jkpo;ehL muR

Ntiytha;g;G kw;Wk; gapw;rpj;Jiw

gphpT : TNPSC Group I Njh;T

ghlk; : ,e;jpa murpayikg;G
gFjp : ,e;jpa murpayikg;G

fhg;Ghpik

jkpo;ehL muRg; gzpahsh; Njh;thizak; F&g; - I Kjy;epiy kw;Wk; Kjd;ik

Njh;TfSf;fhd fhnzhyp fhl;rp gjpTfs;> xypg;gjpT ghlf;Fwpg;Gfs;> khjphp Njh;T
tpdhj;jhs;fs; kw;Wk; nkd;ghlf;Fwpg;Gfs; Mfpait Nghl;bj; Njh;tpw;F jahuhFk;
khzt> khztpfSf;F cjtpLk; tifapy; Ntiytha;g;G kw;Wk; gapw;rpj; Jiwahy;
nkd;nghUs; tbtpy; jahhpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,k;nkd;ghlf; Fwpg;GfSf;fhd fhg;Ghpik
Ntiytha;g;G kw;Wk; gapw;rpj; Jiwiar; rhh;e;jJ vd njhptpf;fg;gLfpwJ.

ve;j xU jdpegNuh my;yJ jdpahh; Nghl;bj; Njh;T gapw;rp ikaNkh

,k;nkd;ghlf; Fwpg;Gfis ve;j tifapYk; kWgpujp vLf;fNth> kW Mf;fk; nra;jplNth>
tpw;gid nra;Ak; Kaw;rpapNyh <LgLjy; $lhJ. kPwpdhy; ,e;jpa fhg;Ghpik rl;lj;jpd;
fPo; jz;bf;fg;gl VJthFk; vd njhptpf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,J Kw;wpYk; Nghl;bj;
Njh;TfSf;F jahh; nra;Ak; khzth;fSf;F toq;fg;gLk; fl;lzkpy;yh NritahFk;.

Mizah;>
Ntiytha;g;G kw;Wk; gapw;rpj; Jiw
 ,e;jpa murpayikg;G
murpayikg;G tuyhw;Wf; fhuzpfs;

 murpayikg;G vd;gJ xU ehl;L  [k;K kw;Wk; fh\;kPh; jtpu ehL

kf;fis Ml;rpGhpAk; mbg;gil KOtjw;Fk; xNu murpayikg;G

-ahd murpay; Kiwiaf;  murpayikg;G eph;zarigapy;

$WtjhFk;. ,lk;ngw;w rl;l ty;Yeh;fspd;

 murpd; jiyaha mq;fq;fshfpa Mjpf;fk;.

rl;lkpaw;Wk; rig> eph;thfk;>

ePjpj;Jiw Mfpatw;iwj; Njhw;W ,e;jpa murpayikg;gpd;
-tpj;J> mtw;wpd; mjpfhuq;fis rl;ltsh;r;rp
tiuaWj;J> nghWg;Gfisg;  ekJ murpayikg;gpd; gy;NtW

gFj;J> mtw;Wld; kf;fSf;Fk; rpwg;gpay;Gfs; Mq;fpNya Ml;rp

cs;s cwTfis newpg;gLj;JtNj -apd; jhf;fj;ijf; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

murpayikg;G MFk;. Mq;fpNyah;fshy; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;l

,e;jpa murpayikg;G cyfpNyNa fhyzp Mjpf;fr; rl;lq;fs; ekJ

kpf ePskhd vOjg;gl;l murpayikg;G murpaYf;Fk;> murpayikg;Gf;Fk;

MFk;. murpayikg;G eilKiwg; J}z;Ljyhf cs;sd. mit.

-gLj;jg;gl;l nghOJ 395 gphpTfs;> 22

gphpTfs;> 12 ml;ltizfs; ,Ue;jd. I. tzpff;FOtpd; fPo; rl;l tsh;r;rp

jw;nghOJ 465 gphpTfs; 25 gFjpfs;> xOq;F Kiwr; rl;lk; (1773) :

12 ml;ltizfs; cs;sd. ,e;ePz;l  ,q;fpyhe;J gpujkh; ‘ehh;j; gpuG”
murpayikg;gpw;fhd Kf;fpa tzpff;FOtpd; tptfhuq;fis
fhuzq;fs;: tprhhpf;f Njh;Tf; FOit
 ehl;bd; gue;j Gtpaikg;G epakpj;jhh;.

 fhyzpahjpf;f rl;lq;fs; kw;Wk;  ,e;jpa murpayikg;G tuyhw;wpy;

murpayikg;gpd; tsh;r;rp Mfpa 1773 xOq;F Kiwr;rl;lk; kpf
-tw;why; Vw;gl;l mOj;jk; Nghd;w Kf;fpakhdJ.

murpay; mwptpaypd; je;ij - mhp];lhl;by;

Page 1
 ,e;jpa murpayikg;G

 Vnddpy; ,e;jpahtpy; fk;ngdp gpl; ,e;jpar; rl;lk; (1784) (Mf];by;):

eph;thfj;jpd; kPJ gphpl;b\;  1773-y; cs;s eilKiw
ehlhSkd;wk; jdJ fl;Lg;ghL- rpf;fy;fis fisa gpl; ,e;jpar;
fisf; nfhz;L tUtjw;fhd rl;lk; cUthf;fg;gl;lJ.
Kjy; Kaw;rpahf mr;rl;lk; 1. fk;ngdpapd;; tzpff;FOTf;F
mike;jJ. ,af;Feh; nghWg;G kl;LNk
 ,r;rl;lk; Kjd; Kiwahf> fk;ngdp mspf;fg;gl;lJ.
Ml;rpf;fhf vOjg;gl;l 2. murpay; tptfhuq;fisf;
murpayikg;G xd;iw toq;fpaJ. ftdpg;gjw;fhf MW
fk;ngdp murpay; kw;Wk; eph;thfg; cWg;gpdh;fs; nfhz;l
nghWg;Gfis mq;fPfhpj;jJ. 'fl;Lg;ghl;L thhpak;"
1. tq;fhsk;> Kk;ig> nrd;id Mfpa mikf;fg;gl;lJ. ,q;fpyhe;J
khfhzq;fspd; eph;thf muruhy; epakpf;fg;gl;ldh;.
mikg;gpid xNu mjpfhu 3. ,e;jpa eph;thfk; njhlh;ghd
mikg;gpd;fPo; nfhz;Ltur; mYty;fisf; ftdpf;f
nra;jJ. ,q;fpyhe;jpy; jdpj;Jiw
2. tq;fhs MSeiu Nkw;fz;l mikf;fg;gl;lJ.
%d;W khfhzq;fSf;Fk; jiyik
MSeuhf epakpj;jJ. Kjy; MSeh; rhrdr; rl;lk; (1813):
- thud; N`];bq;].;  xt;nthU ,Ugjhz;LfSf;F
3. jiyik MSeUf;F cjtp Ghpa xUKiw rhrdr; rl;lq;fis
ehd;F Ngh; nfhz;l fpof;fpe;jpa fk;ngdpapd;
MNyhridf;FO Vw;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. rhrdj;ij ePl;bf;f tif nra;jJ.
4. fy;fj;jhtpy; xU jiyik  fy;tpf;F xU ,yl;rk; epjpahf
ePjpkd;wk; mikf;fg;gl;lJ. (1774) toq;fg;gl;lJ.
5. (1- jiyik ePjpgjpAk; 3 - Jiz
ePjpgjpfSk; ,Ug;ghh;) rhrdr; rl;lk; (1833):
6. Copah;fspd; jdpahh; tpahghuk;  jiyik MSehpd; fTd;rpy;
jil nra;ag;gl;lJ. $l;lq;fis rl;lkpaw;Wtjw;fhd
$l;lq;fs; vd;Wk;> eph;thff;

Page 2
 ,e;jpa murpayikg;G

$l;lq;fs; vd;Wk; gphpj;Jg; ghh;f;f Nehpilahf gphpl;b\; Ml;rpapd; fPo;

tif nra;jJ. te;jd.
1. midj;J rptpy;> uhZt 2. jiyik MSehpd; fTd;rpypy;
mjpfhuq;fisf; fl;Lg;gLj;jp> mYty; rhuhj cWg;gpdh;fis
fz;fhzpf;fpw mjpfhuk; jiyik mjhtJ> ,e;jpah;fis ,izj;Jf;
MSehpd; fTd;rpYf;F nfhs;s top nra;jJ.
mspf;fg;gl;lJ. 3. ,e;jpahtpd; jiyik MSeh;
2. $Ljyhf rl;l cWg;gpdh; xUth; “muRg; gpujpepjp” vd
epakpf;fg;gl;lhh;. (nkf;fhNy) miof;fg;gl;lhh;. mjd;gb Kjy;
3. ika muR typik cilajhfpwJ. murg; gpujpepjp itrpuha;
khfhzq;fs; jq;fSf;nfd fhdpq;gpuG Mthh;.
rl;lkpaw;wpf; nfhs;Sk; chpikfs;
,oe;jd. II. gphpl;b\; murpd; fPo; rl;ltsh;r;rp
,e;jpa fTd;rpy; rl;lk; (1861):
rhrdr; rl;lk; (1853): 1. rl;lkpaw;wy;> gpujpepjpj;Jt
1. rl;lkpaw;Wk; gzpf;fhf jiyik mikg;Gfspy; njhlf;fkhf ,J
MSehpd; fTd;rpypy; NkYk; MW mike;jJ.
cWg;gpdh;fs; Nrh;f;fg;gl;ldh;. 2. jiyik MSehpd; fTd;rpypy;
2. fTd;rpypd; rl;lkpaw;Wk; gzpAk;> mYty; rhuhj cWg;gpdh;fis
eph;thfg; gzpAk; jpl;ltl;lkhf mjhtJ> ,e;jpah;fis
tiuaWf;fg;gl;ld. ,izj;Jf; nfhs;s top tif
3. muRg; gzpfSf;F Nghl;bj; nra;jJ.
Njh;it mwpKfk; nra;jJ. 3. gk;gha;> nrd;id khfhzq;fs;
4. Kjd; Kiwahf cs;ehl;L Kd;G ,oe;j rl;lkpaw;Wk;
kf;fSf;F ika rk gpujpepjpj;Jtk;. mjpfhuq;fisg; ngw;wd.

,e;jpa murhq;fr; rl;lk; (1858): ,e;jpa fTd;rpy; rl;lk; (1892):

1. fpof;fpe;jpa fk;ngdpapd; 1. jiyik MSehpd; fTd;rpy;>
eph;thfj;jpd; fPo; ,Ue;j ,e;jpa khfhz fTd;rpy;fspy; $Ljy;
Ml;rpg; gFjpfs; midj;Jk; cWg;gpdh;fs; Nrh;f;fg;gl;L mit
tphpTgLj;jg;gl;ld.

Page 3
 ,e;jpa murpayikg;G

2. mYty; rhuhj cWg;gpdh;fis Jizf;Nfs;tpfs;; vOg;gTk;>

epakdk; nra;a kiwKfj; Njh;jy; jPhk
; hdq;fs; nfhz;L tuTk;
Kiw mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. mDkjp mspf;fg;gl;ldh;.
3. fTd;rpy; cWg;gpdh;fs; tuT-nryT
mwpf;if gw;wp tpthjk; elj;jTk;> ,e;jpa murhq;fr; rl;lk; (1919):
nghJkf;fs; eyd; fUjp tpdhf;fs; (khz;NlF nrk;]; Nghh;L)
vOg;gTk; mDkjpf;fg;gl;ldh;. 1. kj;jpapy; ,Ue;j rl;lkpaw;Wk;
4. gpujpepjpj;Jt Kiw> eph;thfj;Jiw fTd;rpYf;Fg; gjpyhf
ghuhSkd;wj;jpw;F nghWg;ghf khfhzq;fspd; mit (Nkyit)>
,Uj;jy; Kjypa nfhs;iffs; rl;lkd;wg; Nguit (fPoit) vd;w
,r;rl;lj;jpd; %yk; nray;tbtk; <uLf;F Kiw cUthf;fg;gl;lJ.
ngwj; njhlq;fpd. 2. ,U mitfspYk; Njh;e;njLf;fg;
-gl;l cWg;gpdh;fs; ngUk;ghd;ik
,e;jpa fTd;rpy; rl;lk; (1909): ngw;wdh;.
(kpz;Nlh-khh;yp rPh;jpUj;jq;fs;) 3. murhq;fj;jpd; gzpfs;
1. kj;jpa> khfhz fTd;rpy;fs; NkYk; tiuaWf;fg;gl;L> ika muRg;
tphpTgLj;jg;gl;L> mtw;wpd; gzpfs;> khepy muRg; gzpfs; vd
nray;ghLfSk; gphpj;jwpag;gl;ld.
tphpTgLj;jg;gl;ld. 4. khfhzq;fspy; ,ul;il Ml;rp
2. jiyik MSehpd; fTd;rpy;fspy;> Kiw mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.
epakd cWg;gpdh;fs; ,jd;gb khfhz murpd; gzpfs;
ngUk;ghd;ikahfTk;> khfhz MSehpd; eph;thfj;jpd; fPo;
fTd;rpy;fspy; Njh;en
; jLf;fg;gl;l xJf;fg;gl;l gzpfs; vdTk;>
cWg;gpdh;fs; ngUk;ghd;ikahfTk; rl;lkd;wj;jpw;Fg; nghWg;Gila
,Ue;jd. mikr;rhpd; fPo; khw;wg;gl;l gzpfs;
3. rhjp mbg;gilapyhd gpujpepjpj;Jt vdTk; gfph;ej
; spf;fg;gl;ld.
KiwAk;> ,];yhkpaUf;Fj; 5. Kjd; Kiw Neubj; Njh;jy;Kiw
jdpj;njhFjp KiwAk; mwpKfk; mwpKfk; jkpo;ehL muRg;gzpahsh;
nra;ag;gl;ld. Njh;thizak; 1924
4. cWg;gpdh;fs; gl;n[l; kPJ mikf;fg;gl;lJ.

etPd ,iwahz;ik Nfhl;ghl;bd; je;ij - [Pd; Nghbd;

Page 4
 ,e;jpa murpayikg;G

,e;jpa murhq;fr; rl;lk; (1935): 6. khfhzq;fspy; ,ul;ilahl;rp Kiw

1. ,e;jpahtpy; ,Ue;j gphpl;B\; xopf;fg;gl;L khfhz Rahl;rp
khfhzq;fisAk; ,iza mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.
tpUg;gKs;s RNjr muRfisAk; 7. khfhz murhq;fk; Njh;e;njLf;fg;
cs;slf;fpa ‘midj;jpe;jpa -gl;l mikr;rh;fspd; nghWg;gpy;
$l;luR” mikg;G xd;W cUthf tplg;gl;lJ. mikr;ruit
topnra;jJ. vdpDk;> RNjr rl;lkd;wj;jpw;F $l;Lg;nghWg;G
muRfs; cld;glhjjhy; $l;luR cilajhFk;.
cUthftpy;iy. 8. MSeh; eph;thfg; FOtpd;
2. ,Jtiu gphpl;B\; ,e;jpah jiytuhf ,Ug;ghh;. mth;
eph;tfpf;fg;gl;L te;j XuLf;F mikr;ruitapd; MNyhridg;gb
Kiwf;F Kw;Wg;Gs;sp nray;gLthh; vd tpjpKiwfs;
itf;fg;gl;lJ. nra;ag;gl;ld.
3. ,r;rl;lj;jpd;gb murhq;fj;jpd; 9. tq;fhsk;> nrd;id> gk;gha;> If;fpa
mjpfhuq;fs; %d;W gl;bay;fshfg; khfhzk;> gPfhh; kw;Wk; m];]hk;
gphpf;fg;gl;ld. mit $l;lhl;rp khfhzq;fs; ,uz;L mitfisf;
(kj;jpa) gl;bay;> khfhzg;gl;bay; nfhz;l rl;lkd;wq;fs;
kw;Wk; nghJg;gl;bay; vd;gdthFk;. Vw;gLj;jg;gl;ld.
4. khfhz muRfs;> khfhzg; 10. xU jiyik ePjpgjp kw;Wk; MW
gl;baypy; cs;s gzpfspy; kj;jpaf; ePjpgjpfisf; nfhz;l $l;lhl;rp
fl;Lg;ghL VJkpd;wp eph;thfk; ePjpkd;wk; nly;ypapy; epWtg;gl;lJ.
kw;Wk; rl;lkpaw;Wk; gzpfis
Nkw;nfhs;sf; $ba jdpnahU ,e;jpa tpLjiyr; rl;lk; : (1947)
rl;lg;G+h;t mikg;ghf cUg;ngw;wd. 1. ,e;jpah> ghfp];jhd; vd ,uz;L
5. kj;jpa murhq;fj;jpy; ,ul;il FbNaw;w ehLfis (nlhkpdpad;)
Ml;rp Kiw nfhz;Ltug;gl;lJ. cUthf;f 1947 Mf];l; 15 Mk;
xJf;fg;gl;l Jiwfs; jiyik Njjp ehs; Fwpf;fg;gl;lJ.
MSeh; kw;Wk; mtuJ eph;thff; 5. ,e;jpahtpy; ,Ue;j gphpl;b\;
FOtpd; fPOk;> khw;wg;gl;l Jiwfs; Nguurpapd; nghWg;GfSk;> ,e;jpar;
mikr;ruitapd; nghWg;gpYk; RNjr muRfs; kPjhd Nkyhjpf;fk;
tplg;gl;ld.

Page 5
 ,e;jpa murpayikg;G

1947 Mf];l; 15 NjjpapypUe;J

fhyhtjpahfptpLk;.
2. ,uz;L nlhkpdpad;fspy; VNjDk;
xd;wpy; RNjr muRfs; ,ize;J
nfhs;syhk;. ,uz;L nlhkpdpad;
-fSf;Fk; jdpj;jdpahf ,uz;L
fth;dh; n[duy;fis gphpl;b\; 6. ,r;rl;lk; kj;jpapYk;>
Nguurp epakpg;ghh;. khfhzq;fspYk; rl;lkd;wq;
3. ,uz;L nlhkpdpad;fSf;Fk; -fSf;Fg; nghWg;Gs;s murhq;fq;
jdpj;jdpahf rl;lkd;wq;fs; -fis Vw;gLj;jpaJ.
,Uf;Fk;. gphpl;b\; ehlhSkd;wj; 7. ,e;jpa tptfhuq;fSf;fhd
-jpd; jiyaPL ,d;wpr; rl;lkpaw;Wk; mikr;rhpd; gzpfs;> ,e;jpahtpd;
KO mjpfhuk; mtw;Wf;F cz;L. Kg;gilfs; Mfpatw;Wf;fhd
4. nlhkpdpad;fis Ml;rpGhptjw; epge;jidfisAk; gphpl;b\;
-fhd jw;fhypf Vw;ghlhf> ,uz;L ,uhZtk;> flw;gil> thd;gil
nlhkpdpad;fspd; murpay; eph;za Mfpatw;wpd; kPjhd gphpl;b\;
rigfSf;Fk; nlhkpdpad; Nguurpapd; mjpfhu tuk;GfisAk;
ehlhSkd;wj;jpw;fhd me;j];J mr;rl;lk; tiuaWj;jJ.
mspf;fg;gl;lJ.
5. gQ;rhg;> tq;fhsk; Mfpa
,e;jpa murpayikg;G
khfhzq;fspd; vy;iyfis
cUthf;fk;
tiuaWg;gjw;F vy;iy Mizak;
Vw;gLj;jg;gLnkd  ,e;jpahtpy; fk;A+dprpa ,af;fj;jpd;
mwptpf;fg;gl;lJ.
Kd;Ndhbahd M.N. uha; 1934 Mk;
6. ,e;jpar; Rje;jpu rl;lk; 1947ia
Mz;L ,e;jpah;fSf;nfd murpay;
KOikahf mky;gLj;Jtjw;Fj;
rl;lk; cUthf Ntz;Lk; vd
Njitahd tp\aq;fs; Fwpj;J
fUjpdhh;.
jw;fhypf Mizfs; gpwg;gpf;;f
 gpd;dh; Nfgpndl; JhJf;FOtpd;
fth;dh; n[duYf;F mjpfhuk;
ghpe;Jiug;gb> ,e;jpa murpayikg;G
toq;fg;gl;lJ.
FO 16.05.1946y; mikf;fg;gl;lJ.

Page 6
 ,e;jpa murpayikg;G

 ,e;jpa murpayikg;gpd; Kjy;

NfgpNdl; JhJf;FOtpd;
cWg;gpdh;fs; $l;lk; 9 brk;gh; 1946y; nly;ypapy;
eilngw;wJ. murpay; mikg;G
1. ngj;jpf; yhud;];
2. rh;.];lhg;Nghh;L fphpg;]; FOtpd; jw;fhypf jiytuhf
3. V.tp. mnyf;]hz;lh; lhf;lh;. rr;rpjhde;j rpd;`h Njh;T
nra;ag;gl;lhh;.
 murpay; mikg;G FOf;fSf;fhd
 gpd;dh;>11 brk;gh; 1946y; lhf;lh;.
Njh;jypy; 208 fhq;fpu];
,uhN[e;jpugpurhj; mth;fs; epue;ju
cWg;gpdh;fSk;> 73 K];yk
P ; yPf;
jiytuhf Njh;en
; jLf;fg;gl;lhh;.
cWg;gpdh;fSk;
Njh;e;njLf;fg;gl;ldh;.
 murpayikg;G FOtpd; nkhj;j
cWg;gpdh;fs; - 389 Ngh; (,jpy; 292
Ngh; Njh;jy; %yKk;> 93 Ngh;
epakdk; %yKk;> 4 Ngh; jiyik
fkp\dh; gjtpapypUe;Jk;
Njh;e;njLf;fg;gl;ldh;.
 ,e;jpa murpay; eph;za rig 13
 1947 Mf];L 29-k; ehs; tiuTf;
FOf;fis mikj;jJ.
FOtpd; jiytuhf lhf;lh; gp. Mh;.
 Njhuhakhd tiuT vk;.vd;.uha;
mk;Ngj;fhh; epakdk; nra;ag;gl;lhh;.
mth;fshy; jahhpf;fg;gl;lJ
 13 brk;gh; 1946y; NeU mth;fs;
 ,e;jpa Rje;jpur; rl;lk; ,q;fpyhe;J
murpayikg;gpd; Kfg;Giuia
ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; 18 [{iy 1947y;
toq;fpdhh;.
epiwNtw;wg;gl;lJ.
 ,jpy; ,e;jpa murpayikg;gpd;
 ,e;jpa murpayikg;G rl;lk;
Nehf;fk; kw;Wk; Fwpf;Nfhs;fs;
eilKiwf;F tUk;tiu 1935 k;
,lk;ngw;wpUe;jJ.
Mz;bd; ,e;jpa muRr; rl;lk;
 ,e;jpa murpayikg;ig cUthf;f
eilKiwapy; ,Ue;jJ.
nkhj;jk; 22 FOf;fs; ,Ue;jd.
 NeUitg; gpujkuhff; nfhz;l
,ilf;fhy muR 1946
epWtg;gl;lJ.

Page 7
 ,e;jpa murpayikg;G

khfhz rh;jhh; ty;ygha;

murpayikg;Gf; gNly; tiuTf;FOtpy; ,Ue;j kw;w
FO jiyth; cWg;gpdh;;fs;:
mbg;gil rh;jhh; ty;ygha;  P. my;yhb fpU\;zrhkp
chpikfs; kw;Wk; gNly; Iah;
rpWghd;ikapdh;  N.Nfhghy;rhkp Iaq;fhh;>
 lhf;lh; K.M. Kd;\p
FO jiyth;
 iraJ KfkJ rhJy;yh
nfhbf;FO N[.gp. fpUghsdp
 B.L.kpl;lh; (vd;.khjtuht;)
jiyth;  D.P. ifj;jhd;
ika murpd; [t`h;yhy; NeU (b.b. fpU\;zkhr;rhhp)
mjpfhuk; Fwpj;j
FO jiyth;  Murpa ikg;G FO ,e;jpa murpay;
khepy lhf;lh;. uhN[e;jpu mikg;ig cUthf;f 2 Mz;Lfs;
muRfSld; gpurhj; 11 khjq;fs; 18 ehl;fs;
Ngr;R thh;j;ij Njitg;gl;lJ.
FO
ika murpd; [t`h;yhy; NeU
murpayikg;Gf;
FO
tifg;gLj;Jk; lhf;lh;. uhN[e;jpu
FO gpurhj;

 ,e;jpa murpay; mikg;G FO

 tiuTf;FO 29 Mf];L 1947 y; cWg;gpdh;fs; 284 Ngh;
lhf;lh;. mk;Ngj;fh; jiyikapy; ifnahg;gkpl;L 26 etk;gh; 1949 y;
mikf;fg;gl;lJ. murpayikg;G
 ,e;jpa murpayikg;gpd; rpw;gp vd Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.
miof;fg;gLgth; - lhf;lh;. gp. Mh;.  ,e;jpa murpayikg;G Vw;Wf;
mk;Ngj;fh; -nfhz;l nghOJ FbAhpik>
 ,e;jpa murpayikg;G FOtpd; ghuhSkd;wk;> Njh;jy;fs; Mfpad
rl;l MNyhrfuhf ,Ue;jth; - gp. eilKiwf;F te;jJ.
vd;. uht;

Page 8
 ,e;jpa murpayikg;G

 murpay; mikg;G cUthf;fg;gl;l  murpayikg;G eph;za rig vd;w

-NghJ mjpy; 8 ml;ltizfs;> 22 fUj;J ,e;jpahtpd; Njrpa ,af;f
gFjpfs;> 395 \uj;Jfs; ,Ue;jd. tsh;r;rpAld; ePz;l njhlh;Gila
jw;NghJ 12-ml;ltizfs;> 465 xd;whFk;.
\uj;Jf;fs; 25 gFjpfs; cs;sJ.  ,e;jpa kf;fs; jkf;Fj;jhNk Xh;
 1930 y; [dthp 26 k; ehs; G+uz murpayikg;ig ,aw;wpf;
Rauh[;[pa jpdkhf mDrhpf;fg; nfhs;tjw;fhf murpay; eph;za
-gl;L njhlh;eJ
; me;ehis rig xd;iw cUthf;f Ntz;Lk;
nfhz;lhb te;jjhy;> 26 [dthp vd;w fUj;J 1919 Mk; Mz;L
1950 ,e;jpa murpayikg;G rl;lk; ,e;jpa murhq;f rl;lj;jpd;
eilKiwf;F te;j ehshf tiutpNyNa ,Ue;jJ.
nfhz;lhLfpNwhk;.  1928 Nk 19Mk; Njjp gk;ghapy;
 murpay; eph;za rigapy; fye;J eilngw;w midj;Jf; fl;rp khehL
nfhs;shj Kf;fpa jiyth;fs; ,e;jpa murpayikg;gpd;
kfhj;kh fhe;jp> KfkJ myp Nfhl;ghLfis tiuaWg;gjw;fhf
[pd;dh Nkhjpyhy; NeUtpd; jiyikapy;
 murpay; eph;za rig cUthf;Fk; xU FOit mikj;jJ.
NghJ rl;lkd;wj; jiytuhf  mf;FO mspj;j “NeU mwpf;if”
,Ue;jth; [p.tp. kht;yq;fh;. ,e;jpahtpw;fhd KO epiwthd
murpayikg;G xd;iw ,aw;w
murpayikg;G eph;za rig : ,e;jpah;fs; Nkw;nfhz;l Kjy;
 nghJthf Xh; ,iwahz;ik Kaw;rpahFk;.
kf;fshl;rp ehl;by; murpayikg;ig  1936 Mk; Mz;bd; yf;Ndh
cUthf;Fk; gzpia> me;ehl;L fhq;fpu]; khehl;by; ntspapypUe;J
kf;fSf;F gpujpepjpfs; mlq;fpa jpzpf;fg;gLk; ve;j tpjkhd
Xh; mikg;Ng Nkw;nfhs;Sk;> murpayikg;gpidAk; Vw;f
murpayikg;ig ,aw;wp Vw;Wf; KbahJ vdTk;> taJ te;Njhh;
nfhs;tjw;fhf Njh;e;njLf;fg;gLk;> thf;Fhpik %yk;
mj;jifa mikg;gpw;F Njh;e;njLf;fg;gLk; murpay;
murpayikg;G eph;za rig vd;W eph;za rigahy; cUthf;fg;gLk;
ngah;.
FbauR vd;w E}iy vOjpath; - gpNshl;Nlh

Page 9
 ,e;jpa murpayikg;G

murpayikg;gpidNa Vw;f KbAk; Mz;bd; ,e;jpa murhq;f

vdTk; jPh;khdk; epiwNtw;wpaJ. rl;lj;jpd; fPo; Ml;rp nra;ag;gl;lJ.
 1940Mk; Mz;L Kjd; Kiwahf
murpay; eph;za rigf; Nfhhpf;if murpayikg;G eph;za rigapd;
Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. gpwgzpfs; :
 mjd; gpd;dh; fphpg;]; J}Jf;FO  murpayikg;G eph;za rigahdJ>
(1942)> Gjpa murpayikg;ig murpayikg;ig cUthf;fpaJ
cUthf;Fk; gzp Kw;wpYk; jtpu> gpw gzpfisAk; Mw;wpaJ.
,e;jpah;fs; trk; tplg;gLk; vd;Wk;> mitahtd :
murpay; eph;za rigahy; 1. fhkd;nty;j; mikg;gpy; ,e;jpah
tiuag;gLk; murpayikg;ig cWg;gpduhtjw;F Vw;gspg;G
gphpl;b\; muR Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; toq;fpaJ (Nk 1949)
vd;W mwptpj;jJ. 2. ,e;jpahtpd; Njrpaf; nfhbia
 ,Wjpahf 1946 Mk; Mz;L khh;r; mwptpj;jJ ([{iy 22> 1947)
15y; ,q;fpyhe;J gpujkh; ml;ypapd; 3. Rje;jpuk; ngWtjw;F %d;W
mwptpg;ig njhlh;eJ
; > thufhyj;jpw;F Kd;Ng mq;fPfhuk;
mikr;ruitj; J}Jf;FOtpd; mspj;jJ.
jpl;lj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; ,e;jpa 4. ,e;jpahtpd; Njrpa fPjj;ijAk;>
tpLjiyr; rl;lk; eilKiwf;F Njrpag; ghliyAk; Vw;Wf;
tUk; tiuapy; ,e;jpa nfhz;lJ. ([dthp 24> 1950)
murpayikg;G eph;za rig  ,e;jpahtpd; Kjy; FbauRj;
,iwahz;ikiag; ngw;wpUf;f jiytuhf lhf;lh;. ,uhN[e;jpug;
-tpy;iy. gpurhj; mth;fisj;
 tpLjiyf;Fg; gpd;dNu ,iwah Njh;e;njLj;jJ. ([dthp 24> 1950).
-z;ikAilajhf khwptpl;lJ.
 ,e;jpah tpLjiy mile;jNghJ
mjw;nfd murpayikg;G
eilKiwf;F tUk;tiu gphpl;b\;
ghuhSkd;wk; ,aw;wpa 1935 Mk;
,e;jpa murpayikg;G tbtikg;Gf; FOtpd; jiytuhd gp.Mh;. mk;Ngj;fhpd;
fUj;jpw;fpzq;f tpjp 32 murpayikg;gpd; capUk; ,jaKk; MFk;.

Page 10
 ,e;jpa murpayikg;G

gy;NtW ehLfspd; murpay; mikg;G %yq;fs;

mit>

mnkhpf;fh Kfg;Giu
mbg;gil chpikfs;
ePjpg; Gzuha;T
ePjpgjpfs; gjtp ePf;fk;
jdpj;J ,aq;Fk; ePjpkd;wk;
,q;fpyhe;J ghuhSkd;w Kiw>gpujk ke;jphp>rl;lk; ,aw;Wk;
Kiw
rl;lj;jpd; top Ml;rp>xw;iwf; FbAhpik
mah;yhe;J muRf;F topfhl;Lk; newpKiwfs;
FbauRj; jiythpd; Njh;jy; Kiw
,uh[;a rigf;F 12 cWg;gpdh; epakdk;
fdlh kj;jpapy; typikAld; $ba $l;lhl;rp Kiw
mjpfhug; gfph;T kw;Wk; kj;jpa murplk; vQ;rpa
mjpfhuq;fs;
njd; M‡g;hpf;fh rl;ljpUj;j Kiw
u\;ah mbg;gilf; flikfs;
M];jpNuypah nghJg;gl;bay;>kj;jpa khepy cwTfs;
n[h;kdp mtruepiy gpufldj;jpd; NghJ mbg;gil
chpikfs; ,ilePf;fk;
[g;ghd; cr;r ePjpkd;wj;jpd; Njhw;wKk;> eilKiwAk;
,e;jpa murpayikg;G $l;lhl;rp Kiw> MSeh; gjtp>
rl;lk;> 1935 (%d;wpy; neUf;fb fhy epiy
,uz;L gq;F ,jpypUe;J
vLf;fg;gl;lJ)

Page 11