jkpo;ehL muR

Ntiytha;g;G kw;Wk; gapw;rpj;Jiw

gphpT : TNPSC Group II Njh;T

ghlk; : nghJj;jkpo; (,yf;fpak;)
gFjp : gjpndz;fPo;fzf;F E}y;fspd; gpw nra;jpfs;

fhg;Ghpik

jkpo;ehL muRg; gzpahsh; Njh;thizak; F&g; - 2 Kjy;epiy kw;Wk; Kjd;ik

Njh;TfSf;fhd fhnzhyp fhl;rp gjpTfs;> xypg;gjpT ghlf;Fwpg;Gfs;> khjphp Njh;T
tpdhj;jhs;fs; kw;Wk; nkd;ghlf;Fwpg;Gfs; Mfpait Nghl;bj; Njh;tpw;F jahuhFk;
khzt> khztpfSf;F cjtpLk; tifapy; Ntiytha;g;G kw;Wk; gapw;rpj; Jiwahy;
nkd;nghUs; tbtpy; jahhpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,k;nkd;ghlf; Fwpg;GfSf;fhd fhg;Ghpik
Ntiytha;g;G kw;Wk; gapw;rpj; Jiwiar; rhh;e;jJ vd njhptpf;fg;gLfpwJ.

ve;j xU jdpegNuh my;yJ jdpahh; Nghl;bj; Njh;T gapw;rp ikaNkh

,k;nkd;ghlf; Fwpg;Gfis ve;j tifapYk; kWgpujp vLf;fNth> kW Mf;fk; nra;jplNth>
tpw;gid nra;Ak; Kaw;rpapNyh <LgLjy; $lhJ. kPwpdhy; ,e;jpa fhg;Ghpik rl;lj;jpd;
fPo; jz;bf;fg;gl VJthFk; vd njhptpf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,J Kw;wpYk; Nghl;bj;
Njh;TfSf;F jahh; nra;Ak; khzth;fSf;F toq;fg;gLk; fl;lzkpy;yh NritahFk;.

Mizah;>
Ntiytha;g;G kw;Wk; gapw;rpj; Jiw
gjpndz;fPo;fzf;F E}y;fspd; gpw nra;jpfs;
 rq;f fhyj;jpy; KbAil Nte;jh;fshYk;> Ntsph; Kjyhd rpw;wurh;fshYk;
Msg;gl;L te;j jkpofk; fp.gp. 3 Mk; E}w;whz;by; mayhh; Ml;rpf;Fl;gl;lJ.
 fp.gp 3 Mk; E}w;whz;L Kjy; fp.gp. 6 Mk; E}w;whz;L tiu jkpofj;ij
Mz;lth;fs; fsg;gpuh;fs; vdNt ,f;fhyj;ij fsg;gpuh; fhyk; (m) rq;fk;
kUtpaf; fhyk; (m) ,Uz;l fhyk; vd miof;fg;gLfpwJ.
 rq;f fhyj;ij mLj;J te;j fhykhjyhy; ,jidr; rq;fk; kUtpa fhyk; vd;W
miof;fg;gLfpwJ.
 fsg;gpuh;fs; ghyp nkhopapid Mjhpj;jdh;.
 fsg;gpuh;fSf;Fk;> jkpo; kd;dh;fSf;FkpilNa epytpa NghUk; G+rYk;>
jkpopyf;fpak;> fiy> gz;ghL> ehfuPfk; Mfpatw;wpy; ngUk; rpijitAk;>
,og;gpidAk; Vw;gLj;jpd.
 jkpo; ,yf;fpa tsh;r;rpapy; ngUe;Njf;fKk;> khw;wKk; Vw;gl;lJ. vdNt ,jid
fiy ,yf;fpa Nehf;fpYk;> murpay; Nehf;fpYk;> ,Uz;l fhyk; vd
mioj;jdh;.
 ,Uz;l fhyj;jpYk; rpwe;j Gyth;fs; Njhd;wp ,yf;fpar; Rit kpFe;j
,yf;fpaq;fis ,aw;wp ,yf;fpa tuyhw;wpy; ,ilntsp Njhd;whky; jkpiof;
fhj;jdh;.
 ,Uz;l fhyj;jpy; Njhd;wpa ,yf;fpaq;fNs gjpndz; fPo;f;fzf;F
E}y;fshFk;.
 ,yf;fpar; RitAk;> fw;gidj; jpwDk; Fd;wp Njhd;wpdhYk; mit kf;fs;
tho;it tsg;gLj;Jk; rPhpa ePjpia ,ak;Gfpd;wd.
 Kg;nghUs;fisAk; Fiwe;j mbfspy; rpwg;Gw ehd;fbf;F kpfhky; moFld;
ciug;gJ fPo;f;fzf;F E}y;fspd; ,ay;ghFk;.

 gjpndz;fPo;f; fzf;F kuGf; Fwpg;G

gjpndz; - 18
fPo; - rpwpa (Fiwe;j mbfs;)
fzf;F - E}y;> ,yf;fpak;> mwk;

 mb msthy; Fiwe;J tUk; fPo;f;fzf;F E}y;fs; mk;ik vd;Dk; moF

cilad vd;W njhy;fhg;gpak; $Wfpd;wJ. mk; = moF> mk;ik = moFld;
,Ug;gJ.

ehyb ehd;kzp ehdhw;gJ Ie;jpizKg;

ghy; fLfq;Nfhit gonkhop-kh%yk;
,d;dpiya fhQ;rpNahL Vyhjp vd;gNt

Page 1
 jkpo; ,yf;fpak;

ife;epiya thq;fPo; fzf;F - ntz;gh

mbepkph; gpy;yhr; nra;Al;nlhFjp
mwk;nghUspd;gk; mLf;fp at;tifj;
jpwk;glTiug;gJ fPo;f; fzf;fhFk; -gd;dpU ghl;bay;
nghUs; newp kugpy;
mwk;nghUs; ,d;gk; mLf;fp - gd;dpU ghl;bay;
rq;fk; kUtpa fhyk;
gjpndz;fPo;f;fzf;F E}y;fs;:
mwE}y; (m) ePjp E}y; : 11
mfk; gw;wpaJ : 6
Gwk; gw;wpaJ : 1
----------
18
----------
E}y; Mrphpah;
mwE}y;fs;
1. ehybahh; rkz Kdpth;fs;
2. ehd;kzpf;fbif tpsk;gpehfdhh;
3. ,d;dhehw;gJ fgpyh;
4. ,dpait ehw;gJ G+jQ;Nre;jdhh;
5. jphpfLfk; ey;yhjdhh;
6. Mrhuf;Nfhit ngUthapw;Ks;spahh;
7. gonkhop %d;Wiw miuadhh;
8. rpWgQ;r%yk; fhhpahrhd;
9. Vyhjp fzpNkjhtpahh;
10. KJnkhopf;fhQ;rp $lY}h;f;fpohh;
11. jpUf;Fws; jpUts;Sth;
mfE}y;fs;
1. Ie;jpiz Ik;gJ khwd; nghiwadhh;
2. Ie;jpiz vOgJ %thjpahh;
3. jpiznkhop Ik;gJ fz;zd; Nre;jdhh;
4. jpizkhiy E}w;iwk;gJ fzpNkjhtpahh;
5. fhh;ehw;gJ fz;zd; $j;jdhh;
6. ife;epiy Gy;yq;fhldhh;
GwE}y;
1. fstop ehw;gJ ngha;ifahh;

Page 2
 jkpo; ,yf;fpak;

mwE}y;fs;

ehybahh;

 ehybahh; - ghz;ba ehl;L 8000 rkz Kdpth;fs; ghba ghly;fspd; njhFg;Ng

ehybahh;.
 gjpndz;fPo;fzf;fpy; cs;s xNu njhif E}y; ehybahh;
 ngU Kj;jiuaiug; gw;wp $Wk; E}y; ehybahh;
 Jwtwk; gw;wpAk;, epiyahik gw;wpAk; mjpf ghly;fis nfhz;l E}y; ehybahh;
MFk;.
 jpUf;FwSf;F mLj;j epiyapy; itj;Jg; Nghw;wg;gLk; E}y;.
 njhFj;J mjpfhuk; tFj;jth; gJkdhh;
 ,jd; flTs; tho;j;ij gJkdhh; ghbAs;shh;
 Kg;ghyhfg; gFj;J ciu fz;lth; jUkh;.
 “eha;f;fhy; rpWtpuy;Nghy; ed;fzpa uhapDk;” - ehybahh;
 400 ghly;fis nfhz;lJ
 rpwg;G ngah;fs;: ehyb ehD}W, Ntshz; Ntjk;> Fl;bj; jpUf;Fws;
 ePjp E}y;fSs; jpUf;FwSf;F mLj;j epiyapy; itj;Jg; Nghw;wg;gLk; E}y; -
ehybahh;.
 ehd;fbahy; Md E}y;fs; gy ,Ug;gpDk; ,e;E}y; kl;LNk ehyb vd
Nghw;wg;gLfpwJ.
 mwj;Jghy; - 13, nghUl;ghy; - 24, ,d;gj;Jg;ghy; - 3 vd %d;W gFjpfisAk; 40
mjpfhuq;fisAk;, 12 ,ay;fisAk; nfhz;lJ.
 ehybahhpy; Kjd; Kjypy; cs;s ,ay; Jwtpay;.
 ehyhbahhpd; ciufis cs;slf;fpa E}y; - ehybahh; ciu tsk;.

E}ypd; rpwg;Gfs;:
 MYk; NtYk; gy;Yf;FWjp, ehYk; ,uz;Lk; nrhy;Yf;Fwjp - gonkhop (ehY -
ehybahh;> ,uz;L - jpUf;Fws;)
 goF jkpo;r; nrhy;yUik ehypuz;by; - ehyp = ehybahh;. ,uz;L -
jpUf;Fws;.
 ehybahiu [p.A.Nghg; Mq;fpyj;jpy; nkhopngah;j;Js;shh;

Nkw;Nfhs;:
‘FwpQ;rp aoFk; nfhLj;jhidf; Nfhl;loFk;
kQ;rs; moFk; mofy;y...
fy;tp moNf moF”
‘fy;tp fiuapy> fw;gth; ehs;rpy”
‘nghpath; Nfz;ik gpiwNghy ehSk;”

Page 3
 jkpo; ,yf;fpak;

eha;f;fhy;rpWtpuy;Nghy; ed;fzpauhapDk;
<f;fhy; JizAk; cjthjhh; el;ngd;dhk;
Nra;j;jhDk; nrd;W nfhsy; Ntz;Lk;
nra;tpisf;Fk; tha;f;fhy; midahh; njhlh;G.

ehd;kzpf;fbif

Mrphpah; - tpsk;gpehfdhh;
,aw;ngah; - ehfdhh;
Ch; - tpsk;gp
fhyk; - fp.gp 200 f;F Kw;gl;lJ (m) filr;rq;f fhyk;

 fbif vd;why; mzpfyd; vd;W nghUs;

 fbif vd;why; Jz;L (gFjp) vd;W nghUs;
 fl;Ltlk; (Neckless) vd;w nghUSk;, Mguzk; vd;w nghUSk; cz;L.
 tpsk;gpehfdhh; itzth; (jpUkhy;)
 ehd;kzpf;fbifapy; 104 ghly;fs; cs;sd
 ehd;F kzpfs; nfhz;l mzpfyd; vd;W nghUs;.
 xt;nthU ghlypYk; 4 kzpahd mwf;fUj;Jf;fs; $wg;gl;Ls;sd.
 “kidf;F tpsf;fk; klths;” - ehd;kzpf;fbif tpsk;gpehfdhh;
 “ahh; mwpthh; ey;yhs; gpwf;Fk; Fb” - ehd;kzpf;fbif
 ,jpy; [p.A. Nghg; (7>100) vd;w 2 ghly;fis Mq;fpyj;jpy; nkhopngah;j;Js;shh;.

Nkw;Nfhs;:
kidf;F tpsf;fk; klths;
klthSf;F tpsf;fk; Gjy;th;
kdf;fpdpa fhjy; Gjy;th;f;F fy;tpNa
fy;tpf;Fk; Xjpd; Gfo;rhy; czh;T.

gonkhop ehD}W
Mrphpah; ngah; - Kd;Wiw miuadhh;
,aw;ngah; - miuad;
Ch; - Kd;Wiw
fhyk; - 5k; E}w;whz;L
rkak; - rkzk;
 ,e;E}y; 34 mjpfhuk; 400 ghly;fis nfhz;lJ
 gjpndz;fPo;f;fzf;F E}y;fSs; tuyhw;iw kpFjpahf jUk; E}y; gonkhop
ehD}W
 gonkhop ehD}W cyftrdk;> KJnkhop vd;Wk; miof;fg;gLfpwJ

Page 4
 jkpo; ,yf;fpak;

 miuad; vd;w nrhy; muridf; Fwpf;Fk; my;yJ Fbg;ngauhfTk; ,Uf;fyhk;

 xt;nthU ghlypYk; xU gonkhop ,lk;ngw;Ws;sJ.
 rq;f fhy kd;dh;fs;> Gyth;fs;> %Nte;jh;fs; gw;wpa Fwpg;Gfs;> Guhz ,jpfhr
epfo;r;rpfisf; nfhz;l fhyf;fz;zhbahf gonkhopehD}W tpsq;FfpwJ.
 gjpndz; fPo;f;fzf;F E}y;fspy; jpUf;Fws; ehybahUf;F mLj;J Gfo; ngw;w
E}y;.
 njhy;fhg;gpah; gonkhopia KJnrhy; vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;
 njhy;fhg;gpahpd; ,aw;ngah; - fpuz J}khf;fpdpahh;
 mfj;jpahpd; 12 rPlh;fs;; vOjpa E}y; - gd;dpUghl;bay; (m) gd;dpUglyk;

Nkw;Nfhs;:

 Mw;wTk; fw;whh; mwpTilahh;, mஃJilahh;

ehw;wpirAk; nry;yhj ehby;iy me;ehL
Ntw;W ehL Mfh jkNtahk;. Mapdhy;
Mw;Wzh Ntz;LtJ ,y; - gonkhop ehD}W

 “mzpnay;yhk; Milapd; gpd;

fld; nfhz;Lk; nra;thh; fld;
fw;wypd; Nfl;lNy ed;W” - gonkhop ehD}W

 jdpkuk; fhlhjy; ,y;

jpq;fis eha; Fiuj;jw;W
epiwFlk; ePhj; ;jJk;gy; ,y;
EzYk; jd; thahy; nfLk;
ghk;gwpAk; ghk;gpd; fhy;

KJnkhopf;fhQ;rp
Mrphpah; - kJiuf; $lY}h;fpohh;
Ch; - $lY}h;
fhyk; - 5 Mk; E}w;whz;L (m) rq;ffhyj;jpw;F gpd; tho;ej
; th;
(m) tr;ruee;jp rkfhyj;jth;
ghtif - Fws; jhopir> Fws;ntz; nre;Jiw
KJnkhop - %j;Njhh; nrhy;
fhQ;rp - kfsPh; ,ilazp
- KJnkhopf; fhQ;rp (mwTiuf;Nfhit vdTk; miof;fg;gLfpwJ)
E}y;fs; 10 mjpfhuk;, 100 ghly;fs; cs;sd.
(gjpndz;fPo;f;fzf;F E}y;)
E}ypd; rpwg;G : mwTiuf; Nfhit> mwpTiuf;Nfhit
ngah;fs;

Page 5
 jkpo; ,yf;fpak;

rpwg;Gfs;:
 KJnkhopf;fhQ;rp rpwe;j gj;J, mwpTg;gj;J, gopahg;gj;J, Jt;thg;gj;J,
my;ygj;J, ,y;iyg;gj;J, ngha;g;gj;J, vspagj;J, ey;$h;e;jgj;J, jz;lhg;gj;J
vd 10 mjpfhuq;fis nfhz;lJ
 ,J epiyahikiag; gw;wpa fhQ;rpj; jpizapd; Jiwfspy; xd;W.
 ,e;E}y; cyfpay; cz;ikfis njspthf vLj;J ,ak;GfpwJ
 %j;Njhh; nrhw;fs; gytw;iw Nfhh;j;j Nfhit KJnkhopf; fhQ;rp vdg;gLk;.
 mk;ik vd;Dk; tdg;G tifiar; rhh;e;j E}y;.
 mjpfhuj; njhlf;fk; xt;nthU mjpfhuj;jpYk; ghl;bd; Kjy; thp
“Mh;fyp cyfj;J kf;fl; nfy;yhk; vdj; njhlq;FfpwJ.
 KJnkhopf;F ,yf;fzk; $Wk; E}y; - Gwg;nghUs; ntz;ghkhiy

Nkw;Nfhs;:
 “Mh;fyp cyfj;J kf;fl; nfy;yhk;
 Xjypy; rpwe;jd;W xOf;fk; cilik”
 fhjypw; rpwe;jJ - fz;zQ;rg;gLjy;
 Nkijapy; rpwe;jJ - fw;wJ kwthik
 tz;ikapy; rpwe;jJ - tha;ikAlik
 ,sikapy; rpwe;jJ - nka;gpzp ,d;ik
 eyDlikapd; - ehZr; rpwe;jJ
 FyDilikapd; - fw;Gr; rpwe;jJ
 fw;wypd; ed;W - fw;whiu topgLjy;

xg;Gikfs;
 fw;wiy tpl rpwe;jJ - xOf;fKilik
 md;G fhl;Ltij tpl rpwe;jJ - Nghw;Wk; gb elj;jy;
 mwpT El;gj;ij tpl rpwe;jJ - fw;wJ kwthik
 tskhd tho;it tpl rpwe;jJ - tha;ikAilik
 ,sikia tpl rpwe;jJ - Nehaw;w tho;T
 moif tpl rpwe;jJ - ehzKilik
 Fyg;ngUikia tpl rpwe;jJ - xOf;fKilik
 rpwe;j E}y;fw;wiy tpl rpwe;jJ - nghpNahiu gpd;gw;wy;
 jz;bg;gij tpl rpwe;jJ - ed;ik nra;jy;
 ngUfpa nry;tj;ij tpl rpwe;jJ - Fiwahky; fhj;jy;

Page 6
 jkpo; ,yf;fpak;

jphpfLfk;
Mrphpah; - ey;yhjdhh;
Ch; - jpUj;J (jpUney;Ntyp)
,aw;wpa E}y;fs; - jphpfLfk; (Rf;F, kpsF, jpg;gpyp)
gjpndz;fPo;f;fzf;F E}y;fspy; xd;W)
rpwg;G ngah;fs; - ,tiu nrUmLNjhs; ey;yhjd; vd ghapuk;
Fwpg;gpLtjhy; ,th; Nghh; tPuuha; ,Ue;jpUf;fyhk;;.

 jphpfLfk; = jphp - %d;W, fLfk; - fhukhd nghUs;;

 Rf;F, kpsF, jpg;gpyp Mfpa %d;Wk; cly; Nehiaj; jPhg; ;gd mjidg; Nghd;W
E}ypy; $wg;gl;Ls;s Kk; %d;W fUj;Jf;fSk; cs;sj;jpd; Nehia Nghf;f
ty;yd.
 ,e;E}y; 100 ghly;fis nfhz;lJ.
 flTs;; tho;j;J cl;gl midj;J ghly;fspYk; ,k;%d;Wk; my;yJ ,k;%th;
vd;Dk; nrhy; %d;whk; mbapd; ehd;fhk; rPhpy; tUk;.
 3 mwf; fUj;Jf;fs; fw;Nghhpd; kdj;jpy; cs;s mwpahikiag; Nghf;fp Fd;wpd;
Nkypl;l tpsf;fhf rKjhaj;jpy; jpfor; nra;Ak;.
 kf;fspd; kd kaf;fj;ijg; Nghf;fp njspit mspf;Fk; E}y;.
 kUe;J vd miof;fg;gLk; E}y; jphpfLfk;
 ,th; itzt rkaj;ij rhh;ej ; th;
 itzth;fs; Nts;tpf;fhf gypaplf;$lhJ vd;gjid jphpfLfk; czh;j;JfpwJ

Nkw;Nfhs;:

 “cz;nghOJ ePuhb cz;lYk; vd;ngwpDk;

ghy;gw;wp nry;yhh; tpLjYk; - Njhy;tw;wpr;”;
rhapDk; rhd;whz;ik Fd;whik ,k;%d;Wk;
J}cak; vd;ghh; njhopy;.
 “,y;yhh;f;nfhd;wPAk; cilikAk; ,t;Tyfpy;
epy;yhikAs;Sk; newpg;ghLk; - vt;Taph;f;Fk;”
 “Kiwnra;ahd; ngw;w jiyikAk; neQ;rpy;
epiwapyhd; nfhz;l jtKk; - epiwxOf;fk;”
Njhw;wj;jhd; ngw;w tdg;Gk; ,it %d;Wk;
J}w;wpd; fz; J}tpa tpj;J.

 Ntshz; vd;ghd; tpUe;jpUf;f cz;zhjtd;

 jhshsd; vd;gtd; fld;gl thohjhd;
 neQ;rk; mlq;Fjy; tPlhFk;
 Mw;wy; ,y;yhjtd; jiyik, xOf;fk; ,y;yhjtdpd; jtk;, xOf;fj;ij
filgpbf;fhtdpd; moF - Gjhpy; tpijj;j tpijf;F rkk;;.

Page 7
 jkpo; ,yf;fpak;

,d;dhehw;gJ

Mrphpah; - fgpyh;
fhyk; - 4k; E}w;whz;L
rkak; - irtk;
ghtif - ,d;dpir ntz;gh
 ,d;dpir ntz;ghf;fshy; Md 40 ghly;fis nfhz;l E}y;.
 ,d;dJ ,d;dJ ,d;dh vd ehw;gJ ghly;fs; $Wtjhy; ,d;dh ehw;gJ vdg;
ngah; ngw;wJ.
 rptd;> gyuhkd;> jpUkhy;> KUfd; vd;Dk; ehd;F flTs;fisAk; tzq;fhik
,d;dh vd flTs; tho;j;J Jtq;FfpwJ.
 ,d;dhehw;gjpy; 164 ,d;dh nray;fs; $wg;gl;Ls;sd.
 fs;Sz;zhik> GyhYz;zhikia tw;GWj;Jk; E}y;.

Nkw;Nfhs;:

 ‘Mw;wy; ,yhjhd; gpbj;j gil ,d;dh

ehw;wk; ,yhj kyhpd; moF ,d;dh
Njw;wk; ,yhjhd; JzpT,d;dh Mq;F,d;dh
khw;wk; mwpahd; ciu”
 “cz;zhJ itf;Fk; ngUk;nghUs; itg;G ,d;dh”
 “jPikAilahh; mUfpy; ,Uj;jy; ,d;dh”
 “Cidj; jpd;W Cidg;ngUf;fy; Kd;dpd;dh”
 “Fotpfs; cw;wgpzp ,d;dh”

,dpait ehw;gJ
Mrphpah; - G+jQ;Nre;jdhh;
Ch; - kJiu
ngw;Nwhh; - kJiu jkpohrphpah; kfdhh;
fhyk; - fpgp 5-Mk; E}w;whz;L
,aw;wpa E}y;fs; - ,dpait ehw;gJ (gjpndz;fPo;f;fzf;F E}y;), 40
ghly;fs; cs;sd.

rpwg;Gfs;:
 ,dpait ehw;gjpy; flTs; tho;j;J ghlypy; jpUkhy;, rptd;, ehd;Kfd; Mfpa
Kk;%h;j;jpfisAk; tzq;Fjy; ,dpJ vd;W Nghw;wg;gLtjhy; ,th; itztk; ,
irtk; ghFghL Nghw;whjth;.
 flTs; tho;j;ijAk; Nrh;j;J 41 ghly;fs; cs;sd.
 xt;nthU ghlypYk; 3 (m) 4 mwf;fUj;Jf;fs; $wg;gl;Ls;sd.

Page 8
 jkpo; ,yf;fpak;

 Kjy; thpapd; ehd;fhk; rPh;> ,uz;lhk; thpapd; ehd;fhk; rPh;> %d;whk; thpapd;
%d;whk; rPh; ,d;dh vdTk;> %d;whk;; thpapd; ehd;fhk; rPh; Mq;F ,d;dh vd
KbAk;.
 nkhj;jk; 124 ,dpa nray;fs; ,jpy; $wg;gl;Ls;sd
 ,dpait ehw;gJ E}y; ngz;zbik gw;wp $WfpwJ
 ngz;iz ,opTgLj;jy; eQ;R vdf; $Wk; E}y;.
 ,e;E}y; nghUsikg;gpy; jphpfLfj;ij xj;Js;sJ.

Nkw;Nfhs;:

 Fotp gpzpapd;wp tho;jy; ,dpNj

foWk; mitaQ;rhd; fy;tp ,dpNj - ,dpait ehw;gJ

 rytiur; rhuh tpLjy; ,dpNj

Gyth; jk;tha;nkhop Nghw;Wjy;,dpNj - ,dpait ehw;gJ

 fw;whh; Kd; fy;tp ciuj;jy; kpf ,dpNj

gpr;ir Gf;fhapDk; fw;wy; kpf tpdpNj
ehl;lhh;f;F ey;y nray; ,dpNj - ,dpait ehw;gJ

 Fotp jsh;eilf; fz;ly; ,dpNj

mth; koiyf; Nfl;ly; mkpo;jpd; ,dpNj
jlnkd; gidj;Njhs; jsph; ,ayhiu,dpJ
tpl nkd;W czh;jy; - ,dpait ehw;gJ

rpWgQ;r %yk;

Mrphpah; - fhhpahrhd;
,aw;ngah; - fhhp
fhyk; - 5 Mk; E}w;whz;L
,aw;wpa E}y;fs; - rpWgQ;r%yk; (gjpndz;fPo;f;fzf;F E}y;) - 97
ntz;ghf;fshy; MdJ
rpwg;Gfs;:
 fzpNkjhtpahUk; fhhpahrDk; xUrhiy khzth;fs;
 kJiu jkpohrphpah; khf;fhadhhpd; khztd; vd rpwg;ghapuk; $WfpwJ
 ,th; rkz rkaj;ij rhh;ej ; th;
 Ntuhy; ngah; ngw;w E}y; rpWgQ;r%yk;.
 gQ;rk; vd;why; - Ie;J> %yk; vd;why; - Nth;.

Page 9
 jkpo; ,yf;fpak;

 ngUk;ghd;ik nghJ mwf;fUj;Jk;, rpWghd;ik rkz mwf;fUj;JfSk;

mlq;fpa E}y; rpWgQ;r%yk;
 ,e;E}ypy; flTs; tho;j;Jld; 97 ntz;ghf;fs; cs;sd
 fz;lq;fj;jphp, rpWtOJiz (fj;jhpf;fha;), rpWky;yp, ngUky;yp, neUQ;rp Mfpa
cly; Nehia Nghf;Fk; 5 kUe;Jfis Nghy xt;nthU ghlypYk; cs;s 5
fUj;Jfs; kd Nehia jPh;g;gd.
 Ie;J vspa Nth; %yq;fisf; nfhz;lJ rpWgQ;r %yk;> gQ;r %yk; vd;gjw;F
gjhh;j;j Fz rpe;jhkzpAk; nghUs; njhif epfz;Lk; nghUs; $Wfpd;wd.
 Njhy;fd;iwf; fhl;b gRitf; fwf;Fk; gof;fk; nfhbaJ vd;W rpWgQ;r %yk;
$WfpwJ.

Nkw;Nfhs;:

 “fz;tdg;G fz;Nzhl;lk; fhy;tdg;Gr; nry;yhik

vz;tdg;G ,j;Jizahk; vd;Wiuj;jy;-gz;tdg;Gf;
Nfl;lhh;ed; nwd;wy; fpsu;Nte;jd; jd;dhL
thl;lhd; ed;nwd;wy; tdg;G.

Vyhjp

,aw;ngah; - fzpNkjhtpahh;
fhyk; - filrq;f fhyk; (m) fp.gp 5 Mk; E}w;whz;L
,aw;wpa E}y;fs; - Vyhjp, jpizkhiy E}w;iwk;gJ
ghtif - rpwg;ghapuk;, jw;rpwg;ghapuk; cl;gl 81 ntz;ghf;fshy;
MdJ
rpwg;G ngah;fs; - fzpNkijah;
rpwg;Gfs;:
 rkzrkaj;ij rhh;e;jth;
 rkzrkaj;jpd; nfhy;yhik nfhs;ifia Vyhjpapy; $wpAs;shh;
 Vyhjp jkpoUf;F mUkUe;J Nghd;wJ
 ehd;F mbfspy; 6 mwf;fUj;Jfis $WtJ Vyhjp
 Vyhjp gjpndz;fPo;f;fzf;F E}y;fspy; xd;W.
 Vyk;, ,ytq;fk;, rpWehtw;G+, kpsF, jpg;gpyp, Rf;F Mfpaw;why; Md 6 kUe;J
nghUSf;F Vyhjp vd;W ngah;.
 kUe;J clw;gpzpia Nghf;FtJ Nghy ,e;E}ypd; ew;fUj;Jf;fs; fw;Nghhpd;
mwpahikia mfw;Wk;.
 kspif ruf;Ffshy; miof;fg;gLk; E}y; Vyhjp
 xd;gJ vd;w vz;izj; njhz;L vdf;Fwpg;gpl;lth; - fzpNkjhtpah;.

Page 10
 jkpo; ,yf;fpak;

Nkw;Nfhs;:
 “tzq;fp topnahOfp khz;lhh;nrhy; nfhz;L
Ezq;fp E}y; Nehf;fp Eioah” - ,zq;fpa
ghy;Nehf;fp tho;thd; gopapy;yh kd;ddha;
E}y;Nehf;fp tho;thd; Edpj;J

xsitahh; ghly;fs; njhlh;ghd nra;jpfs;

rq;f fhy xsitahh;

 fhyk; - rq;f fhyk;

 ,aw;wpa E}y;fs; - GwehD}W, mfehD}W (2 ghly;), ew;wpid (2 ghly;),
FWe;njhif (8 ghly;), jpUts;Stkhiyapy; 1 ghliy ghbAs;shh;
Kjypatw;wpy; ghly; ghbAs;shh;

rpwg;Gfs;:
 “ehlhF xd;Nwh fhlhF xd;Nwh,
mtyhF xd;Nwh kpirahF xd;Nwh - xsitahh; - GwehD}W

 vq;Nf Mz;fs; ey;yth;fshf ,Uf;fpwhh;fNsh mq;F epyKk; ey;yjhf

,Uf;Fk; vd;W $wpath; - xsitahh;
 xsitahh; mhpa ,sik jUk; ney;ypf;fdpia mjpakhdplkpUe;J ngw;whh;
vDk; nra;jpia GwehD}w;W ghly;fs; %yk; mwpayhk;
 mjpakhdpd; mitf;fsg;Gyth; - xsitahh;
 rq;ffhy ngz; Gyth;fspy; mjpf ghly;fis ghbath; kw;Wk; rpwe;j Gyth; -
xsitahh;

xsitahh;

 ,th; rq;ffhy xsitahUf;F kpfTk; gpw;gl;lth;

 fk;gh;, xl;lf;$j;jh;, GfNoe;jp Gyth;, nraq;nfhz;lhh; ,th; rk fhyj;jth;fs;
 Mj;jp#b, nfhd;iw Nte;jd;, %Jiu, ey;top Nghd;w 4 ePjp E}y;fis
ghbAs;shh;
 Mj;jp#bapy; nkhj;jk; 108 ghly;fs; cs;sd

Nkw;Nfhs;:

“fw;wJifk; kz;zsT fy;yhj(J) cyfsntd;(W)

cw;w fiykile;ij XJfpwhs;” - xsitahh; (fy;tpf;F vy;iy ,y;iy)

Page 11