mk; cyfj; jkpo; khehl;L
kyhpy; ,lk;ngw;wJ.

Nkw;Nfhs;:
 Ky;iyf;Nfhh; fhLNghYk;

Page 4
 jkpo; ,yf;fpak;;

Kj;Jf;Nfhh; flNyNghYk;
nrhy;Yf;Nfhh; fPud;NghYk;
J}Jf;Nfhu; njd;wy;NghYk;
ftpijf;Nfhh; guzh;NghYk;
tpy;Yf;Nfhh; XupNghYk;
tpsq;fpdhh;> ntd;whh;> epd;whh;
-kiwkiy mbfis ctikahy; Rujh ghuhl;baJ

 ciueilapd; rpf;fdk; jhd; ftpij

Xq;Fk; czh;r;rpfspd; rpf;fdk;jhd; mlf;fk; - Rujh

 goe;jkpo; fw;wy; ,d;gk;, gyehL Rw;wy;,d;gk; - Njd;kio - Rujh

 fw;wth; Kd;jhk; fw;w, fy;tpiaf; $wy;,d;gk; - Njd;kio - Rujh

 ,ul;il fpstp Nghy; ,ize;Nj thOq;fs; gphpe;jhy; nghUspy;iy - Rujh

 tpidr;nrhw;fs; Ntw;Wikia Vw;gjpy;iy

ntWk; ghl;il jkpo;r; rq;fk; Nrh;g;gjpy;iy - Rujh

fz;zjhrd;

,aw;ngah; - Kj;ijah
Ch; - rpW$ly;gl;b (rptfq;if)
ngw;Nwhh; - rhj;jg;gd;, tprhyhl;rp
fhyk; - 24.06.1927 Kjy; 17-10-1981 tiu
,aw;wpa E}y;fs; - 5000 f;Fk; Nkw;gl;l jpiug;gl ghly;fs;, Ml;ldj;jp
Mjpke;jp, khq;fdp, fy;yf;Fbkfhfhtpak;,
VRf;fhtpak;, ,uhrjz;lid, Mapuk;jPT
mq;faw;fz;zp, Ntyq;Fb jpUtpoh, Nrukhd; fhjyp,
mh;j;jKs;s ,e;Jkjk;, rpq;fhhp ghh;j;j nrd;id.

rpwg;G ngah;fs; - fhiuKj;Jg;Gyth;, tzq;fhKb, ghh;tjpehjd;,

MNuhf;fpaehjd;, fkfg;gphpah, ftpauR,
rpW$ly;gl;bapd; ghl;Lg; gwit> MNuhf;fpa rhkp>
Jg;ghf;fp.

 Mrphpah; - Nryk; khtl;lk; ryfz;lGuk; (ryq;if) gh.fz;zd;

vd;w ehlf Mrphpahpd; jhrd;.

Page 5
 jkpo; ,yf;fpak;;

 ,jo;fs; - njd;wy;, jpiu, rz;lkhUjk;, Ky;iy, fz;zjhrd;,

fbjk;, jkpo;kyh;, Nkjhtp, jpUkfs;> jpiuxsp Kjypa
,jo;fis njhlq;fpdhh;.

 kidtpfs; - 1. nghd;dk;khs; 2. ghh;tjp 3. ts;spak;ik

rpwg;Gfs;:

 nja;thid Mr;rpahy; ehuhazd; vd;w ngauhy; jj;njLj;J tsh;f;fg;gl;lth; -

fz;zjhrd.;
 mkuhtjp GJ}h; FUFyj;jpy; cs;s Xh; cz;b ciwtplg;gs;spapy; Vohk; tFg;G
tiu gbj;j ftpQh; - fz;zjhrd;.
 jkpof murpd; ,uz;lhtJ muritf; ftpQuhfg; gjtp tfpj;jth; -
fz;zjhrd;.
 fz;zjhrdpd; rhfj;jpa mfhlkp tpUJ ngw;w E}y; - Nrukhd; fhjyp Gjpdk;.
 mz;zhkiyaurh; epidT ghprpidg; ngw;wth; - fz;zjhrd;.
 goe;jkpo; ,yf;fpaj;jpd; caph;rhuj;ij vy;yhk; jk;ghl;by; vLj;Jf;$wpath; -
fz;zjhrd;.
 fk;gh; mk;gpfhtjp tuyhw;iw itj;J fz;zjhrd; gilj;j ehlfk; -
,uhrjz;lid.
 goe;jkpo; ,yf;fpaj;jpd; caph; rhuj;ijnay;yhk; jkJ ghly;fs; topNa gug;gpath;
- fz;zjhrd;
 fz;zjhrid jpiug;glj;Jiwf;F mwpKfg;gLj;jpath; - ,af;Feh; uhk;ehj;.
 fz;zjhrdpd; Kjy; jpiuapirg; ghly; -fsq;fhjpUkdNk- fs;tdpd; fhjyp.
 fz;zjhrdpd; ,Wjp jpiuapirg; ghly; - fz;Nz fiykhNd - %d;whk; gpiw.
 fij trdk; vOjpa jpiug;glk; - ,y;yw N[hjp.
 ftpijfs; - VO njhFjpfs;.
 jpiuapirg; ghly;fs; - Ie;J njhFjpfs;.
 khq;fdp-jpUr;rp rpiwapypUe;jNghJ vOjpa Kjw; fhtpak;.
 ml;ldj;jp Mjpke;jp - fhjy; fhg;gpak;.
 ,NaR fhtpak; - ,Wjpahf vOjpa E}y;> ,J xU fhg;gpa E}y;.
 = fpU\;zftrk; - gf;jpg;ghly;.

ghpRfSk; ghuhl;Lk;:
 jiyrpwe;j ghlyhrphpaUf;fhd kj;jpa murpd; Njrpa tpUjpid 1969 y;
ngw;Ws;shh;.
 Kd;dhy; Kjyikr;rh; M.G.,uhkr;re;jpud; mth;fshy; jkpof murpd; muritf;
ftpQh; gl;lk; 1978-y; toq;fg;gl;lJ.
 1979-y; mz;zhkiyahh; epidTg; ghprpid ngw;whh;.

Page 6
 jkpo; ,yf;fpak;;

 Nrukhd; fhjyp vDk; ehtYf;fhf 1979-y; rhfpj;a mfhlkpapd; tpUjpidg;

ngw;whh;.
 fhjy; jj;Jtk;> ,aw;wkpo; ftpij ghLtjpy; ty;yth;.
 tdthrk;> kdthrk; vd;W ,U njhFjpfspy; Ratuyhw;iw gilj;Js;shh;.
 rptfq;if khtl;lk; fhiuf;Fbapy; fz;zjhrDf;F kzpkz;lgk;
mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

Nkw;Nfhs;:

fz;zjhrdpd; ftpijfs;

 nre;jkpo; nrhy;nyLj;J ,ir njhLg;Ngd;

tz;zr; re;jj;jpNy ftpij ruk; njhLg;Ngd;

 fjph;ntbj;J gpok;Gtpof; fly;nfhjpj;J #Nlw;w

 moFnja;tk; nky;y nky;y mbnaLj;J itj;jNjh

 vy;yhUk; vy;yhKk; ngwNtz;Lk; -,q;F

,y;yhik ,y;yhj epiyNtz;Lk;

 “ehd; epue;jukhdtd; moptjpy;iy

ve;j epiyapYk; vdf;F kuzkpy;iy” - fz;zjhrd;

 khw;wk; vd;gJ khdplj; jj;Jtk; - fz;zjhrd;

 ‘tPLtiu cwT tPjptiu kidtp

fhLtiu gps;is filrptiu ahNuh”

 Nghw;Wthh; Nghw;wl;Lk; GOjpthhpj; J}w;W}thh; J}w;wl;Lk; - fz;zjhrd;

 fl;lw;W thdpNy jto;fpd;wfhw;wpidf; ifJ nra;jhU kpy;iy - fz;zjhrd;

 jl;bd;wp itafk; je;jNjhh; chpikiaj; jil nray; KiwikahNkh;

- fz;zjhrd;

 mbikfs; vq;nfyhk; ,Ug;gpDk; md;dth;f; fhde;jk; jUt Njhh;ehs;

- fz;zjhrd;
 FbfSk; nkhopfSk; ,dq;fSk; gy;tif FtpAkpf; fz;l Kw;Wk;
- fz;zjhrd;

Page 7
 jkpo; ,yf;fpak;;

 tho;f;if vd;why; Mapuk; ,Uf;Fk;

thry; NjhWk; Ntjid ,Uf;Fk; - fz;zjhrd;

 gRik epiwe;j epidTfNs ghbj; jphpe;j gwitfNs - fz;zjhrd;

 ‘rhNt cdf;nfhU ehs; rhT te;J NruhNjh...

nja;tNk cz;ikahk; Njk;gp moitahNkh” - NeU ,we;jNghJ ghbaJ

cLkiy ehuhaz ftp

,aw;ngah; - ehuhazrhkp
fhyk; - 25-09-1899 Kjy; 23-05-1981 tiu
Ch; - cLkiyg; Ngl;il (jpUg;G+h; khtl;lk; G+tpiothb)
ngw;Nwhh; - fpU\;zrhkp> Kj;jk;khs;
,aw;wpa E}y;fs; - jpiug;gl ghly;fs;, ehlf vOj;jhsh;
rpwg;G ngah;fs; - gFj;jwpT ftpuhah;> fiykhkzp> ftpthzh;> nghpahh;
ngUe;njhz;lh;
Mrphpah; - Kj;Jr;rhkp ftpuhah;

rpwg;Gfs;:
 fiythzh; vd;.v];. fpU\;zdhy; jpiu cyfpw;F te;jth;.
 rq;fujh]; Rthkpfsplk; ahg;gpyf;fzk; fw;wth; - cLkiy ehuhazftp.
 kfhftp ghujpahhpd; el;gpw;Fg; gpd;G rKjhag; ghly;fisg; ghbath; - cLkiy
ehuhazftp.
 je;ij nghpahh;> NguwpQh; mz;zh> ghNte;jh; ghujpjhrd; Nghd;w jpuhtpl
,af;f jiyth;fSld; neUq;fpa el;G ghuhl;bath; - cLkiy ehuhazftp.
 rPhj; pUj;jf; fUj;Jf;fis Kjd; Kjypy; jpiug;gl ghly;fspy; GFj;jpath; -
cLkiy ehuhazftp.
 “mth; Nfhl;il ehd; Ngl;il” vd;W gl;Lf;Nfhl;il fy;ahz Re;juj;ij
ghuhl;bath; - cLkiy ehuhazftp.
 ehl;Lg;Gwg; ghly; nkl;Lfisj; jpiug;glj;jpw;F mwpKfk; nra;jth; - cLkiy
ehuhazftp.
 jpUf;Fws; fUj;Jf;fis kpFjpahf gad;gLj;jpath; - cLkiy ehuhazftp.
 jpiug;glg; ghly;fis tUzidia tpl;L fUj;ij Nehf;fp efh;j;jpath; -
cLkiy ehuhazftp.
 ghgehrk; rptk;> fz;zjhrd; MfpNahUf;F ,ilg;gl;l fhyj;jpy; Gfo;
ngw;wpUe;jth;.
 gj;jhapuk; ghly;fSf;F Nky; vOjp> ftpuhah; vDk; gl;lk; ngw;wth; - cLkiy
ehuhazftp.

Page 8
 jkpo; ,yf;fpak;;

Nkw;Nfhs;:

cLkiy ehuhazftp ghly;fs;:

 “nedr;rij vy;yhk; vOjp tr;rJ me;j fhyk;”- cLkiy ehuhazftp

 ‘NghfhNj NghfhNj vd;fzth

nghy;yhj nrhg;gdk; ehDq; fz;Nld;” - fl;lnghk;kd; $j;J

 ‘ngz;fis ek;ghNj fz;fNs

ngz;fis ek;ghNj” - J}f;Fj; J}f;fp
 ‘fhNy[; gbg;G fhg;gp Mj;Jjhk;
gp.V. gbg;G ngQ;R Jilf;Fjhk;” - vq;f tPl;L kfhyl;Rkp

 ‘,g;gbj;jhd; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; nghk;gNs

,q;fpyPR gbj;jhYk; ,e;jj; jkpo;ehl;bNy” - tptrhap

 ‘Fw;wk; Ghpe;jtd; tho;f;ifapy;

epk;kjp nfhs;tnjd;gJ VJ” - uj;jf; fz;zPh;

 ‘tpz;NzhL nfhQ;Rk; fiyaoNf ,iraKNj” - Gijay;

 ‘gl;lze;jhd; Nghfyhkb - nghk;gNs

gzq;fhR Njlyhkb”

 Rk;kh ,Ue;jh Nrhj;Jf;F el;lk;

Nrhk;gy; tsh;j;jhy; Vw;gLk; f\;lk;

GfOiu:
 3.12.2008-y; ,e;jpa mQ;ry; Jiw rhh;ghf 500 fhRfs; mQ;ry; tpy;iy
ntspaplg;gl;lJ.
 jkpof murpd; rhh;ghf cLkiyg; Ngl;ilapy; kzpkz;lgk; mikf;fg;gl;lJ.

gl;Lf;Nfhl;ilf; fy;ahz Re;juk;

Ch; - nrq;fg;gLj;jhd;fhL - gl;Lf;Nfhl;il (jQ;rhT+h;

khtl;lk;)
fhyk; - 13-04-1930 Kjy; 08-10-1959 tiu
ngw;Nwhh; - mUzhr;rydhh;> tprhyhl;rp
rpwg;G ngah;fs; - kf;fs; ftpQh;> ghl;lhspf; ftpQh;> ghly; Nkij

Page 9
 jkpo; ,yf;fpak;;

rpwg;Gfs;:

 ciof;Fk; kf;fspd; Jauq;fisAk;> nghJTilikr; rpe;jidfisAk;> jdJ

ghly;fspd; %yk; gug;gpath; - gl;Lf;Nfhl;il fy;ahzRe;juk;.
 jpuhtpl ,af;fj;jpYk;> fk;A+dprf; Nfhl;ghLfspYk; <LghL nfhz;lth;.
 vspa jkpopy; midtUf;Fk; GhpAk; gb ftpijfis ,aw;wpath; -
gl;Lf;Nfhl;il fy;ahzRe;juk;.
 gl;Lf;Nfhl;il ,aw;wp te;j fUj;Jr; nrwpTk;> fw;gid cuKk; kpFe;j
ghly;fis ntspapl;l gj;jphpf;if - [drf;jp.
 ghNte;jh; ghujpjhrdpd; khzhf;fh;fspy; xUth; - fy;ahzRe;juk;.
 1954y; gbj;j ngz; glj;jpy; Kjd; Kjyhf ghly; vOjpath; - gl;Lf;Nfhl;il
fy;ahzRe;juk;.
 Kjy; jpiuapirg;ghly; - ey;yijr; nrhd;dhy; ehj;jpfdh.
 tptrha ,af;fj;ij rptuhkd;> ,uzpad; MfpNahUld; ,ize;J Jtf;fpath;
- gl;Lf;Nfhl;il fy;ahzRe;juk;.

GfOiu:
 fy;ahzRe;juj;ij eP kPz;Lk; Njhd;wpa ghujpalh vd;wth; - [Pthde;jk;.
 vdJ tyJ if vd;W gl;Lf;Nfhl;il fy;ahz Re;juj;ijg; ghuhl;bath; -
ghujpjhrd;.

Nkw;Nfhs;:

 “nra;Ak; njhopNy nja;tk;,

me;jj; jpwikjhd; ekJ nry;tk;” - fy;ahzRe;juk;

 ‘J}q;fhNj jk;gp J}q;fhNj

cah;gs;spapy; J}q;fpatd; fy;tp ,oe;jhd;
nfhz;l nfhs;ifapy; J}q;fpatd; Gfo; ,oe;jhd;”

 ‘jpUlhNj ghg;gh jpUlhNj”

 ‘khidj; Njb kr;rhd; tug;; Nghwhd;”

 Muk;gkhtJ ngz;Zf;Fs;Ns kdpjd;
Mb mlq;FtJ kz;Zf;Fs;Ns”

 ‘,e;j jpz;izg; Ngr;R tPuhplk; - xU

fz;zh ,Uf;fZk; mz;zhr;rp”

 ‘fhjypNy Njhy;tpAw;whd; fd;dp xUj;jp

fyq;Ffpwhd; mtid neQ;rpy;; epWj;jp”

Page 10
 jkpo; ,yf;fpak;;

 ‘Milf;fl;b te;j epyNth”

 ‘rpd;dg; gaNy rpd;dg; gaNy Nrjp Nfslh”

‘Ntg;gku cr;rpapy; epd;W”

 ‘fhL ntsQ;nrd;d kr;rhd; - ekf;Ff;

ifAq;fhYe;jhNd kpr;rk;”

 ‘trjp ,Uf;fpwtd; jukhl;lhd; - mtid

tapW grpf;fpwtd; tplkhl;lhd;”

 ‘nfhLj;jtNd vLj;Jf; nfhz;lhz;b”

 ‘Kfj;jpy; Kfk; ghh;f;fyhk;”

 cr;rpkiyapNy CWk; mUtpfs;

xNu topapy; fyf;FJ xw;Wikapy;yh
kdpjFyk; cah;T jho;T tsh;f;FJ

kUjfhrp

,aw;ngah; - m. kUjfhrp
Ch; - Nkyf;FbfhL (jpUr;rp)
ngw;Nwhh; - ma;ak;ngUkhs;, kpsfhap mk;khs;
fhyk; - 13-02-1920 Kjy; 29-111989 tiu
,aw;wpa E}y;fs; - kUjf;fhrp ghly;fs;
Mrphpah; - uh[Nfhghiyah;
rpwg;G ngah;fs; - jpiuftpj;jpyfk;> fiykhkzp

rpwg;Gfs;
 kUjf;fhrp ghly;fs; coTk; njhopYk;, jhyhl;L, r%fk;, jj;Jtk;, eifr;Rit
vd;Dk; jiyg;Gfspy; tifg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd.
 1968y; fiykhkzp tpUJ ngw;wth; - kUjfhrp.
 khh;ld; jpNal;lhpd; ,ul;ilf; ftpQh;fs; - kUjfhrp, fh.K.n\hpg;.
 13 tajpy; Kjy; ghl;L: topeilg;ghl;lhfpa fhkd; gz;bif.
 Kjd; Kjypy; ghly; vOjpa jpiug;glk; - khahtjp.
 rk;g+h;z uhkhazg; glg; ghly;fs; KOtJk; vOjpath; - kUjfhrp.
 ‘n[fk; GfOk; Gz;a fij uhkdpd; fijNa” 53 thpfspy; ,uhkhazr;
RUf;fj;ij vOjpath; -kUjfhrp.
 1968-,y; fiykhkzp tpUJ ngw;wth; - kUjfhrp.

Page 11
 jkpo; ,yf;fpak;;

 jpiuf;ftpj; jpyfk; vd;w gl;lk; ngw;wth; - kUjfhrp.

 Jiztd; glj;jpw;F rpwe;j ghlyhrphpah; tpUJ ngw;wth; - kUjfhrp.
 ‘kUjkiy khkzpNa KUifah” vd;w ghlYf;fhf jkpof murpd; ghpR
ngw;wth; - kUjfhrp.

Nkw;Nfhs;:
kUjfhrpapd; ghly;fs;:
 “Vh;Kidf;F Nehpq;Nf vJTNk ,y;iy
vd;Wk; ek;tho;tpNy gQ;rNk ,y;iy”
nej;jp Nth;it rpe;jpNdhNk Kj;JKj;jhf - mJ
ney;kzpaha; tpisQ;rpUf;Ff; nfhj;Jnfhj;jhf” - kUjfhrp

 ‘kzg;ghiw khLfl;b” - kf;fisg; ngw;w kfuhrp

 ‘ePytz;z fz;zh thlh” - kq;ifah; jpyfk;

 ‘xw;Wikaha; tho;tjhNy cz;L ed;ikNa” - ghfg;gphptpid

 ‘epidj;J epidj;J neQ;rk; cUFNj” - rjhuk;

 ‘tre;j Ky;iy NghNy te;J

mire;jhLk; ntz;GwhNt” - rhuq;fjhuh

 ‘thuha;; eP thuha; NghFkplk; ntFJ}ukpy;iy” - ke;jphpFkhhp

 ‘flTs; vd;Dk; Kjyhsp” - tptrhap

 ‘vd;id tpl;L Xbg;Nghf KbAkh” - FKjk;

 ‘Ky;iykyh; NkNy nkha;f;Fk; tz;L NghNy” - cj;jkGj;jpud;

Page 12