KLBKKULB JCBH^ PLFL NLSC NL^U ILDC^, NLSC NLICVL FLB LBLM

P^LQEMHILD

^EQUJE

Fcsusub Hied Meihjphm <?

Ltcml Jctrl Eiwcbfl (BCJ P0 5<601<3006)

Flggcbl Qylzld Cbfrclby (BCJ P0 5<601<300;)

Putrc Vutc Hivc (BCJ P0 5<601<30>0)

Qdlislnciciild Fegcl Putrc (BCJ P0 5<601<30>7

Vlbcl Lprciclbtc Gldievc (BCJ P0 5<601<3010

Wejjy _eipctl (BCJ P0 5<601<301>

Fhseb Pebkljpud?

Nubfl Eise Qrc ^ldlyu, J.Vr. Men

P^HFC QL^OLBL VE^LPLB MENCFLBLB

OU^UQLB MENCFLBLB

PHIVEMMEQ MEJEBMEQ NEBKMUIU

MEJEBVE^CLB MEQEDLVLB ^EPUNICM CBFHBEQCL

VLDUB LOL^LB >0></>0>>

Jldlscswl
Jldlscswl neilolr tebtlbk
tebtlbk Nlyc nlru ildcr Bhrjli, perunldlb gcschihkc NNI, mlrlmtercst
mlrlmtercstcm
cm
NNI, Pertujnudlb flb permejnlbklb nlyc, nlictl flb lblm uscl prlsemhild, mhbsep pscmhihkc
permejlbklb jlbusclflrc prebltli ‑ jlsl lblm-lblm, klbkkulb jcbhr nlyc, nlictl flb lblm
uscl prlsemhild,
prlsemhild, Fetemsc
Fetemsc fcbc flb pebltlilmsl
pebltlilmslbllb
bllb lwli klwlflrurltlb
klwlflrurltlb nlyc flb lblm, Butrcsc
Butrcsc
plfl nlyc,
nly c, nlictl flb lblm, jlslild plfl nlyc, nlictl flb lblm,
lbl m, jlslmld nlyc rescmh tcbkkc flb
peblbklblbbyl, pejnerclb hnlt flb vctljcb plfl nlyc, nlictl flb lblm, stcjuilsc flb fetemsc
fcbc pertujnudlb flb permejnlbklb nlyc, nlictl flb lblm, cbtervebsc fcbc klbkkulb tujnud
mejnlbk lblm flb nlictl, cjubcslsc, Prcbscp Butrcsc plfl NNI (nrelstgeefcbk), Ejnrchkebebcs
ujuj olbcb flb glmthr yk jejpebklrudc prhses ejnrchkebescs, cbfcmlthr mesedltlb NNI,
glmthr ylbk jejpebklrudc mesedltlb nlyc flb nlictl, fetemsc fcbc pebylmct mhbkcbetli flb
pebylmct nlyc flb nlictl, lpicmlsc JVNQ flb JVNQ, JPLQC, Pejlslbklb oliur CW flb sljpei
mlpcier
mlpcier,, pebylmc
pebylmctt lblm
lblm flb nlictl
nlictl ylbkil
ylbkilzcj
zcj fc cbfhbe
cbfhbescl
scl,, lblicss
lblicsscc menuudl
menuudlb
b pejerc
pejercmsl
msllb
lb
pebubolbk, Lbtcacplthry kucflbae ubtum jebkurlbkc rcscmh meaeilmllb flb QCFQ, icbkmubklb

ylbk ljlb ubtum nlyc flb lblm flb peberlplb jlbloejeb

jlbloejeb flb fhmujebtlsc
fhmujebtlsc mencflblb
mencflblb flilj
lsudlb behbltus, nlyc, nlictl flb lblm.
 L. Klbkkulb Jcbhr Plfl Nlyc Nlru Ildcr

<. Nlyc Nerlt Ildcr ^ebfld (NNI^)

Nlyc Nerlt Ildcr ^ebfld (NNI^) clild nlyc nlru ildcr ylbk nerlt nlflb sllt ildcr
murlbk flrc >500 krlj. Cstcild NNI^ sljl febklb prejlturctls. Bljub, NNI^ tcflm
dlbyl terolfc plfl nlyc prejltur, oukl nlyc ylbk aumup nuilb febklb NN 9 >.500 krlj
(Prhgci Mesedltlb Cbfhbescl, >0<6= Jlbulnl, >0<0).

>. Dcphterjc

Dcphterjc lflild sudu tunud nlyc nlru ildcr ylbk tcflm bhrjli (917¿A) plfl
pebkumurlb sudu jeiliuc lmscil, fcjlbl sudu tunud nlyc nlru ildcr bhrjli lflild
17,5¿A-1;,5¿A (sudu lmscil). Dcphterjc jeruplmlb sultu tlbfl nldlyl mlrebl flplt
jebyen
jeb yenlnml
lnmlbb ter
terolf
olfcby
cbyll per
perunl
unldlb
dlb jet
jetlnhi
lnhicsj
csjee tun
tunud
ud ylbk lml
lmlb
b ner
nerlmd
lmdcr
cr feb
febklb
klb
meklklilb gubksc olbtubk plru flb mejltclb (FepMes ^C, >00;).

1. Dcperncicruncbejcl
Dcperncicruncbejcl lflild cmterus fk mhbsebtrlsc ncicruncb seruj yk jebourus me
lrld terolfcbyl merb cmterus ltlu ebseglihpltc ncicruncb ncil mlflr ncicruncb tcflm flplt
fcmebflicmlb. Cmterus lflild perunldlb wlrbl muict flb smierl jebolfc mubcbk lmcnlt
pebcbkmltlb mlflr ncicrunc
ncicruncb
b flilj flrld (dcpernci
(dcperncicruncbejl).
cruncbejl). Plfl nlyc lterj cmterus
tljplm ocml mhbsebtrlsc ncicruncb seruj jebalplc 45-<>0 µjhi/I (jyies,>003).

Ferlolt Permcrllb Mlflr

Flerld Cmterus
Ncicruncb
Cmterus
C Flerld meplil flb ieder 5,0 jk%
CC Nlflb ltls 3,0 jk%
CCC Nlflb nl
nlwld dcbkkl iutut <<,6 jk%
CW Iebklb, mlmc nlwld <>,6 jk%
W Veilplm tlbklb flb mlmc <7,0 jk%

6. Dcphkicmejcl
Mlflr kiumhsl seruj 9 65jk% (9>,7 jjhi/I) seiljl nenerlpl dlrc pertljl medcfuplb.
Bcilc mlflr kiumhse flrld/pilsjl ltlu seruj ubtum fclkbhscs Dcphkicmejcl plfl
nernlklc meihjphm ujur lblm?

Meihjphm Ujur Kihmusl9jk/fi Flrld

Pilsjl/seruj
 Nlyc/lblm 960 jk/<00 ji 965 jk/<00 ji
Behbltus
* NNI^ 9>0 jk/<00 ji 9>5 jk/<00 ji
* NAN
0 - 1 dr 910 jk/<00 ji 915 jk/<00 ji
1 dr 960 jk/<00 ji 965 jk/<00 ji

5. Meolbk
Meolbk jeruplmlb kerlmlb cbvhiubter mihbcm ltlu thbcm plfl sltu ltlu iencd lbkkhtl
kerlm. Nclslbyl suict fc meblic flb terolfc plfl uscl 7 nuilb ‑ 7 tldub.

7. Klbkkulb Blgls
Qcbfrhj klwlt blgls lflild sybfrhje klwlt blgls ylbk fcsenlnmlb fegcscebsc surglmtlb
terutljl plfl nlyc ylbk ildcr febklb jlsl kestlsc murlbk.

;. Meilcblb Mhbkebctli
l. Ltrescl Eshglkus
Ltrescl eshglkus lflild jliphrjlsc ylbk fcsenlnmlb hied meklklilb eshglkus
ubtum jebklflmlb plslse ylbk mhbtcbu? eshpdlkus jubkmcb slol ltlu jubkmcb oukl
tcflm
tcflm jej
jejnebt
nebtum
um slj
sljnubk
nubklb
lb febk
febklb
lb trl
trlmel
mel (gc
(gcstu
stuil
il trl
trlmehe
meheshp
shplku
lkus)
s) ltl
ltluu ltr
ltresc
escll
eshpdlkus lflild meklklilb eshpdlkus ubtum jejnebtum sliurlb mhtcbu flrc glrcbk me
iljnubk seiljl permejnlbklb ejnrchbcm lflpub pebkertclb ilcb ylctuncil senul sekjeb
eshhglkus
eshhglkus jebkliljc klbkkulb flilj pertujnudlbbyl
pertujnudlbbyl (ahbkebctli)
(ahbkebctli) flb tetlp senlkl
nlkclb tcpcs tlbpl iunlbk sliurlb.
Verflplt sultu pebylmct ylbk sercbk jebyertlc pebylmct cbc ylmbc gcstuil trlmeheshglkus.
Gcstuil trlmeheshglkus lflild sultu meilcblb dunubklb lbtlrl trlmel flb eshglkus.
n. Ilnchsmczcs flb Ilnchplilthsmczcs
 Ilnch/Plilth smcscs jeruplmlb mhbkebctli ylbk nerupl lflbyl meilcblb nebtum
plfl strumtur wlold (Bklstcld, >005? <7;)
 Ncncr sujncbk lflild jlighrjlsc ylbk fcsenlnmlb hied klklibyl prhpsuesus
blsli jefclb flb jlmscilrcs ubtum jebyltu seiljl permejnlbklb ejnrchtcm.
([hbk, Fhbbl I. >001)
 PliPlilth
lthsmc
smcscs
scs lfli
lflild
ld gc
gcssu
ssurl
rl klr
klrcs
cs teb
tebkld
kld plf
plfll phi
philtu
ltuj
j ylb
ylbk
k ter
terolf
olfcc mlr
mlrebl
ebl
meklklilb > scsc ubtum jebyltu mlrebl permejnlbklb ejnrchtcm ([hbk, Fhbbl
I. >001)

a. Ltrescl
 Lbc
Ltrescl Lbc jeruplmlb slild sltu meilcblb nlwllb, fcjlbl lbus tljplm bhrjli,
tetlpc plfl pejercmsllb ahihm funur olrc tcflm flplt jlsum iencd flrc <-> aj.
Cbscfebs? <? 1.000-5.000 meildcrlb dcfup. Qcbhbcj Ltrescll Lbc : Cjperghrltef Lbli
: Jlighrjlsc Lbhremtli : Lbhremtli Lbhjlic.
Meil
Me ilcb
cblb
lb nl
nlwl
wllb
lb lb
lbus
us fc
fcse
senl
nlnm
nmlb
lb hi
hied
ed kl
klbk
bkku
kulb
lb pepert
rtuj
ujnu
nudl
dlb,
b, gu
gusc
sc,, fl
flb
b
pejnebtumlb lbus flrc thbohilb ljnrchkebcm. Plfl meilcblb nlwllb lbus ujujbyl
u jujbyl
tcflm lfl meilcblb remtuj, sgcbkter, flb htht flslr plbkkui. Bljub fejcmclb plfl
lkebescs lbus, sgcbkter cbterb jubkmcb tcflm jejlflc.

f. Klstrhsmczcs flb Hjglihmei

Meilcblb fcbfcbk perut jeruplmlb mealaltlb ylbk reiltcg sercbk, jubaui
mcrl-mcrl < flilj >.000 meildcrlb dcfup. Pejercmsllb fcbfcbk feplb lnfhjeb flb
pebejpeilb
pebejpei lb tlic puslt slbklt fclbourmlb fc sejul pejercmsllb UQK plfl trcjester
meful flb metckl. Ful meilcblb ylbk tersercbk lflild klstrhsadcscs flb hjpdlihaeie
Hjpdlihaeiie hied Ljnrhc
Ljnrhcss Plre (<5<0-
(<5<0-<530)
<530) fcilphrmlb
fcilphrmlb senlklc melfllb ylbk
sercus ylbk jejnutudmlb perdltclb ylbk mdusus mlrebl prhkbhscsbyl ylbk oeiem.
Qljplc sltu lnlf terlmdcr sllt menerdlscilb pertljl fcilphrmlb febklb replcr sealrl
prcjer plfl hjpdlihaeie.
hjpdlihaeie.

e. Derbcl Fclgrlkjltcml
Verjlsum meilcblb nlwllb ylbk terolfc mlrebl tcflm ternebtumbyl senlkclb
fclgrlkjl, sedcbkkl lfl nlkclb csc perut jlsum me flilj rhbkkl thrlm.

g. Jebcbkhmei flb Ebseglihmei

Jebcbkhmei lflild slild sltu flrc tckl oebcs meilcblb nlwllb spcbl ncgcfl.
Jebcbkhmei lflild jebcbkebs ylbk jebhbohi jeiliuc vertenrl ylbk tcflm utud flb
terlnl sen
terlnl senlkl
lklcc sul
sultu
tu neb
nebohi
ohilb
lb ner
nercsc
csc alc
alcrlb
rlb fcn
fcnlwl
lwldd mui
muict.
ct. Mei
Meilcb
lcblb
lb nlw
nlwllb
llb csc
meplil meiulr jeiliuc iunlbk plfl tebkmhrlm ltlu tuilbk neilmlbk.

l. Jlslild ylbk Ilzcj terolfc plfl NNI

l. Jubtld
Meiulr mej
Meiulr mejnli
nlicc sen
senlkc
lkclb
lb nes
neslr
lr ltl
ltlu
u sei
seiuru
urud
d csc iljnubk
iljnubk ylbn
ylbnkk ter
terolf
olfcc sea
sealrl
lrl plms
plmsll
jeiliuc juiut, fcsertlc mhbtrlmsc iljnubk flb lnfhjeb. Pebyenlnbyl mlrebl meilcblb
mhbkcbe
mhbkcbetli
tli sli
sliurl
urlbb peb
pebaer
aerbll
bllb
b jlm
jlmlbl
lblb
b ltl
ltlu
u alr
alrll pej
pejner
nerclb
clb jlm
jlmlblb
lblb ylbk slislild.
ld.
Pebltlilmslbllbbyl febklb alrl mloc glmthe pebyenln, olbklb nercmlb jlmlblb ylbk
jerlbkslbk, pernlcmc tembcm jebyusuc, sebflwlmlb nlyc flb ruoum ncil lfl meilcblb.

n. Kujhd
 Meiulrbyl mejnlic susu ylbk teild fcteilb metcml ltlu nenerlpl sllt seteild jcbuj susu
nhthi ltlu jebyusuc flb flilj oujild dlbyl sefcmct. Pebyenlnbyl mlrebl nlyc sufld
mebylbk, nlyc teriliu lmtcg, miep pebutup iljnubk neiuj nergubksc sejpurbl, phscsc
lblm/nlyc sllt jebyusuc ylbk tcflm neblr, flb gubksc percstlitcm ylbk neiuj sejpurbl.
Pebltli
Pebl tlilms
lmslbl
lbllbby
lbbyll febk
febklb
lb alr
alrll jej
jejper
pernlc
nlcmc
mc tem
tembcm
bcm jeb
jebyus
yusuc/
uc/jej
jejner
nercml
cmlb
b sus
susu,
u,
sebflwlmlb nlyc, flb olbklb ilbksubk jebklbkmlt nlyc sllt kujhd.

a. Fclre
Lflild nulbk lcr neslr febklb gremuebsc 1x ltlu iencd perdlrc, fcsertlc perunldlbbyl
jebolfc alcr febklb ltlu tlbpl iebfcr flb flrld ylbk terolfc plfl nlyc flb lblm ylbk
seneiu
seneiujby
jbyll tlj
tljplm
plm sed
sedlt.
lt. Peby
Pebyenl
enlnbyl
nbyl mlr
mlrebl
ebl nly
nlycc ter
termhbt
mhbtljc
ljcbls
blscc ges
geses
es cnu ylb
ylbk
k
jebklbfubk mujlb plthkeb sllt fcildcrmlb, cbgemc scilbk flrc petukls mesedltlb ylbk
jebkliljc fclre flb dykcebe ylbk nurum, fht ylbk tcflm fcstercimlb seneiuj fckublmlb,
flb ilcb-ilcb. Pebltlilmslbllbbyl febklb alrl? ubtum perthihbklb pertljl fcrujld,
nercmlb hlrlict mlrebl jeruplmlb perthihbklb pertljl seneiuj fc nlwl me
^Q/Pusmesjls.
Pebltlilmslbllbbyl fc ^Q? Jejnercmlb alcrlb flb jebkltur mesecjnlbklb
eiemtrhict, terlpc redcfrlsc, mhilnhrlsc ubtum terlpc pejnerclb lbtcnchtcm sesulc febklb
mujlb pebyenlnbyl, jebauac tlbklb seneiuj flb sessufld mhbtlm febklb nlyc ubtum
jebaekl
jeb aekld d peb
pebuil
uilrlb
rlb,, flb tc
tcflm
flm fcl
fclbou
bourml
rmlb
b ubt
ubtum
um jej
jejner
nercml
cmlb
b lbt
lbtcc fce
fcelre
lre flb hnl
hnlt-
t-
hnltlb pebkebtli geses.

f. Qenhrrdel
Lflild rlflbk nerupl scscm ylbk neriejlm plfl flerld ylbk jejcicmc nlbylm meiebolr
senlsel, nclslbyl fc flerld meplil.

e. Ncsuilb
Qultu perflbklb plfl muict yblk nclslbyl jebkeblc ghicmei rljnut flb fcsenlnmlb hied
mujbstlpdyihahaaus nerupl semujpuilb blbld ylbk teild terlmujuilsc fcflilj rhbkkl
olrcbklb seteild tercbgemsc sesultu.

g. Jcicrclscs
Meilcblb
Meilcblb mui
muict
ct ylbk fct
fctlbf
lbflc
lc feb
febklb
klb mej
mejerl
erldlb
dlb fcs
fcsert
ertlc
lc feb
febklb
klb kei
keiejn
ejnubk
ubk fcs
fcsert
ertlc
lc
keiejnubk meaci nerlcr ylbk tcjnui lmcnlt mercbklt neriencdlb fcsertlc sujnltlb.

k. Neralm jhbkhi

Neralm newlrbl ncru ylbk nclslbyl tericdlt fc nlkclb slmrli, wlilupub mlflbk tericdlt fc nlk
tunud yk ilcb.

d. Dejlbkchjl
Qultu tujhr olrcbklb iublm lmcnlt prhicgerlsc flrc pejnuiud flrld yk tcflm bhrjli flb
flplt terolfc plfl setclp olrcbklb pejnuiud flrld.

N. Klbkk
Klbkkulb
ulb Jcbh
Jcbhrr plfl Nlyc
Nlyc
<. Jlrlsjus
Jlrlsjus terolfc mlrebl eberkc ylbk tcflm aumup. Plfl pebferctl ylbk jebferctl
jlrlsjus, pertujnudlbbyl lmlb nermurlbk ltlu terdebtc, sercbk ternlbkub plfl wlmtu
jlilj, jebkliljc mhbstcplsc ltlu fclre. Fclre plfl pebferctl jlrlsjus lmlb tericdlt
nerupl neralm dcolu tul ylbk terfcrc flrc sefcmct iebfcr flb sefcmct tcbol. Klbkkulb plfl
muict lflild turkhr muict lmlb jebkdcilbk flb pebferctl tericdlt mercput. Lplncil keolil
nertljnld nerlt, iejlm plfl nlkclb pcpc lmlb jebkdcilbk flb pebferctl tericdlt sepertc
wlold sehrlbk tul. Webl supergcsclics lmlb tericdlt oeils, unub-unub neslr aemubk, tuilbk
pcpc flb flku jebhbohi flb jltl tljplm neslr flb flilj. Perut tljplm jejnubact ltlu
aemubk febklb kljnlrlb usus ylbk oeils flb tljplm ltrhpc (Dlsslb et li, >005).

Jlrlsjus lflild slild sltu nebtum memurlbklb kczc ylbk fcsenlnmlb mlrebl tunud
memurlbklb prhtecb flb mlihrc. pebylmct cbc nlbylm fctejumlb plfl lblm neruscl 0->
tldub. Jlrlsjus lmlb jejnult tunud jebolfc iencd murus, nerlt nlflb ylbk slbklt
murlbk flb tcflm ncsl nerlmtcvctls febklb bhrjli. Pebylmct cbc nlbylm fctejumlb fc
mlwlsl
mlw lslb
b Beklrl
Beklrl lgrcml
lgrcml flb Beklrl
Beklrl-be
-beklr
klrll ylbk jlscd
jlscd jebkdl
jebkdlflpc
flpc mhbgic
mhbgicm
m pejcau
pejcau
meilplrlb.

Jlrlsjus lflild nebtum JEP (jlibutrcsc eberkc prhtecb) nerlt lmcnlt prhtecb flb

eberkc (mlihrc) ylbk tcflm lfemult flilj fcet (Adrcs Nrhhmer, >003). Vlbfl flb keolil
jlrlsjus (pusfltcb mejebmes ^C, >0<5), lflild senlklc nercmut ?

• Umur
Umurlb
lb mepl
mepliil tc
tcflm
flm sen
senlb
lbfc
fcbk
bk febk
febklb
lb umur
umurlb
lb tu
tunu
nud
d

• muict jebolfc mercbk flb nerscscm

• Vlj
Vljplm
plm slb
lbkl
kltt muru
murus,
s, dc
dcbk
bkkl
kl sepe
seperrtc tuil
tuilbk
bk tern
ternub
ubkm
kmus
us muic
muictt. ner
nerlt nlfl
nlflb
b
970%

nerlt nlflb bhrjli sesulc usclbyl

• [lold se
sepertc h
hrrlbk tu
tul (h
(hif jl
jlb gl
glae)

• Aebkebk, rewei
 • Muic
Muictt me
merc
rcpu
put,
t, ol
olrc
rcbk
bklb
lb ie
iejl
jlm
m sun
sunmu
mutl
tlb
b sl
slbk
bklt
lt se
sefc
fcmc
mctt

• Nebtum perut aemubk

• Qerc
Qercbk
bk fcs
fcser
erttlc fclr
fclree mrh
mrhbc
bcm
m (t
(ter
erus
us--jebe
jeberu
russ)

• rljnut tcpcs flb jufld rhbthm

• Jufld termebl cbgemsc

>. Mwlsdchrmhr

Mwlsdchrmhr lflild nebtum JEP (Jlibutrcsc Eberkc Prhtecb) ylbk terolfc metcml lblm
fcslpcd/febklb fcet rebfld prhtecb, tetlpc oujild eberkc flrc sujner eberkc mlrnhdcfrlt
jejlflc (Adrcs Nrhhmer, >003). Mwlsdchrmhr iencd nlbylm terflplt plfl uscl <-1 tldub
ylbk sercbk terolfc plfl lblm ylbk teriljnlt jebylpcd sedcbkkl mhjphscsc kczc jlmlblb
tcflm secjnlbk terutljl flilj dli prhtecb.

Mwlsdchrmhr jeruplmlb pebylmct lmcnlt memurlbklb kczc plfl nlyc flb nlictl ylbk
fcsenl
fcsenlnmlb
nmlb memurlb
memurlbklb
klb prhtec
prhtecb
b lmut.
lmut. Pebylmc
Pebylmctt cbc jejlbk
jejlbk jcrcp
jcrcp sepert
sepertcc jlrlsj
jlrlsjus,
us,
bljub
blj ub plfl
plfl pebfer
pebferctl
ctl mwlsdc
mwlsdchrm
hrmhr
hr terflpl
terflpltt efejl
efejl plfl nlkclb
nlkclb mlmc.
mlmc. Pebylmc
Pebylmctt cbc
jejlbk plfl lwlibyl fcfetemsc
jejlbk fcfetemsc mlrebl memurlbklb
memurlbklb prhtecb tlpc seneblrbyl
seneblrbyl pebylmct cbc
oukl fcsenlnmlb mlrebl memurlbklb vctljcb flb jcberli. Pebferctl rebtlb termebl
nernlklc pebylmct ylbk fcsenlnmlb mlrebl cbgemsc nldmlb seteild jebflplt vlmscb
tertebtu.

Plfl pe
Plfl pebf
bfer
erct
ctll ylbk
ylbk jebf
jebfer
erct
ctll mwls
mwlsdcdchr
hrmh
mhr,
r, lb
lblm
lm lmlb
lmlb jebkl
jebklil
iljc
jc klbkk
klbkkulb
ulb
pertujnudlb, perunldlb jebtli ylctu plfl nclslbyl pebferctl aebkebk flb plfl stlfcuj
ilbout jebolfc lpltcs flb senlkclb neslr pebferctl fctejumlb efejl. Qeilcb ctu, peferctl
lmlb jebkliljc keolil klstrhcbtestcbli ylctu lbhremscl flb fclre. Dli cbc jubkmcb mlrebl
klbkkulb gubksc dltc, plbmrels flb usus. ^ljnut meplil pebferctl mwlsdchrmhr seblbk
fcalnut tlbpl rlsl slmct (Dlsslb et li, >005).
>00 5).

Plfl pebferctl stlfcuj ilbout, rljnut lmlb tericdlt muslj, mercbk, dlius, olrlbk flb
nerwlrbl putcd. Muict jebolfc mercbk febklb jebuboummlb klrcs-klrcs ylbk iencd
jebflilj
jebfli lj flb ienlr. terolfc perunldlb muict ylbk mdls ylctu arlzy plvejebt
plvejebt ferjlthsc
ferjlthscss
ylbk jeruplmlb neralm-neralm putcd ltlu jerld jufl febklb tepc dctlj flb fctejumlb
plfl nlkclb tunud ylbk sercbk jebflplt temlblb flb fcsertlc meiejnlplb. Plfl perlnllb
dltc fctejumlb dltc jejneslr, mebyli, perjumllb icacb, flb pcbkkcrlb tlolj. Lbejcl
rcbklb oukl fctejumlb flb terolfcbyl meilcblb mcjcl ylctu mlflr linujcb seruj ylbk
rebfld flb mlflr kihnuicb ylbk bhrjli ltlu sefcmct jebcbkkc (Dlsslb et li, >005).

Vlbfl flb keolil mwlsdchrmhr (pusfltcb mejebmes ^C, >0<5), lflild senlklc nercmut?

• jebk
jebkli
lilj
ljcc pejneb
pejnebkm
kmlm
lmlb
lb (e
(efej
fejl)
l) fcse
fcseiu
iuru
rud
d tu
tunu
nud,
d, te
teru
rutl
tljl
jl pl
plfl
fl pu
pubkk
bkkub
ubk
k ml
mlmc
mc

(fhrsuj pefcs)
• wlol
wlold
d lblm
lblm jej
jejnu
nuil
iltt flb
flb sejn
sejnln
ln (jh
(jhhb
hb glae
glae))

• htht
htht jebkea
jebkeaci
ci jebyen
jebyenlnm
lnmlb
lb iebkl
iebklb
b ltls
ltls murus,
murus, umur
umurlb
lb IcIL
IcIL 9<6aj
9<6aj

• juba
jubaui
ui rulj
rulj jerld
jerld jufl
jufl plfl
plfl mu
muic
ictt fl
flb
b nerunl
nerunld
d jebo
jebolfc
lfc ahmi
ahmilt
lt medct
medctlj
ljlb
lb iliu
iliu
jebkeiupls

• mu
murrlbk bl
blggsu jlmlb

• rljnut jebcpcs
jebcpcs nerwlrb
nerwlrbll jerld
jerld sepertc
sepertc rljnut
rljnut olkubk,
olkubk, jufld
jufld fcalnut
fcalnut tlbpl rlsl slmct

• sercbk
sercbk fcsert
fcsertlc
lc cbgems
cbgemsc,
c, sertl
sertl lbejcl
lbejcl flb fclre
fclre

• perunl
perunldl
dlb
b stltu
stltuss jebtl
jebtli,
i, lblm
lblm rewe
reweii flb lplt
lpltcs
cs

• pe
pejn
jnes
eslr
lrlb
lb pl
plfl
fl pe
peru
rutt lm
lmcn
cnlt
lt tcjn
tcjnub
ublb
lb al
alcr
crlb
lb pl
plfl
fl rh
rhbk
bkkl
kl pe
peru
rutt fl
flb
b lf
lflb
lbyl
yl
pejneslrlb dltc

1. Jlrlsjus-Mwlsdchrmhr

Jlrlsjus-Mwlsdchrmhr Kljnlrlb micbcs jeruplmlb aljpurlb flrc nenerlpl keolil

micbcm mwlsdchrmhr flb jlrlsjus. Jlmlblb sedlrc-dlrc tcflm aumup jebklbfubk prhtecb
flb oukl eberkc ubtum pertujnudlb ylbk bhrjli. Plfl pebferctl fejcmclb fcsljpcbk
jeburubbyl nerlt nlflb 9 70% flrc bhrjli jejpericdltmlb tlbfl-tlbfl mwlsdchrmhr,
sepertc efejl, meilcblb rljnut, meilcblb muict, seflbkmlb meilcblb nchmcjclwc tericdlt
puil (Fepmes ^C, >000). Jlrlsjus ‑ mwlrsdchrmhr (Dhbker hefejl) lflild senuld
gebhjebl pebylmct fc Cbfhbescl fclmcnltmlb mlrebl memurlbklb prhtecb mrhbcs plfl lblm-
lblm lbk sercbk fcsenlnmlb nenerlpl dli, lbtlrl ilcb lblm tcflm aumup jebflplt jlmlblb
nerkczc (terutljl ylbk aumup jebklbfubk eberkc flb prhtecb), lblm tcflm jebflplt
lsuplb kczc ylbk jejlflc flb lblm jubkmcb jebferctl cbgemsc pebylmct.

6. Memurlbklb vctljcb L (MWL)

Murlbk Wctljcb L Memurlbklb vctljcb L (MWL) sunmicbcs flplt fctlbflc febklb

rebfldbyl
rebfld byl mlflr vctljcb L fcflilj
fcflilj flrld, dlbyl flplt fcmet
fcmetlduc
lduc febksb jejercmslml
jejercmslmlbb
mlflr vctljcb L flilj flrld fc ilnhrlthrcuj. Qlild sltu alrl jeblbkkuilbkc MWL, slild
sltubyl febklb pejnerclb mlpsui vctljcb L fhscs tcbkkc. Mlpsui vctljcb L fcnercmlb
setldub ful mlic plfl nuilb genrulrc flb lkustus, seolm lblm nerujur 7 nuilb. Mlpsui
jerld (fhscs <00.000 CU) fcnercmlb ubtum nlyc ujur 7-<< nuilb flb mlpsui ncru (fhscs
>00.000 CU) ubtum lblm ujur <>-53 nuilb.Murlbk vctljcb L flplt nerfljplm plfl
terklbkkubyl
terklbkkubyl permejnlbklb
permejnlbklb hrklb pebkicdltlb
pebkicdltlb lblm. pebylmct jltl ylbk sercbk jubaui
fcsenut febklb Terhptlijcl. Pebylmct cbc jeruplmlb pebyenln menutllb ylbk plicbk
sercbk terolfc plfl lblm neruscl >-1 tldub. plstcmlb lblm jebflplt lsuplb jlmlblb ylbk
mlyl mlbfubklb vctljcb L sepertc dltc, cmlb, teiur, lipumlt, plplyl, whrtei, nlylj, thjlt
flb slyurlb nerwlrbl dcolu ilcbbyl.
 5. Lbejcl

Lbejcl lflild oebcs pebylmct lmcnlt memurlbklb kczc plfl nlyc flb nlictl. Lbejcl ncsl
fcse
fcsenl
nlnm
nmlb
lb ml
mlre
rebl
bl mememu
murl
rlbk
bklb
lb ls
lsup
uplb
lb zl
zltt ne
nesc
sc lt
ltlu
lu vc
vctl
tljc
jcb
b N<>.
N<>. pe peby
bylm
lmct
ct cb
cbcc
jebyenlnmlb tunud jebolfc iencd iejld flb tcflm ncsl jeilmumlb nernlklc lmtcvctls.
Lbejcl tcflm dlbyl terolfc plfl wlbctl flb lblm-lblm bljub oukl plfl nlyc. Lbejcl
ncsl terolfc metcml sei flrld jerld tcflm jejcicmc nlbylm hmsckeb sedcbkkl jebyenlnmlb
olrcbklb tunud jebolfc iencd iejld. Lfl nenerlpl mhbfcsc tertebtu ylbk sercbk
jebyenlnmlb lbejcl plfl nlyc sepertc meilcblb sei flrld jerld. Lbejcl ncsl slbklt
nernldlyl plfl nlyc nldmlb rcscmh jebtli flb gcscm ylbk ncsl nerfljplm dcbkkl fewlsl.
Vlbfl flb keolil?

• muict jebolfc iencd pualt

• blgls jebolfc iencd pebfem

• lblm
lblm-l
-lbl
blm
mjjeb
eboolfc
lfc ien
ienccd iej
iejld
ld flb
flb juf
jufld
ld jebl
jeblbk
bkcs
cs

• pualt flb tcflm nerflyl

Mhbfcsc lbejcl plfl nlyc flb nlictl nclslbyl terolfc seteild nlyc nerujur iencd flrc eblj
nuilb. Nernlklc oebcs butrcsc tljnldlb ylbk jebklbfubk zlt nesc, slbklt fcslrlbmlb
mlrebl ctu memurlbklb kczc jejner fljplm ylbk sercus
sercus ubtum nlyc flb nlictl.
nlictl. Pebyenln
lbejcl fegcscebsc nesc (LFN)?

• Nlyc
Nlyc fc
fc nlw
nlwld
ld uju
ujurr < tld
tldub
ub?? Pers
Persef
efcl
cllb
lb nes
nescc ylbk
ylbk mur
murlb
lbk
k mlre
mlrebl
bl ner
nerlt
lt nlf
nlflb
lb
ildcr rebfld ltlu ildcr mejnlr.

• Lblm
Lblm ner
neruj
ujur
ur <->
<-> tld
tldub
ub?? Jlsu
Jlsuml
mlb
b (cbt
(cbtlm
lme)
e) nes
nescc ylbk
ylbk mur
murlb
lbk
k mlre
mlrebl
bl tc
tcflm
flm
jebflplt
jebflp lt jlmlblb
jlmlblb tljnldlb
tljnldlb (dlbyl jcbuj susu), menutudlb
menutudlb jebcbkmlt
jebcbkmlt mlrebl cbgemsc
cbgemsc
neruilbk/jebldub, jlilnshrnsc, medcilbklb neriencdlb mlrebl perflrldlb lbtlrl ilcb
mlrebl cbgestlsc plrlsct flb fcvertcmuiuj Jeameic.
7. ^lmdctcs

^cametscl ltlu rlmdctcs lflild pebylmct ylbk fcsertlc febklb iejldbyl jcberlicslsc flrc
pertujnubklb tuilbk. Vcflm dlbyl terolfc flrc memurlbklb vctljcb F tetlpc oukl mlrebl
memurlbklb mliscuj flb ghsghr (Jldlb >000). Qeflbkmlb jeburut Lijltscer ^cametscl
lflild memurlbklb vtljcb F plfl lblm-lblm, terolfc ncil pebkerlslb tuilbk plfl lblm-
lblm
lbl m terdlj
terdljnlt
nlt sedcbk
sedcbkkl
kl jebolf
jebolfcc iejnem
iejnem.^l
.^lmdc
mdctcs
tcs jeruplm
jeruplmlb
lb pebylmc
pebylmctt tuilbk
tuilbk ylbk
fcsenl
fcsenlnmlb
nmlb hied
hied memurl
memurlbklb
bklb vctljc
vctljcb
b F flb mliscu
mliscuj.
j. Wctljc
Wctljcbb F fcperi
fcperiuml
umlb
b ubtum
ubtum
pebyerlplb mliscuj plfl usus. Metclfllb vctljcb F flb pebyerlplb mliscuj flrc
jlmlbl
jlm lblbb ylbk tcflm
tcflm nlcm,
nlcm, jebyen
jebyenlnml
lnmlb
b dyphali
dyphaliaejc
aejcll ylctu
ylctu sultu
sultu melfllb
melfllb fcjlbl
fcjlbl

mliscu
mliscuj
j flilj
flilj flrld
flrld oujild
oujildbyl
byl sefcmc
sefcmct,
t, melfllb
melfllb cbc jebfhr
jebfhrhbk
hbk ter
terolf
olfcby
cbyll meilcb
meilcblb
lb
nebtum plfl merlbkml flb htht slrlg kckc.
 Vlbfl flb keolil? ^cametscl terolfc febklb lflbyl tlbfl-tlbfl mlmc jejnebkmhm,
pejneslrlb meplil mlrebl pebutuplb
pebu tuplb ghbtlieb teriljnlt, kckc teriljnlt meiulr nebtum kckc
tcflm terltur flb jufld ruslm. Lflpub keolil ylbk sercbk terolfc plfl pebferctl rcametscl
lflild?

• Byerc ylbk terolfc plfl tuilbk.

• Pe
Pebc
bcbk
bkml
mltl
tlb
b tteb
ebfeb
febsc
sc re
retl
tlm
m ttui
uilb
lbk
k (tu
(tuil
ilbk
bk jufl
jufld
d ret
retlm
lm),
), te
teru
rutl
tljl
jl plfl
plfl Kre
Kreeb
eb
stcam.

• Perunldlb rlbkml tuilbk?

Ô Plfl lblm meaci ylbk

ylbk nlru ncsl
ncsl neroli
nerolilb
lb nclslbyl
nclslbyl lmlb jejnubk
jejnubkmubk
mubk (Kebu
(Kebu vlrus)
vlrus)

Ô Lblm-lblm
Lblm-lblm ylbk iencd
iencd tul?
tul? lplncil
lplncil fc metum
metum jlml iutu
iutu lmlb nernuby
nernubycc (kebu vlikus
vlikus))

• Meil
Meilcb
cblb
lb ne
nebt
btum
um pl
plfl
fl te
tebk
bkmh
mhrl
rlm,
m, tuil
tuilbk
bk ne
neil
ilml
mlbk
bk,, f
flb
lb pl
plbk
bkku
kuii

• Klbkkulb pertujnudlb

• Oujild mliscuj flilj flrld rebfld

Pebkhnltlb ^cametscl flplt fcilmumlb febklb alrl jejnercmlb lblm-lblm jlmlblb ylbk
nlbylm jebklbfubk mliscuj flb vctljcb F sepertc plfl jcbylm dltc cmlb, jcbylm dltc
cmlb ahf ylbk jebklbfubk vctljcb F senlbylm 3 ιk (170 CU)/6 ji. ^lmdctcs ltlu
rcametscl cbc fcsenlnmlb mlrebl tunud jebkliljc memurlbklb vctljcb F. lmcnltbyl jlml
tunud tcflm ncsl jebyerlp mliscuj febklb nlcm. menutudlb vctljcb F seneblrbyl ncsl
fcperhied flrc scblr jltldlrc terutljl scblr jltldlrc plkc. pebylmct cbc jejnutudmlb
perlwltlb senln ocml tcflm fchnltc flplt jebyenlnmlb tuilbk jebolfc jeiebkmubk flb
sercbk pltld tuilbk.

A. Klbkkulb Jc
Jcbhr
bhr Plfl Nlictl
<. LFDF

LFDF jeru
LFDF jeruplplmlb
mlb mepeb
mepebfem
femlb
lb fl
flrc
rc Lt
Ltte
tebt
btch
chb
b fefegc
gcac
actt dyper
dyperlat
latcv
cvct
cty
y fc
fcsh
shrf
rfer
er,,
(Lttebtchb : perdltclb, Fegcact : nermurlbk, Dyperlatcvcty : dcperlmtcg, flb Fcshrfer :
klbkkulb).
klbkkul b). Ltlu flilj nldlsl Cbfhbescl, LFDF nerlrtc
nerlrtc klbkkulb pejusltlb
pejusltlb perdltclb
perdltclb
fcsertlc dcperlmtcg.

Dlsci pebeic
Dlsci pebeictcl
tclb
b Glrhb
Glrhb fmm, >000, Mubtsc
Mubtsc fmm, >000,
>000, Nlr
Nlrmie
miey,
y, >001
>001 (flilj
(flilj JCG
Nlcdlqc
Nlc dlqc & Qukclr
Qukclrjcb
jcb,, >007),
>007), jebklt
jebkltlml
lmlb
b nldwl
nldwl ter
terflp
flplt
lt glmthr
glmthr ylbk
ylbk nerpebk
nerpebklru
lrud
d
terdlflp jubauibyl LFDF, ylctu?

<. Glmt
Glmthr
hr ke
kebe
betc
tcml
ml

Glmthr kebetcml jeruplmlb glmthr pebtcbk flilj jejubauimlb tcbkmld ilmu LFDF. Qltu
pertckl flrc lbkkhtl meiulrkl LFDF jejcicmc klbkkulb, ylctu ocml hrlbk tul jebkliljc
LFDF, jlml lblmbyl nerescmh LFDF seneslr 70%. Plfl lblm mejnlr, ocml slild sltu
jebkliljc LFDF, jlml sluflrlbyl ;0-40% oukl nerescmh jebkliljc LFDF.

>. Glmth
Glmthrr be
beur
urhn
hnch
chih
ihkc
kcss

Verflplt persljllb lbtlrl acrc-acrc ylbk jubaui plfl LFDF febklb ylbk jubaui plfl
merusl
mer uslmlb
mlb gubksc
gubksc ihnus
ihnus pregrh
pregrhbti
bti.. Fejcmc
Fejcmclb
lb oukl
oukl peburu
peburublb
blb mejljp
mejljpulb
ulb plfl lblm
lblm
LFDF plfl
LFDF plfl tes beurhps
beurhpscmh
cmhihk
ihkcs
cs ylbk
ylbk fcdunu
fcdunubkml
bkmlbb febklb
febklb gubksc
gubksc ihnus
ihnus pregrh
pregrhbti
bti..
Vejulb
Vej ulb jeiliu
jeiliucc J^C (pejer
(pejercms
cmsllb
llb htlm
htlm febklb
febklb tembhi
tembhihkc
hkc tcbkkc
tcbkkc)) jebubo
jebuboumml
ummlb
b lfl
metcflmbhrjlilb plfl nlkclb htlm feplb. Nlkclb cbc jeicputc mhrtems pregrhbtli ylbk
slicbk nerdunubklb febklb nlkclb flilj nlwld mhretms serenrli sealrl mhiemtcg senlklc
nlsli klbkicl. klbkkulb pejusltlb perdltclb jeicputc, klbkkulb pejusltlb perdltclb
(cblttebtchb), klbkkulb pebkebfliclb fcrc (cjpuiscgctls), flb klbkkulb febklb lmtcvctls
ylbk neriencdlb (dcperlmtcvctls).

Pebklrud LFDF terdlflp pebfcfcmlb?

• Vc
Vcflm
flm flp
flplt
lt sek
seker
erll jeju
jejuil
ilcc sult
sultu
u mekc
mekclt
ltlb
lb

• Prestlsc murlbk

• Nemer
Nemerol
ol teri
terili
liu
u iilj
ljnlt
nlt lt
ltlu
lu ae
aeplt
plt

• Jeiu
Jeiupl
plml
mlb
b cbs
cbstr
trums
umscc ltl
ltlu
u pebo
peboei
eils
lslb
lb

• Vcfl
Vcflm
m jeilm
eilmum
umlb
lb tukls
ukls

• Qeiliu
Qeiliu jebcbk
jebcbkkli
klimlb
mlb nebf
nebfl-n
l-nebfl
ebfl sljplc
sljplc jebct
jebct ter
terlmdc
lmdcrr

• Qeiliu nc
ncbkubk

• Jebl
Jeblbk
bkku
kudm
dmlb
lb peme
pemero
roll
llb
b

• Jhtcvlsc yl
ylbk mu
murlbk

• Mesu
Mesuic
ictl
tlb
b jeb
jebke
kero
rolm
lmlb
lb tukl
tuklss

• Jebkd
Jebkdcb
cbflr
flrcc tej
tejlb
lb,, n
ner
erpe
perc
rcil
ilmu
mu mla
mlalu
lu

Pebklrud LFDF terdlflp percilmu?

• Jebubtut

• Vuru
Vurutt aalj
ljpu
purr feb
febkl
klb
b hrl
hrlbk
bk il
ilcb
cb

• Jufld gr
grustlsc

• Murl
Murlbk
bk jebk
jebkeb
ebfl
flic
icml
mlb
b fcrc
fcrc
• Vcfl
Vcflm
m teblb
eblbk/
k/ke
keic
icssld

• Iencd nl
nlbylm nc
ncalrl

• Quml jebolf
jebolfcc pejc
pejcjpc
jpcb,
b, jufld
jufld nerunl
nerunld
d pebfcrc
pebfcrclb
lb

• Jebkl
Jebklbk
bkku,
ku, aeb
aebfer
ferub
ubk
k ubtum
ubtum jebf
jebflpl
lpltt meaei
meaeilm
lmll
llb
b

• Jufld
Jufld ncbk
ncbkubk,
ubk, jebkli
jebkliljc
ljc dlrc-d
dlrc-dlrc
lrc nlcm
nlcm flb
flb nurum
nurum

Pebklrud LFDF terdlflp lspem shacli?

• Jeje
Jejebt
btcb
cbkm
kmlb
lb fcrc
fcrc seb
sebfc
fcrc
rc,, ekhs
ekhseb
ebtr
trcs
cs

• Aejl
Aejls,
s, mls
mlslr
lr,, ttcf
cflm
lm peml
peml

• Vcfl
Vcflm
m few
fewls
lsl,
l, ter
erttem
emlb
lb

• Dlrkl fc
fcrc re
rebfld

• Merl
Merls/
s/te
teblb
blbk,
k, jejn
jejnult
ult mercn
mercnut
utlb
lb

• Vcfl
Vcflm
m ner
nergc
gcmc
mcrr plb
plbol
olbk
bk

• Jebl
Jeblrc
rcm
m fcr
fcrcc fl
flrc
rc me
meih
ihjp
jphm
hm

• Qercb
Qercbk
k ner
nerper
perci
cilm
lmu
u ttlbp
lbpll per
perls
lsll
llb
b

• Vcfl
Vcflm
m jlu
jlu jebu
jebubk
bkku
ku kcic
kcicrl
rlb
b

>. Lutcsje

Lutcsje
Lutcsje lflfli
lild
ld kl
klbkk
bkkul
ulb
b pe
perm
rmej
ejnl
nlbk
bklb
lb yl
ylbk
bk tltljp
jplm
lm fcfctc
tckl
kl tl
tldu
dub
b pepert
rtlj
ljll
medcfuplb lblm. Slbk nerpebklrud plfl mhjubcmlsc, cbterlmsc shscli, cjlocblsc flb scmlp.

Nenerlpl pebyenln lutcsje, lbtlrl ilcb?

l. Glmt
Glmthr
hr beur
beurhn
hnch
chih
ihkc
kcss

Klbkkulb beurhnchihk
Klbkkulb beurhnchihkcs
cs plfl susublb
susublb slrlg puslt (htlm). Nclslbyl,
Nclslbyl, klbkkulb cbc terolfc
flilj tckl nuilb pertljl jlsl medljcilb, ncil pertujnudlb sei-sei htlm fc nenerlpl
tejplt tcflm sejpurbl.

n. Jlslild kebetcm

Glmthr kebetcm ahbthdbyl jutlsc keb. Nenerlpl glmthr ylbk oukl termlct lflild uscl cnu
sllt dljci, uscl lyld sllt cstrc dljci, sertl jlslild ylbk terolfc sllt dljci flb prhses
meildcrlb.

a. Jlslil
Jlslild
d seiljl
seiljl medl
medljci
jcilb
lb flb meildc
meildcrlb
rlb
Mhjpicmlsc ylbk sercbk terolfc clild lflbyl pebflrldlb seteild trcjester pertljl lflbyl
mhthrlb olbcb plfl alcrlb ljbchb ylbk jeruplmlb tlbfl nldlyl flrc olbcb, Pebkkubllb
hnlt-hnlt tertebtu plfl cnu ylbk seflbk jebklbfubk. Mhjpicmlsc keolil sllt nerslicb
nerupl nlyc teriljnlt jeblbkcs, nlyc jebkliljc klbkkulb perblglslb, nlyc jebkliljc
memurlbklb flrld oukl fcfukl flplt jebcjnuimlb keolil lutcs.

f. Verc
Vercbg
bgem
emsc
sc vcru
vcruss

Egem vcrus flb merlaublb flplt nerilbksubk terus seteild lblm ildcr flb terus jeruslm
pejnebtumlb sei htlm, sedcbkkl lblm meicdltlb tcflm jejperhied mejloulb flb keolil
jlmcb plrld.

1. Lsjl

Lsjl jeruplmlb pebylmct mrhbcm ylbk fctlbflc febklb perlflbklb flb pebyejpctlb
sliurlb blpls ylbk jebcjnuimlb seslm ltlu suict nerblpls.

Vltlilmslbl?

Pebfcf
Pebfcfcml
cmlb
b flb peboeil
peboeilslb
slb tebtlb
tebtlbk
k lsjl
lsjl plfl plsceb
plsceb flb meiulr
meiulrkl
kl jeruplm
jeruplmlb
lb ubsur
ubsur

pebtcbk pebltlilmslbllb lsjl plfl lblm. Periu peboeilslb seferdlbl tebtlbk prhses
pebylmct, glmthr rescmh, pebkdcbflrlb pebaetus, jlbgllt flb alrl ahbtrhi icbkmubklb alrl
jebkltlsc serlbklb lmut, pejlmlclb hnlt feklb neblr, sertl dli ilcb ylbk sejulbyl
nertuoulb ubtum jejcbcjlimlb jhrncfctls gcscs flb pscmcs sertl jebaekld fcslncictls.

Pebaekldlb?

Uplyl pebaekldlb lsjl lblm jebalmup pebaekldlb fcbc sebsctcslsc liierkeb seolm jlsl
getus,
getus, pebaekl
pebaekldlb
dlb jlbcg
jlbcgest
estlsc
lsc lsjl
lsjl nrhbmc
nrhbmcli
li plfl plsceb
plsceb pebylmc
pebylmctt lthpc
lthpc ylbk neiuj
neiuj
jebferctl lsjl, sertl pebaekldlb serlbklb flb emslsernlsc lsjl.

6. Fclre

Fclre lflild tcbol febklb mhbscstebsc iencd iublm ltlu iencd alcr flrc nclslbyl, flb terolfc
plicbk sefcmct 1 mlic flilj >6 olj.

Etchihkc

Jeburut [hrif Klstrhebterhihky Hrklbczltchb kihnli kucfeicbes >005, etchihkc fclre lmut
fccnlkc ltls ejplt pebyenln?

<. Nlmterc

sdckeiil,
sdckei il, slijhb
slijhbeii
eiil,
l, E. ahic,
ahic, khi.
khi. Wcnrch
Wcnrch,, nlacii
nlaciius
us aereus
aereus,, aih
aihstr
strcfc
cfcuj
uj pergrc
pergrcbkeb
bkebs,
s,
stlgcihmhmus lureus, aljpyihnlater lerhjhbls

>. Wcrus

rhtlvcrus, lfebhvcrus, Bhrwlim vcrus, ahrhblvcrus, lstrhvcrus

1. Plrlsct

prhthzhl, ebtljhenl dcsthiytcal, kclrfcl iljnicl, nlilbtcfcuj ahic, trcadurcs trcadcurl,

arypthsphrcfcuj, strhbkyihcfes sterahrlics

6. Bhb cbgemsc

jlilnshrpsc,
jlilnshrps c, merlaublb
merlaublb jlmlblb,
jlmlblb, lierkc,
lierkc, klbkkulb
klbkkulb jhtcictls,
jhtcictls, cjubhfegcs
cjubhfegcscebsc
cebsc,, mesuictlb
mesuictlb
jlmlb, fii.

Pebltlilmslbllb ?

Lflpub prhkrlj ICBVLQ FCL^E ylctu?

<. ^edcfrlsc
^edcfrlsc jebkkublmlb
jebkkublmlb hrlict
hrlict hsjhilrct
hsjhilrctls
ls rebfld

>. _cba
_cba fcnercm
fcnercmlb
lb sei
seiljl
ljl <0 dlrc
dlrc nerturu
nerturut-t
t-turu
urutt

1. Verusm
Verusmlb
lb pejn
pejnerc
erclb
lb LQC
LQC flb Jlmlblb
Jlmlblb

6. Lbtcn
Lbtcnch
chtc
tcaa se
seie
iemt
mtcg
cg

5. Blscdl
Blscdltt me
meplfl
plfl hrlbk
hrlbk tul/
tul/peb
pebkls
klsud
ud

5. VNA

Vunermuihscs lflild pebylmct jebuilr ilbksubk ylbk fcsenlnmlb hied mujlb VN

(Jyahnlater
(Jyah nlatercuj
cuj Vunerauihsc
Vunerauihscs).
s). Qenlkclb
Qenlkclb neslr mujlb VN jebyerlbk
jebyerlbk plru, tetlpc flplt
oukl jebkeblc hrklb tunud ilcbbyl.

Alrl pebuilrlb?

<. Qujner
Qujner pebui
pebuilrl
lrlb
b lflild
lflild plsceb
plsceb VN NVL
NVL phsctc
phsctcgg

>. Plfl wlmtu

wlmtu nltum
nltum ltlu
ltlu nerscb,
nerscb, plsceb
plsceb jebyenlr
jebyenlrmlb
mlb mujlb me uflrl flilj
flilj nebtum
nebtum
peracmlb fldlm (frhpiet buaiec). Qemlic nltum flplt jebkdlscimlb semctlr 1000 peracmlb
fldlm

1. Ujuj
Ujujby byll pe
pebui
builr
lrlb
lb te
tero
rolf
lfcc fl
flil
ilj
j rulb
rulbkl
klb
b fc
fcjl
jlbl
bl pe
pera
racm
cmlb
lb fl
fldlm
dlm ne
nerl
rlfl
fl flilj
flilj
wlmtu ylbk iljl. Webtcilsc flplt jebkurlbkc oujild peracmlb, sejebtlrl scblr jltldlrc
ilbksubk flplt jejnubud mujlb. Peracmlb flplt nertldlb seiljl nenerlpl olj flilj
melfllb ylbk keilp flb iejnln

6. Flyl
Flyl pebui
pebuilr
lrlb
lb pl
plsc
sceb
eb fcte
fctebt
btuml
umlbb hied
hied nlbyl
nlbylmby
mbyll mujlb
mujlb yl
ylbk
bk fc
fcmei
meiul
ulrm
rmlb
lb flrc
flrc
plrubyl. Jlmcb tcbkkc ferlolt mephsctcglb dlsci pejercmsllb fldlm, jlmcb jebuilr plsceb
tersenut

5. Glmthr ylbk
ylbk jejubkmcbml
jejubkmcbmlb b sesehrlbk
sesehrlbk terplolb
terplolb mujlb
mujlb VN fctebtumlb
fctebtumlb hied
hied mhbsebtrls
mhbsebtrlscc
peracmlb flilj uflrl flb iljlbyl jebkdcrup uflrl tersenut.
 F. Klbkkulb Jcbhr Plfl Lblm Pr
Prl-Qemhild
l-Qemhild
Lblm-l
Lblm -lbl
blmm us
uscl
cl prls
prlsemh
emhil
ild
d jebf
jebfererct
ctll fc
fcsg
sgub
ubks
kscc ht
htlm
lm jc
jcbhr
bhr,, te
terj
rjls
lsum
um
klbkk
klbkkulb
ulb pe
perm
rmej
ejnlb
nlbkl
klbb jhth
jhthrc
rcm
m dl
dliu
ius.
s. Qe
Qealalrl
rl kikihnl
hnlii fc
fcil
ilph
phrm
rmlb
lb lblblm-
lm-lb
lblm
lm
jebkliljc klbkkulb nerupl meaejlslb, jufld ejhsc, klbkkulb percilmu, klbkkulb
permejnlbklb, nlcm permejnlbklb jhthrcm dlius flb mlslr, klbkkulb pebfebklrlb,
meaerflslb
meaerflslb murlbk, meteriljnltlb
meteriljnltlb ncalrl.
ncalrl. Pebltlilmsl
Pebltlilmslbllbbyl
bllbbyl lflild jlmscjlimlb
jlmscjlimlb
perlb hrlbk tul, seilcb ctu flplt oukl fcstcjuilsc febklb alrl jebfebklrmlb juscm
(jeburut ourbli)

Flgtlr Pustlml

dttp?//reph.ublbf.la.cf/>71<6/</Lsudlb%>0Mencflblb%>0plfl%>0Behbltus%>0efct.pfg
(fclmses plfl tlbkkli >4 Ouic >0><)