Professional Documents
Culture Documents
QJFL[BELN
QJFL[BELN DCNPJNWB ELD LNLD
OLIB LWN
DLOZQ
DLO ZQL
L[JN MJHO
MJHOJ_
J_
@LWBFB[L[C_
?
QJNIJ_[BLN
Lnld
lklfle sjsjcrlni ylni ojfuh ojrusbl <5
(kjflpln ojfls) tleun, tjrhlsud Lnld ylni
hlsbe klflh dlnkuniln.
7
QJNIJ_[BLN
Dloupltjn/Dctl Flyld Lnld (DFL)
lklfle dloupltjn/dctl kjniln sbstjh
pjholniunln ylni hjnmlhbn pjhjnueln
eld Lnld kln pjrfbnkuniln deusus Lnld ylni
kbfldudln sjglrl tjrjnglnl, hjnyjfurue, kln
ojrdjflnmutln.
;
QJNIJ_[BLN
Djobmldln DFL
lklfle pjkchln pjnyjfjniilrlln
pjnyjfjniilrlln DFL olib
djhjntjrbln/fjholil, pjhjrbntle kljrle
prcvbnsb, kln pjhjrbntle kljrle
dloupltjn/dctl untud hjhpjrgjplt
tjrwumuknyl
tjrwumuknyl Bnkcnjsbl flyld
flyld Lnld.
:
QJNIJ_[BLN
Qjrfbnkuniln Lnld
lklfle sjilfl djibltln untud hjnmlhbn kln
0
77,;%
00,0%
Qjnkukud Zsbl
> <5 [leun
Wuhojr = Qrc`f
Wuhojr Lnld
= Qrc`bf Bnkcnjsbl
Lnld, ?1<9??1<0
1<0
5
Bntjrvjnsb 3
Wtrltjib 3
Hlslfle3
1 - 6<5 te ?5 - 6;0 te
[e [e
?1<9 ?1;:
2
DFLW[J_ BB
FBNIDZNILN DJFZL_IL KLN
DFLW[J_ P Qjrfbnkuniln
QJ_FBNKZNILN DEZWZW Deusus Lnld
DFL
<1
Dlo/Dctl
Ebmlu
Dlo/Dctl
Gjrkls Dlo/Dctl
Dlo/Dctl Qjkufb
Dlo/Dctl
Bndfusb Flyld ELH
Lnld
(DFL)
Dlo/Dctl
Lhln
Dlo/Dctl Ojnglnl
Wjelt
<<
HJNILQL
DFL Kbpjrfudln3
• Lnld </7 klrb
klrb tctlf pjnkuku
pjnkukud.
d.
• Lhlnle Bntjrnlsbcnlf
Bntjrnlsbcnlf kln Nl
Nlsbcnlf.
sbcnlf.
• Lnld hjrupldln
hjrupldln bnvjstlsb WKH.
• Lnld sjolilb tcnidlt jstl`jt pjnjrus hl
hlsl
sl
kjpln olnisl.
• DFL sjolilb wumuk nyltl bhpfjhjntlsb
Dcnvjnsb Eld Lnld kln ojrolilb pjrlturln
pjrunklni-unklniln
pjrunklni-unkl niln kln djobmldln tjrdlbt
‖Qjhjnueln Eld
Eld Lnld kln Qjrfbnkuniln
Qjrfbnkuniln
Deusus Lnld‘
<7
DLQLN DFL
DFL huflb
Kbdjholnidln3
?171
?110-?1<1= ?1 Dlo/Dctl
?1<1 _jvbtlfbslsb
?1<<-?1<9= 7;2 Dlo/Dctl
?110
Qbfcni DFL
kb : dlo/dctl
?1<5
?1<0 Qjnijho
Qjnijho
DFL kb >;11
DFL kb 71?
dlo/dctl
dlo/dctl
?1<7 ?1<;
?1<: ?1<9
Qjnijho Qjnijho
Qjnijho Qjnijho
DFL kb <5; DFL kb ?72
?1<1 ?1<? dlo/dctl DFL kb ?0; DFL kb 7;2
?115 Qbfcni DFL kb Qjnijho DFL dlo/dctl dlo/dctl dlo/dctl
Qbfcni DFL kb ?1 dlo/dctl ?1<< kb 01 dlo/dctl
<1 dlo/dctl Qjnijho DFL kb <;
7: dlo/dctl
Q_CPBNWB 7;
?171 FLRLD LNLD
(Q_CPBFL)
DLO/DC[L :<0
FLRLD LNLD
(DFL)
DJGLHL[LN 0.927
FLRLD LNLD
57,; (DJFLNL)
Mutl
LNLD
KJWL/
DJFZ_LELN 92.19:
FLRLD LNLD
(KJDJFL)
0: DJFZL_IL
_LHLE
Mutl
LNLD <:
OLILBHLNL Hjnijholnidln
DFL3
9. Qjflpcrln
:. Qjfldslnlln
[lelp Qjrjnglnlln
;. Qjnyusunln _jnglnl Ldsb Kljrle
<. Dchbthjn
<0
W[_L[JIB BN[J_PJNWB=
@CDZW QLKL ‖QJNGJILELN‘
Hjflfub Djfulril = Hjflfub Wjdcfle=
- Qjnilsueln Ojrolsbs Eld - Wjdcfle _lhle Lnld
Lnld Hjflfub
- kff
- QZWQLIL Fbniduniln=
- Qjngjileln Qjrdlwbnln Lnld - _O_L
- kff - _LWW+]CWW
- QDL
Hjflfub Djfulril
- H_L
Qjniilntb=
- Qlntb/FDWL Lnld - Q_L kb @lsdjs
- FQDL
- Oclrkbni Wgeccf
- Qjslntrjn
- kff Hjflfub _jibcn/Ybflyle=
- BKCFL ?171
- Q_CPBFL
Flnisuni dj Lnld = - DFL
- Ldtl Djflebrln - DJFLNL
- BFL= QBWL kln [jWL <?2
- @cruh Lnld= ?Q, QLQQ - KJDJFL
<9
<5
<. Qjrkl DFL4 ?. [jrfjholil DFL4 7. Djtjrfboltln Hlsylrldlt, Kunbl Zslel & Hjkbl
Wukle Hjnibnbsblsb
Ojfuh
<?5
(?;%)
750
(90%)
<2
:
?5
2
2 5 ?
0
;
<2 5
? 9
9 7
; 7
9
<1 <? ? <1 0
<9
5
0
5
<5
7:
7?
: 2 0 ?
?1
QJ_L[Z_LN Q_JWBKJN
[JN[LNI
DJOBMLDLN DLOZQL[JN/DC[L
FLRLD LNLD (DFL)
DJOBMLDLN DFL
ojrtumuln untud=
l. hj
hjwu
wumu
mukd
kdln
ln d
dlo
loup
uplt
ltjn
jn/d
/dct
ctl
l kb sjfu
sjfuru
rue
e
Bnkcnjsbl hjnmlkb DFL4 kln
o. hj
hjwu
wumu
mukd
kdln
ln pjhj
pjhjnu
nueln
eln eld
eld Ln
Lnld
ld kln
kln
pjrfbnkuniln deusus Lnld.
?;
DJOBMLDLN DFL
tjrkbrb ltls=
l. Kc
Kcdu
duhj
hjn
n Nls
Nlsbc
bcnl
nlff Djobm
jobmld
ldln
ln DFL4
DFL4 kln
kln
o. _j
_jng
nglnl
lnl Ld
Ldsb
sb Nlsbcn
Nlsbcnlf
lf Qjnyj
jnyjfjn
fjnii
iilr
lrlln
lln
DFL.
?:
KCDZHJN NLWBCNLF
DJOBMLDLN DFL
g. djs
jsje
jelt
ltln
ln klslr
klslr kln
kln djs
jsjm
jmle
letj
tjrl
rlln
ln44
k. pj
pjnk
nkbk
bkbd
bdln
ln,, pjhln
pjhlnlltl
lltln
n wl
wldt
dtu
u fulni,
fulni, kln
kln
djibltln ouklyl4 kln
j. pj
pjrf
rfbn
bnku
kuni
niln
ln deus
deusus
us..
?9
QJNRJFJNIIL_LLN DFL
Qjrlturln
DFL Kljrle elrus
ylni hjnilgu hjhult
djplkl _jnglnl
Djobmldln DFL. Ldsb Kljrle
?2
QJNRJFJNIIL_LLN DFL
<. hlsylrldlt=
‗ crlni pjrsjcrlniln4
‗ fjholil pjrfbnkuniln Lnld4
‗ fjholil djsjmletjrlln scsblf4
‗ crilnbslsb djhlsylrldltln4 kln
‗
fjholil pjnkbkbdln.
?. hjkbl hlssl
7. kunbl uslel
71
HJN[J_B QQQL
IZOJ_NZ_
prcvbnsb.
Hjfldudln jvlfulsb pjnyjfjniilrlln DFL
sjglrl ojrdlfl sjlp tleun sjsulb
djwjnlnilnnyl.
7?
OZQL[B/YLFBDC[L
dloupltjn/dctl.
Hjhojntud iuius tuils DFL.
Hjfldudln jvlfulsb pjnyjfjniilr
pjnyjfjniilrlln
lln DF
DFLL sjglrl
ojrdlfl sjlp tleun sjsulb djw
djwjnlnilnny
jnlnilnnyl.
l.
77
ojrsuhojr klrb=
l. Ln
Lnii
iilr
lrln
ln Qjn
jnklp
klplt
ltln
ln kln Oj
Ojfln
flnml
ml Nj
Nji
ilr
lrl4
l4
o. Ln
Lnii
iilr
lrln
ln Qjn
jnklp
klplt
ltln
ln kln Oj
Ojfln
flnml
ml K
Kljr
ljrle4
le4
kln/ltlu
g. su
suho
hojr
jr fflb
lbnn
nny
yl y
yln
lni
i sl
sle
ekkln
ln
kl
kld
d hj
hjni
nibd
bdlt
lt
ojrklslrdln djtjntuln pjrlturln pjrunklni-
unklniln.
7:
15<0 9: 50 11
fjnnyrcslfbnAihlbf.gch