]NMPIAD <
]P\^MP^\N OD@ U\IPPND NRV\N]]IAD
Pikn-
Pik n-<
<> kidut
idutns
ns
(idm
(idmju
ju`i
`ide
de tbn
tbn rn
rno`
o`id
ide
e ac tb
tbn
n `irn
`irnmt
mtia
iads
ds))
Dawsnt ya
yaur
ur mj
mjam
amhh car
car <> kid
idut
utns
ns..

Pbis sn
snm
mtia
tiad is `nsie
ied
dn` ta knosu
surn
rn yaur olij
ijit
ity
y ta rnm
rnmaediz
izn
n jod
jodeuoen tbo
tbot is opprap
raprio
riotn car
car
sto
tod
d`or` writt
rittn
nd Ndejis
jisb. Pbnrn orn tw
twa
a ty
typ
pns ac qunst
stia
iad
ds id tbis
tbis snmtia
tiad, witb
itb spnmioj
ioj `irn
irnmtia
tiads car
car
nomb
nom b typn.
typn.

 tru turn

@irnmtiads7 _unstia
tiads ?-?-?>
> orn id
idm
makpjn
jntn
tn sndtn
tnd
dmns. Lndnotb nomb snsnd
dtnd
tndmn yau wijjijj snn cau
caur war`s
r`s
ar pbrosns, korhn` (O), (L), (M), od` (@). Mbaasn tb tbn
n adn war` ar pbrosn tbot lnst makpjntns tbn
sndtn
tnd
dmn. Pbnd, ad yaur odswnr sbnnt, cid` tbn duklnr ac tbntbn qunstia
tiad od` cijj id tbn
tbn spomn tbot
marrnspad`s ta tbn jnttn
tnrr ac tbn odswnr yau bovn mbasnd. Cijj id tbn spomn sa tbot tbn jnjntttnr ids
idsi`n tbn
tbn
avojmo
avojmoddddat
at ln snnd
snnd..

Jaahot
Jaahot tb
tbn
n ca
cajja
jjawi
wide
de nx
nxok
okp
pjn
jns.
s.

xokpjn I ]ok
]okpjn Od
Odsw
swnr
nr

Pbn prnsi`ndt QQ tbn njnmtiad ly o jod`sji`n.  

O) wad
(L) bn wad
(M)
(M) ynstn
tnr`
r`o
oy
(@))
(@ cart
cartud
udot
otnj
njy
y

Pbn sndtn
tnd
dmn sbauj` rn
rno
o`, Pbn prn
rns
si`
i`n
ndt wad tb
tbn
n njn
jnm
mti
tia
ad ly o jod
jod`sji`
ji`n. Pbnrnca
rncarn
rn,, yau sbauj`
mb
mbaa
aasn
sn (O
(O).
).

xokpjn   ]okpj
okpjn
n Ods
Odswn
wnrr

Ubnd QQ tbn madcnrndmn1  

O) tbn `amtar ottnd`n`

(L) `i` tbn `amtar ottnd`
(M) tbn `amtar wijj ottnd`
(@))
(@ tb
tbn
n `amtar
tar s ott
ttn
nd`odmn

Pbn sndtn
tnd
dmn sb
sba
auj` rno
rno`, Ubnd `i` tb
tbn
n `amta
tarr ott
ttn
nd` tb
tbn
n madcnrn
cnrnd
dmn1 Pbnrnca
rncarn
rn,, yau sbauj`
mb
mbaa
aasn
sn (L
(L).
).

Daw lneid warh ad tbn

tbn qunsti
tia
ads.

PANCJ Vrn`imtiad Pnst ?0 Cnlruory <6<?

i i jii_Gii jik~
MAKVJN
MAKVJNPN
PN PN]
PN]P
P Vop
Vopnr
nr ><?
 

<
?. , tbn autnrkast joynr ac shid, is olaut 5. Ubn
bnd
d cjui
cjui`
` om
ommu
muk
kuj
ujot
otns
ns oeoi
oeoids
dstt tbn
tbn
os tbimh os o sbnnt ac popnr avnr kast ac nor`ru
r`ruk
k, o snsnm
mad` karn ids
idsi`ia
i`iauus typn
ypn ac
tb
tbn
n shid
shid..

  O) It is tb
tbn
n npi
pi`n
`nrrkis   O) at
atit
itis
is kn`io ko
kn`io koy
y `n
`nvnj
vnjap
ap
  L) Id tb
tbn
n npi`
npi`nr
nrk
kis   L) `nvnjapide at
atit
itis
is kn`i
kn`ioo
  M) Pbn npi`nrk
npi`nrkisis   M) tb
tbn
n `n
`nvn
vnja
japk
pkndndtt ac at
atit
itis
is kn`i
kn`io
o
  @) Pbn npi` i`n
nrki
rkis is   @) ta `nvn
`nvnja
jap
p at
atit
itis
is kn`i
kn`io
o

  ]ok ]po`n id Pb
Pbnn Kojt
Kojtns
nsn
n oj
ojma d od` \imh
mad imh 2. ]akn endnr
dnroj tbn
tbnarin
arins
s ac kativo
tivottiad
iad
Lj
Ljoi
oidn
dn id  osoljodmo ac Bu
B ukpbrny ac mndtroj kativns, crak wbimb atbnr
Laeort s ka
karn co
c okaus rajns. kativns `n
`nvnjap.

  O) tbny orn twa   O) i`

i`nd
ndti
ticy
cy o ji
jik
kit
itn`
n` du
dukklnlnrr
  L) twa ac tbnk orn   L) i`
i`nd
ndti
tici
cimo
moti
tiad
ad ac o jijik
kit
itn`
n` okau
okaudt
dt
  M) twa ac tbnk   M) i`
i`nd
ndti
ticy
cy o ji
jik
kit
itn`
n` okau
okaudt dt
  @) orn twa   @) i`
i`nd
ndti
ticy
cyid
ide
e o ji
jiki
kitn
tn`
` du
dukl
klnrnr

= Pbn mak
makpaud`
ud` kim imra
ras
sma
map
pn bos dat adn 9 Lnc
nca
arn tbn ]to
]totun
tun ac Jilnr
lnrty orrivn
rivn`
` id tbn
tbn
tw
twa
a jndsns
jndsns.. ^ditn
ditn`
` ]t
]tot
otns
ns,, dn
dnwwspop
spopnr
nrs
s idvi
idvitn
tn`
` tb
tbn
n
pulj
uljim ta bn
bnjjp `ntntnrk
rkid
idnn wbnrn
  O) od
od`
` ojs
jsa
a
pj
pjom
omn`
n` oc
octn
tnrr it
itss orri
orrivo
voj.
j.
  L) lut
  M) od` tbnrn orn   O) sbauj` tbn stotun ln
  @) lut tbnrn orn   L) tbn st
sto
otun
tun lnide
ide
  M) it sbauj` ln tbn stotun
0. @uride
ride tb
tbn
n Vrnmo
nmoklrio
riod pnr
pnria
ia`,
`, tbn
tbn Nor
ortb
tb s   @) tbn stotun sbauj` ln
mrust carkn`, od` jicn id tbn snos.
?6. By`
y`ra
ran
njn
jnm
mtrim
trim pawnr mod ln pra`ra`umn
umn` ly
  O) cirst
cirst oppnor
oppnorn`n`
od` usisid
de ti`o
i`oj cjaw
jaw ta rud tur
turli
lidn
dns
s.
  L) cirs
cirstt ta op
oppn
pnor
or
  M) is ci
cirs
rstt op
oppn
pnor
orid
ide
e   O) wotnr losi
sid
ds orn `okk
okkn`
  @) oppnoride   L) `ok
`okkide
ide wotnr
otnr losi
losids
ds
  M) ta `ok wotntnrr los
losids
ids
> Pbn bor
bor` pojo
jottn cark
arks o porti
ortiti
tiad
ad   @) `ok
okss id wotn
tnrr losi
sid
ds
od
od`
` do
doso
sojj po
poss
ssoe
oens
ns..
??. Olro
lrobok
bok Jidma majd
jd od` Gnccn
nccnrrsa
sad
d @ovis,
vis,
  O) tb
tbn
n kau
autb
tb
ac tbn
tbn ^dia
diad od` tbn Madcndcn`nr
`nromy
omy
  L) ln
lntw
twnn
nnd
d tb
tbn
n kautb
autb
`ur
urid
ide
e tbn MivijU
ivijUoor,wn
r,wnrn latb lard id
  M) is lntwn
twnnd tbn
tbn kau
autb
tb Hndtumhy.
  @) it is lntwnnd tbn kautb
  O) tbny
tbny wnrn
wnrn appa
appasiside
de pr
prns
nsi`
i`nd
ndts
ts
3 Mad`it
Mad` itia
iads
ds rn
rnqu
quir
irn`
n` car
car snn`
snn` en
enrk
rkid
idot
otia
iad
d   L) wnrn
wn rn appas
appasid
ide
e prnsi`
prnsi`ndt
ndts
s
id
idmj
mju`
u`nn ol
olud
ud`o
`odt
dt wotnr
otnr,, od o`nq
o`nquo
uotn
tn   M) appaside
appa side prnsi`nd
prnsi`ndts
ts
supp
suppjy
jy ac ax
axye
yend
nd,, od
od`
`   @) prnsi`
prnsi`ndt
ndts
s appas
appasn`n`

  O) tb
tbn
n tn
tnk
kpnpnro
rotu
turn
rnss kus
ustt ln op
oppr
prap
apri
riot
otn
n
  L) bo
bovid
vide
e opprap
oppraprio
riotn
tn tnkpnr
tnkpnrotu
oturns
rns
  M) op
oppra
prapri
priotn
otn tnkpnr
tnkpnrotu
oturns
rns
  @) opprap
opp raprio
riotnj
tnjy
y tnkpn
tnkpnrot
rotn
n

,.   ~ Q   Q

PANCJ Vrn`imtiad Pnst ?0 Cnlruory <6<?

><< MAKVJNPNPN]P Vopnr

 

 
?<. O stamh ot od idcjotn` primn is mojjn` ?0. Dat adjy endnrotn ndnrey, l lu
ut it ojsa
o wotnr
otnrn`
n` sta
stamh
mh.. pra`
pra`um
umns
ns cunj
cunj car
car atbn
atbnrr ciss
cissia
iad
d rnom
rnomta
tars
rs..

 O issun`  O o du
dumjmjno
norr lrnn
lrnn`n`nrr rnom
rnomta
tarr
 L is iss
issun
un``  L it is o du
dumj
mjno
norr lrn
lrnn`nr
n`nr rnom
rnomtatarr
 M it is is
issu
sun`
n`  M `a
`ansns o du
dumj
mjno
norr lrnn
lrnn`n
`nrr rnom
rnomta tarr
 @ wb
wbimb
imb issun
issun`
`  @ is o dumj
dumjnonorr lrnn
lrnn`n
`nrr rnom
rnomtatarr

?=.. Pbn jno

?= jnovns
vns ac tbn
tbn wbitn
bitn kujln
ujlnrr
rry
y prav
pravi`
i`nn ?>.. @.U
?> .U.E
.Eri
ricc
ccit
itb
b piad
piadnn
nnrn
rn`` kody ac tbn
tbn
caa` car sijhwarks, sijh colrims orn styjist
styjistim
im cno
cnotur
turns
ns od`
od` cijk
cijkk
kohide
ohide
wavnd. tnmbdiquns os tbn Bajjywaa`
stod`or`.
 O wba
wbasn
sn mam
mamaad
aadss
 L crak mam
mamaad
aads
s  O tbo
tbott ns
nstol
toljisb
jisbn`
n`
 M wb
wbas
asn
n mama
mamaad
adss or
orn
n cr
crak
ak  L tbo
tbott ln
lnmo
mok
kn nst
nstol
oljis
jisbn
bn`
`
 @ cra
crak
k wb
wbasn
asn mama
mamaad
adss  M wb
wbot
ot nsto
nstoljisb
ljisbn`
n`
 @ wb
wbot
ot lnm
lnmok
okn n nsto
nstoljisb
ljisbn`
n`

  Q ... . ---   Q   Q ....   -   .. .

PANCJ Vrn`imtiad Pnst ?0 Cnlruory <6<?

M A K V J N P N P N ] P V o pn
pn r > <<==
 

 
Urit
itttnd Nxpr
xprnssia
nssiad
d

@irnmtiads Id qu quns
nsti
tia
ads ?3-06
-06, no
nomb
mb snd
sndtn
tnd
dmn bos cau
caur ud`nrnrji
jid
dn` war` r`ss ar pbrosn
rosns.
s. Pbn cacau
ur
ud`nr
nrji
jid
dn` por orts
ts ac tbn
tbn snd
sndtn
tnd
dmn or
orn
n kor
orh
hn` O), L L),
), M)
M),, od
od`
` @).I`
).I`nd
ndti
ticy
cy tb
tbn
n adn ud`nr
nrji
jid
dn` war`
ar pbrosn tbo
tbot kust ln mboden` id ar`nr car tbn tbn sndtnd
tndmn ta ln marrn rnm
mt. Pbnd, ad yaur odswnr sbnnt,
cid` tbn duklnr ac tbn qunstiad od` cijj id tbn spomn tbot marrnspad`s ta tbn jnttnr ac tbn odswnr yau
bovn
bov n mba
mbasnd
snd..

Jaah
Jaah ot tbn
tbn ca
cajja
jjawi
wide
de nxok
nxokpj
pjns
ns..

xokpjn I ]ok
]okpjn dswnr
swnr

 
Pbn caur stride ad o viajid orn tudn`
  M  
©
id cictbs
cictbs.. ®

Pbn sn
snd
dtnd
tndmn sba
sbauj` rn
rno`
o`,, Pbnca
bncau
ur stri
strid
des ad o viaji
iajid
d or
orn
n tu
tud
dn` id ci
cict
ctb
bs. Pbnr
Pbnrnc
nca
arn,
rn, yau sb
sba
auj`
mbaa
mbaasn
sn L).
L).

xokpjn II ]ok
]okpjn dswnr
swnr

Pbn rnsnormb car tbn

tbn laah   ts tohide
  M
®
OjnxBojn
OjnxBojny
y twn
twnjvn
jvn yno
ynors.
rs.  
  ®

Pbn sn
snd
dtn
tnd
dmn sba
sbauj` rn
rno`
o`,, Pbn rn
rnsn
snor
ormb
mb car
car tb
tbn
n laah   ts taah
taah OjnxBojny
OjnxBojny twn
twnjvn
jvn yno
ynors.
rs. Pbnr
Pbnrnca
ncarn,
rn,
yau sb
sba
auj` mb
mba
aasn
asn M).

Daw lnei
lneid
d wa
warh
rh ad tbn
tbn quns
qunsti
tiad
ads.
s.

c - .... ~,,~- -. QQ - ...........- .. - - Q. ~.

PANCJ Vrn`imtiad Pnst ?0 Cnlruory <6<?

><0 MAKVJNPN PN]P Vopnr

 

<
?3. Kasqu
squit
ita
ans wij
ijjj ommnpts tb
tbn
n kojori
jorio
o poros
rosit
itn
n ot adjy adn st
sto
oen ac tbn
tbn porosi
sitn
tn s
OLM
makp
makpjnx
jnx jic
jicn
n mymjn
mymjn.. ommnpt
@

?5. Pbn maudtnr

tnrport ac o dneoti
tiv
vn njnm
jnmtr
tra
ads is tbn
tbn pasi
siti
tiv
vn pratad
tad.
O LM@
njnmtrad
?2. Pbn odhjn gaidt
idt ammur wbnrn tbn jaw
jawnr nd`s ac tbn
tbn ti
til
lio od` cilu
ilujo sjat dnotjy oraud`
OLM @
tbn
tbn toju
tojus.
s.  ammurs

?9. Id tbn
tbn ^ditn
itn` ]totn
totns
s od` Modo`o katar
tar vnbimjn
imjn jow
jows occnm
cnmt tbn
tbn apnrotn ac
OLM
katar
katarmy
mymjn
mjns
s os wn
wnjj
jj os ou
outak
takal
alijn
ijns.
s. apnrotiad
@

<6..
<6 Pbn dn
dnam
amar
artn
tnx
x is id nva
vaju
juti
tia
adory
dory tnrk
tnrks
s kast
ast rnmn
rnmndt
dt jo
joyn
ynrr ac tbn
tbn lr
lro
oid
id..
OLM @
tbn kast
<?. Pbnrn orn karn tbo
tbod nieb
iebty-c
ty-ca
aur kij
ijji
jia
ad spn
spnmik
ikn
nds id tbn
tbn Doti
tia
adoj Kusnu
snuk ac
  L
Doturo
Doturojj Bis
Bistary
tary s majj
majjnmtia
nmtiad
d ac liajaeimo
liajaeimojj ena
enajaeim
jaeimoj
oj ormbna
ormbnajaei
jaeimoj
moj od`
M
odtbrap
odtbrapajae
ajaey
y trno
trnosurn
surns.
s.
@
odtbrapajaeimoj
<<..
<< Octn
ctnr Enare
naren
n Uosbid
sbidet
etad
ad korri
orrin`
n` wi`
i`aw
aw Kortb
ortbo
o Mus
usti
tis
s tb
tbn
n maup
maupjn
jn mok
mokn ta rn
rnsi
si`
`ns
Oµ LM@
ot Kau
audt
dt Snrda
nrdad.
d. rnsi`n

<=..
<= Ot tbis
tbis st
stoe
oen
n id tb
tbni
nirr `n
`nvn
vnja
japk
pknd
ndtt rull
rulln
nri
rizn
zn`
` ospb
ospbo
ojt mod
mod bo
bor`
r`jy
jy ln mjo
joss
ssic
icin
in`
` os
 p88
 p L M @
its
muttid
muttide
e n`en
n`en..

<0. \bnsus
sus kadhnys nxbilitilit pott
ttn
nrds
rds ac sby
sby si
sik
kij
ijo
or ta tba
tbasn id bukods.
O   M @
sbydnss
<>. Id spom
spomn
n wititb
b da er
erov
ovit
ity
y car
car kusmj
usmjns
ns ta warh
arh oeoi
oeoids
dstt tbn
tbn la
la`y
`y lnma
lnmak
kns wnohj
nohjy.
y.
OLM @
wnoh
<3. Cart Gnc
Gnccnrs
cnrsa
ad id tbn
tbn @ryPa
ryPart rtu
ueos acc tb
tbn
n sautbn
tbnrd ti
tipp ac Cjari
jari`
`o m
mo
od ln rno
rnomb
  M
rnombn`
adjy ly laot ar pjod
jodn.
@

-  

NI I QI~ {I  7I8I~IGG
~ - ~j~77?
Q......8 . ~ .
PANCJ Vrn`imtiad Pnst ?0 Cnlruory <6<?
   

M A K V J N P N P N ] P V o pn
pn r ><>
 

<5. O zaak jnds pra`umns od idvnrtn` rnoj ikoen n niitbnr ad tbn cijk id o moknro od` ad
OLM
OL M I

tb
tbn
n ji
jieb
ebt-
t-sn
snds
dsit
itiv
ivn
n tuln
tuln ac o tn
tnjn
jnvi
visi
siad
ad mo
mok
knro.
nro. ar

<2. ]upnrsadim cjiebt is cjiebt tbot is costnr tbn spnn` ac saud`.

O ?= M @
os cost os
<9. Pbn Lntotohnd Bausn \uids ot Dovoga Dotiadoj Kadukndt is okade tbn jorenst od`
 
orn
kast
ast nj
njol
ola
arotn
rotn mjicc
jicc `wnjjid
jjides
es id tbn
tbn maud
maudtr
try.
y.
M @

=6. It is o makkad alsnrvo

rvotia
tiad tbo
tbot jiq
jiqui`s
i`s wij
ijjj saoh tb
tbra
rau
ueb sakn kotn
tnri
rio
ojs lut dat
OLM
OLM
tb
tbra
raue
ueb
b at
atbn
bnr.
r.
 
tbn atbnr
=?. Pbn duklnr ac wij`
ij` bars
rsn
ns ad Ossotno
tnoeun orn idmrnosid
ide
e jo
jotn
tnjjy rns
rnsujt
jtid
ide
e id
  M
is
avn
avnre
rero
rozn
zn`
` kor
ors
sb od
od`
` `ud
`udn ero
eross
ssn
ns.
 

=<..
=< Pbn dnw
nws
srnn
rnnjs ac Bnor
ors
st Kntra
ntrad
dak
akn
n Dnw
nws
s wbi
bim
mb cark
carkn`
n` port
port ac nvnry
vnry kavin
avinea
eanr
nr s
 

nxpnrin
rindmn id tbn nro lncarn tnjn
tnjnv
visia
isiad
d accnr
cnr od udiq
iqu
un rnm
rnmar` ac tb
tbn
n nvndts ac tb
tbn
n
LM@
o
?9=6s.

==. ^djihn
ihnjy eos spart lojja
jjaads bat oir lojjaa
jaads `a dat bovn dnts.
ts.
O L  njj
^djihn
=0. Lard id Kossombusntts
tts id ?2>< Ojlnrt Corlodhs bos lneud kohide
ide lodgas id Lasta
tad
d
OLM
OL M
lneod
id tbn jotn ?256s.
 

=>. @wie
iebt
bt @ovi`
vi` Nisnd
isndb
baw
awn
nr ki
kiji
jito
tory
ry acci
accimn
mnrr od`
od` tb
tbir
irty
ty-c
-cau
aurt
rtb
b prn
rns
si`
i`n
ndt ac tb
tbn
n ^di
ditn
tn`
`
 

]t
]tot
otn
ns ji
jivn
vn`
` id tbn
tbn Ubitn
itn Bausn
ausn od`
od` ac jn
jnos
ostt tb
tbir
irty
ty-s
-sn
nvnd
vnd atb
tbn
nr rnsi
rnsi`
`nd
ndm
mns
ns..
  M @
ot jnost
=3. Kntbo
tbodn id wntjo
tjod`s makns crak
rak saij lomtnrio
rio tbo
tbot madsukns areo reodim pjo
jod
dt kott
ttn
nr.
OLM @
madsukn
=5. OjaisO
jaisOjz
jzb
bniknr ko`n tbn
tbn cirs
irst alsnrvnrs ac tbn tnj
tnjjt
jto
ojn sie
ied
ds ac tb
tbn
n `isn
isnosn tbot ta`oy
 
alsnrvotiad
lnors bis dokn.

M @

a ~ •• Q QQQQ

PANCJ Vrn`imtiad Pnst ?0 Cnlruory <6<?

><3 MAKVJNPN PN
PN]P V
Voopnr
 

=2. N`wor` Kom@awnjj rnknklnrs os tbn makpasnr ac sumb pnrnddioj covaritns os Pao
Pao
  M @
wos rnknklnrn`
Uij`\asn
ij`\asn od`
od` Pao Uotnr
Uotnr Jijy.
Jijy.

=9..
=9 Odikis
ikisk
k is tbn
tbn lnjin
njincc tb
tbot
ot algnm
lgnmts
ts od
od`
` dotu
doturo
rojj pbnd
pbndak
aknd
ndo
o su
sumb
mb os ri
rivn
vnrs
rs ra
ramh
mhs
s od
od`
`
 

wid`
id` or
orn
n jiv
jivn od
od`
` bov
ovn
n cnnj
cnnjid
ide
es.
 
ojivn
06. Dnwta
nwtad
diod
iod pby
pbysims
sims om
omma
mau
udts
dts car
car tbn
tbn alsn
alsnrv
rvid
ide
e arl
rlit
its
s ac tb
tbn
n pjo
jodn
dnts
ts od
od`
` tb
tbn
n kaads.
ads.
  M @
alsnrvn`

Pbis Is tbn nd` ac ]nmtiad <.

Ic yau cidisb lncarn <> kidutns bos nd`d`nn`,
mbnmh yaur warh ad ]nmtiad < adjadjy.

 
Ot tbn nd` ac <> kidutns, ea ad ta ]nmtiad =.
^sn nxomtjy >> kidutns ta warh ad ]nmtiad =.

PANCJ Vrn`imtiad Pnst ?0 Cnlruory <6<?

MAKVJNPNPN]P
MAKVJNPNPN]P Vopnr ><5
 

]NMPIAD
\N @IDE
@IDE MAKV
MAKV\N
\NBN
BND]
D]IA
IAD
D
Pikn-->> kidu
Pikn kidutn tns
s
 idmju
 idmju`i
`ide
de tbn
tbn rn
rno`
o`id
ide
e ac tbn
tbn `i
`irn
rnmt
mtia
iads
ds))
Daw
Da w snt
snt yaur
aur mj
mja
amh ca
carr >> kidu
kidutntns.
s.

Pbis snmtiad is `nsiedn` ta knosurn yaur olijity ta rno` od` ud`nrstod` sbart possoens sikijor id
ta
tap
pim od`
od` sty
tyjn
jn ta tb
tba
asn tb
tbot
ot stu`n
tu`nd
dts orn jihn
ihnjy ta ndma
mau
udtn
dtnr id Dar
artb
tb Oknrimo
imod ud
udiivnr
vnrsi
siti
tin
ns od`
majjnens.

@irnmtiads7 Id tbis snmtiad yau wijj rno` snvnroj possoens. Nomb adn is cajjawn` ly o duklnr ac
qunstiads olaut it. Yau orn ta mbaasn tbn adn lnst odswnr, O), L), M), ar @), ta nomb qunstiad. Pbnd,
ad yaur odswnr sbnnt, cid` tbn duklnr ac tbn qunstiad od` cijj id tbn spomn tbot marrnspad`s ta tbn
jn
jntt
ttn
nr ac tbn odswnr yau bov
ovn
n mbasn
asnd.

Odswnr ojj qunstiads olaut tbn idcarkotiad id o possoen ad tbn losis ac wbot is stotn` ar ikpjin` id
tbot
tbot poss
possoe
oen.
n.

\no`
\no` tbn
tbn ca
cajj
jjaw
awid
ide
e po
poss
ssoe
oen7
n7

Gabd _uidmy O`oks, wba snrvn` os tbn sixtb prnsi`ndt ac tbn ^ditn` ]totns crak ?2<>
ta ?2<9,<9, is ta`oy
`oy rnma
maeediz
dizn` car bis koststn
nrcuj
rcuj sto
stotn
tnsk
skod
ods
sbi
bip
p od`
od` `ipja
ipjak
komy. Bn `n`n``imo
imotn
tn`
` bis
jicn ta puljim snrvimn, latb id tbn prnsi`ndmy od` id tbn voriaus atbnr pajitimoj accimns tbot bn
 id bnj`
j`.. Pbra
raue
uebbaut bis
bis paj
ajit
itim
imo
oj mor
orn
nnr bn `nkadsdstr
tro
otn
tn`
` bis udsw
swn
nrvid
vide lnji
jin
nc id crn
rnn
n`ak
`ak ac
 >) spnnmb, tbn odtisjovnry mousn, od` tbn riebt ac Oknrimods ta ln crnn crak Nurapnod od` Osiod
`akidotiad.

xokpjn I ]ok
okpj
pjn
n Od
Odsw
swnr
nr

Pa wbot
bot `i` Ga
Gab
bd _uidm
uidmy
y O`ok
`oks `nv
`nvatn bis jic
icn1
n1  
a
 O
 O)) Ikpravide bis pnrsadoj jicn  
 L) ]nrvide tbn puljim F
 M
 M)) Idmrnoside bis cartudn
 @) Uarhide ad bis privotn lusidnss

Omm
mmar
ar`i
`ide
de ta tb
tbn
n poss
possoe
oen,
n, Gabd
Gabd _uidm
uidmy
y O`ok
`oks `n`i
`n`imo
motn
tn`
` bi
bis
s jicn
jicn ta pu
pulj
ljim
im sn
snrv
rvim
imn.
n. Pbn
Pbnrn
rnca
carn
rn,, ya
yau
u

sbau
sbauj`
j` mbaa
mbaasn
sn L).
L).
xokpjn   ]ok
okpj
pjn
n Od
Odsw
swnr
nr

Id ji
jidn
dn 0, tb
tbn
n war` uds
udswnrv
rvid
ide
e is mja
jasn
sns
st id knodide
dide ta  

O) kavnoljn
 L) id
idsi
sied
edic
icim
imod
odtt
 M) udmbo
mbodei
eidde
 @
 @)) `ipj
`ipjak
akot
otim
im

Pbn possoe
ssoen
n stotn
totns
s tbo
bott Gabd _uidm
uidmyy O`oks `nkadstr
dstro
otn`
tn` bibis
s uds
udswnrvid
rvide
e lnjin
njincc tbra
tbrau
ueba
ebaut bis
bis
morn
rnn
nr. Pbis ikpjijins
ns tb
tbo
ot tb
tbn
n lnji
jin
nc `i` dat mb
mbo
oden
den. Pbn
bnrrnca
ncarn
rn,, yau sbau
bauj` mba
baa
asn M).

Daw lne
lneid warh
arh ad tbn quns
nsti
tiad
ads
s.

PANCJ Vrn`imtiad Pnst ?0 Cnlruory <6<?

.. .   . ...   Q

><2 MAKVJNPNPN]P Vopnr

 

_unstiads ? ?

Pbn bipippa
papa
patotokkus is tb tbnn tbir
tbir`` jore
joren
nst jod`
jod` odik
odiko oj, sk
skoojj
jjnr
nr ad
adjy
jy tb
tbo
od tbn
tbn njnp
jnpbo
bodt
dt od` tb tbn n
rb
rbid
idam
amnnra
ras.
s. It
Its
s dok
dokn mak akn ns crak
crak tw twaa Ern
rnnh
nh war`
r`ss wbim
bimb knodnod ri rivn
vnrr ba
bars
rsn.
n. Pbn jajade
de dok
dokn ac tbis tbis
odik
dikoj is actn
actndd sba
sbart rtn
ndn
dn` ` ta tb
tbn
n nosisin
nr ta bod`j
od`jnn tn
tnrk
rk bip ipp
pa.
id Pbn bippa bos o doturoj occid cidit
ity
y car tbn wotnr. It `ans dat cjaot ad tap ac tbn wotnr tnr8 idstno`, it mod
>) nosij
sijywo
ywojjh ojade tbn lattak ac o la`y ac wotnr. Pbn bippa makkadjy rnkoids ids ud`nrw
rwo otnr car tbrnn
ta civnki
nkid dutns od` bos lnnd hdawd ta stoy ud`nr car up ta bojc od baur lncarn makide up ca carr oir
ir..
Id spit
itn
n ac itits
s dokn, tbn bipp ippa bos rnjotiv ivn
njy jittj
tjn
n id makkad witb tbn barsn od` ids idstno
tno` bos o
duk
du klnr
lnr ac idtn
idtnrn
rnst
stid
idee si
sik
kij
ijo
ori
riti
tins
ns id makakk kad wit itb
b tb
tbnn wbojn
bojn.. Ubnd
bnd o bipp
bippaa mak
makns up oct ctn
nr o ststo
oy ot
tbn lattak
tak ac o johjohn ar rivnivnr,it rn
rnjjnosns oir tbraueb o ljawbajn, jn, gust jihn o wbojn. Id o``iti tia
ad, tbn
 ? 6 bip
bippa rnrnsn
snk
kljljn
ns tbtbnn wbojn
bojn id tbo
tbot tbtbny
ny la
latb
tb bo
bov
vn tb
tbim
imhh jo
joyn
ynrs
rs ac lj
ljul
ulln
lnrr ca
carr prat
pratn
nmtia
mtiadd od`
od` tbny
tbny ornorn
ojkast
ojk ast mak
makpjn
pjntnj
tnjyy boi
boirjn
rjnss.
ss.

?. Pbn ta
tap
pim ac tb
tbis
is poss
posso
oen is 3 Omma
mmar`
r`id
ide
e ta tb
tbn
n poss
possooen,
en, wbot
bot is tbn
tbn
kox
oxik
ikuk
uk ti
tik
kn tbot
tbot bipp
bippas
as bovn
bovn lnnd
lnnd
 O) tb
tbn
n jo
jore
rens
nstt jo
jod`
d` od
odik
ikoj
ojs
s
hd
hdaw
awdd ta sto
stoy
y ud`n
ud`nrw
rwototnr
nr1
1
 L tb
tbn
n `nri
`nrivo
voti
tiad
adss ac od
odik
ikojoj dok
dokns
  M tb
tbn
n mb
mbor
orom
omtn
tnri
rist
stim
ims
s ac tb
tbn
n bipp
bippa
a  O) Pbrnn
Pbrnn ki
kidut
dutns
ns
  @ tb
tbn
n rn
rnjo
joti
tiad
ad lntw
lntwn nnd tb
tbn
n bipp
bippaa od`  L Civn kid
kidutns
utns
tbn
tbn wb
wbojojnn   M Pb
Pbirty
irty ki
kidut
dutns
ns
  @ Didn
Didnty
ty kidu
kidutns
tns
<. It mod ln idcnrrn` crak tbn possoen tbot tbn
rbid
rbidam
amnr
nras
as is 5. Pbn nxprns
prnssi
sia
ad bos
bos rnjo
rnjoti
tivn
vnjy
jy ji
jitt
ttjn
jn id
 O) sko
skojj
jjn
nr tb
tbo
od tb
tbn
n bip
ipp
pa ma
mak
kkad id ji jidn
dn 5 ma
mauj
uj`
` lnst
lnst ln rnpj
rnpjom
omn`
n`
 L nqu
quooj id si
sizn
zn ta tb
tbn
n njnp
jnpbodt
bodt ly
  M o bylri` ac tbn bippa od` tbn  O) bos cnw idt
idtnro
nromti
mtiads
ads
njnpbodt  L is da
datt da
dark
rkoj
ojjy
jy ca
caud
ud` `
  @ adn ac tbn twa jorenst typ
typns ac jod`   M bos
bos ki
kidi
dik
koj nxpn
nxpnrirind
ndmn
mn
odikojs   @ sbo
sborns
rns cnw sik
sikijo
ijoriti
ritins
ns

= Pbn pas
assn
snss
ssiv
ivn
n It
Its
s id ji
jidn
dn < rn
rncn
cnrs
rs ta 2 Pbn posso
ssoen st
sto
otns
tns tbo
tbot adn woy id wbimb o
 O) bippapatokus bippa is si
sik
kijor ta o wbojn is tbot
 L njnpbodt  O) tbny
tbny latb
atb ji
jivnad
vnad tbtbn
n latta
attakks ac ri
riv
vnrs
  M rbidamnras  L tbny
tbny la
latb
tb bo
bovn
vn lj
ljaw
awbabajn
jnss
  @ barsn   M tb
tbny
ny orn la
latb
tb dokn` oct ctn
nr ba
bars
rsn
ns

0. It mod ln idcnrrn` crak tbn possoen tbot tbn   @ tb

tbny
ny latb
latb lrno
lrnotb
tbn
n ud
ud`n
`nrw
rwot
otnr
nr
bipp
bippap
apat
atok
okusus is ma
mak
kkad
adjy
jy mojj
mojjn`
n` o bipp
bippa
a 9 Pbn war` lju
ljull
llnr
nr id ji
jid
dn jA
jAis
is mja
mjasn
snst
st id
lnmo
lnmous
usn
n tbn
tbn wa
war`
r` bipp
bippa
a is knod
knodid
ide
e ta
 O) sikpj
sikpjnrnr ta pr
prad
adau
audm
dmnn  O) cot
 L smi
smindt
ndticim
icimojj
ojjy
y ka
karnrn omm
ommuro
urotn
tn  L kntoj
  M tb
tbn
n arie
arieid
idojoj dok
dokn   M wotnr
  @ no
nosi
sin
nr ca
carr tb
tbnn odik
odikoj
oj ta rnm
rnmae
aedi
diz
zn   @ shid

> Pbn war` cjcja

aot id ji
jid
dn 0 is mja
jasn
snst
st id ? Pbn posso
ossoe
en st
stot
otnns tb
tbot
ot tb
tbn
n bippa
ippa `ans
ans da
datt
kno
nodi
dide
de ta  O) jih
jihn
n wot
wotnr
nr
 O) sidh  L rnsn
rnsnkl
kljn
jn tb
tbn
n wb
wbojojn
n
 L `rict   M bovn
bovn o pr
prat
atnm
nmtiv
tivn
n ma
maot
otid
ide
e
  M not   @ bovn
bovn kumb
umb boir
boir
  @ cjop

PANCJ Vrn`imtiad Pnst ?0 Cnlruory <6<?

MAKVJN
MAKVJNPN
PN PN]
PN]P
P Vop
Vopnr
nr ><9
 

 u stia
stiads
ds   9

Gabd Gokns Ou`ula ulad, dididn

ntn
tnn
ndtb-m
tb-mnndt
dtu
ury ort rtis
istt od` dotu
oturoroji
jist
st,, is hdaw
dawd os adn ac tbn tbn carn
arnkast
outb
tba
ariti
ritins
ns ad Dartb
artb Oknrnrim
imo
od lir`s.
r`s. Lak id Jns Moyns ns,, Boit
iti,
i, id ?52>
52>, Ou`u
u`ulad wos ro roiisn
sn`` id
Crodm
odmn od` st stu`
u`iin` ort ud`
ud`nr Crn rnd
dmb ortitist
st Go
Gomq
mqu
uns-Jau
s-Jauiis @ovi`. i`. Octn
ctnr sntt
ttjjide
ide ad bis cotb
otbnr s
Jidn Vnddsyjvodio nstotn ot tbn oen ac niebtnnd, bn cirst lneod ta stu`y od` poidt lir`s.
(>) Id bis yaude o`ujtbaa`, Ou`ulad ud`nrtaah duknraus ndtnrprisns, endnrojjy witbaut o
trn
rnk
knd`a `auus okaudt ac su summmns
nss8
s8 ot vori
riau
auss tikn
ikns `urid
uride e bis ji
jiccn bn wos idvadvajvn
jvn` id o knrmrmo
odt
dtij
ijn
n
lusidnss, o juklnr od` erist kijj, o toxi`nrky lusidnss, od` o smbaaj. Bis endnroj ka`n ac apnrotide o
lusidnss wos ta jnovn it nitbnr udottnd`n` ar id tbn bod`s ac o portdnr od` tohn acc ad nxmursiads
tbraueb tbn wij`s ta poidt tbn doturoj jicn tbot bn sow. Bis lusidnss mornnr mokn ta nd` id ?2?9wbn 9wbnd
 ?6 bn wos goioijn
jn`
` ca
carr `nlt od` car
arm
mn` ta cijn
cijn ca
carr lod
lodhrurupptm
tmyy.
It wos ot tbot tikn tbot Ou`ulad lneod snriausjy ta pursun tbn `rnok ac puljisbide o majjnmtiad
ac bis poidtides ac lir`s. Car tbn dnxt six ynors bn poidtn` lir`s id tbnir doturoj bolitots wbijn bis wicn
warhn` os o tnombnr ta suppart tbn cokijy. Bis Lir` Lir`ss ac knri
knrimo
mo wbimb idm dmju
ju` `n` nd
ndeero
rov
vide
ides ac 0=> ac
bis majarcuj od` jicnjihn wotnr majars, wos puljisbn` id ports `uride tbn pnria` crak ?2<3 ta ?2=2 id
 ?> Nde
dejo
jod
d`. Octnr
tnr tbn su
sum
mmn
mns
ss ac tbn Ndejejis
isb
b n`iti
`itiad
adss, Oknrimo imod n`it itia
iads
ds ac bis warh arh wnrn
nrn pul
uljjis
isbn
bn`` id
?2=
?2=9, od` bis coknokn od` cart
cartu
udn wnrn
nrn ndsusurrn`
n`..

??. Pbis possoen is koidjy olaut ?0. Pbn war` ka`n id

id jidn 5 mauj` lnst ln
rnpj
rnpjom
omn`
n` ly
(O) Dart
Dartbb Oknr
Oknrimimod
od li
lir`
r`s
s
(L) Ou`ulad s rautn ta summnss os o (O) kntba`
poid
poidtn
tnrr ac li
lir`
r`ss (L) vaeun
(M) tb
tbn
n warhs
arhs tb
tbot
ot Ou`u`ul
ulad
ad pulj
puljis
isbn
bn`` (M) ovnroen
(@) Ou`
u`ul
ulad
ad s prnc
prncnr
nrnd
ndmn
mn ca
carr tr
trov
ovnj
nj id (@) trnd`
dotu
doturo
rojj bo
boli
lito
tots
ts
?>. Ou`u
u`ula
lad
d `nmi`n
i`n` dat
dat ta madti
tid
dun ta
?<. Pbn war` carnkast id jidn ? is mjasnst id pu
purs
rsun
un lusi
lusidn
dnss
ss wbnd
bnd
knodi
nodide
de ta
(O) bn wos idgurn` id od ommi`ndt ot o
(O) pdar er
eris
istt kijj
kijj
(L) jno`ide (L) bn `nmi`n` ta stu`y ort id Crodmn
(M) cirst (M) bn wos put id prisad lnmousn bn awn`
(@) jorenst kadny
(@) bn ko`n ndaueb kadny crak bis
?=. Id tbn snmad` poroeropb, tbn outbar poidtides
koidj
ko idjy
y `ismu
`ismussn
ssns
s
?3. Pbn
Pbn war` pur
pursun id ji
jid
dn ?? is mja
mjasn
snst
st id
(O) baw
baw Ou`u
Ou`ulalad d `nvn
`nvnja
japn
pn`` bi
bis
s po
poid
idti
tide
de
kno
nodi
dide
de ta
styjn
(L) Ou`ul
u`uladad s id
idva
vajv
jvnk
nknd
ndtt id o (O) ikoeidn
knrm
kn rmodt
odtijn
ijn lusidn
lusidnss
ss (L) sborn
(M) wbnrn Ou`u
u`ulad wndt ad bis (M) cajjaw
nxmursiads (@) `ndy
(@) Ou
Ou`u
`ulad
lad s udsumm
udsummnss
nsscuj
cuj lusidn
lusidnss
ss
promtimns

PANCJ Vrn`imtiad Pnst ?0 Cnlruory <6<?

>=6 MAKVJNPNPN]P Vopnr

 

?5. Ommar`ide ta tb
tbn
n possoen, Ou`ulad s ?9. It mod ln idcnrrn` crak tbn possoen tbot
poidtides oc
octn
tnrr ?2
?2=9
=9 Ou`
u`ul
ulad
ad

(O)
(O) wnrn rno
rnoji
jis
sti
tim
m partro
rtroy
yojs (O)) udsummnsscujjy
(O jjy trin
trin`
` ta `nvnja
jap
p dnw
(L) usn` adjy ljomh, wbitn, od` eroy lusidnssns
(M) wnrn `adn id aijs (L) madtidun` ta ln suppartn` ly bis wicn
(@) `npimtn` lir`s id moens (M) trovnjn` ta Nurapn
(@) lnmokn wnojtb jtby

?2. Pbn war` s su

uppart id jidn ?= mauj` lnst ln
rn
rnp
pjo
jom
mn` ly

(O) ta
(O) tajjnro
rotn
tn
(L) pravi`n car
(M) si`n witb
(@) ciebt car

    . ----
.`7nI I~ . •7IG~I,ij.~j`i4
~ QQ

~   Q ~ 
PANCJ Vrn`imtiad Pnst ?0 Cnlruory <6<?

MAKVJN
MAKVJNPN
PN PN]
PN]P
P Vop
Vopnr
nr >= I
 

_uns
nsttia
iad
ds < <9

]m
]mbi
bizzapb
apbrnrnd
dio is actn
actndd madcu
adcusn
sn`` witb
itb kujti
ujtipj
pjnn pnrs
pnrsadadoj
ojit
ity
y `isa
`isar`r`nnr ynt
ynt is quit
quitnn `isti
istid
dmt crak
crak itit..
]m
]mbi
bizzapbr
apbrnd ndio
io is adn ac tb tbnn karnarn ma
mak kkad kndto dtoj `is
`isar`n
ar`nrs
rs,, ma
mads
dsi`
i`nr
nroolj
ljyy karn mak makkad tb tbod
od
kuj
ujti
tipj
pjnn pn
pnrs
rsad
adoj
ojit
ity
y `i`isa
sar`
r`nr
nr.. Pb
Pbnn tn
tnrk
rk smbsmbizizap
apbr
brnd
ndioio is mak
makpasn
pasn` ` ac raraat
atss wb
wbimimbb knonod
d o spji
spjitt
ttid
ide e
 id ac tbn
tbn kid` id`, lut it `ans dat rn rnccnr ta o `ivis
ivisia
iadd idta
idta snporo rotn
tn od` `istiistid
dmt pnrsarsadojijiti
tin
ns, os ammurs id
 >) kujti
ujtipj
pjn
n pnrs
pnrsa adoji
dojity
ty `isa
isar`n
r`nr. Idst
Idstn
no`,
o`, smb
smbiz
izaapbrn
pbrndi
dimm lnbo
lnbov via
iarr is endn
ndnrojj
rojjy
y mb
mbor
oro
omt
mtnnri
riz
zn` ly ij ijja
jaei
eimo
mojj
tb
tba
aue
uebt
bt pott
pottnr
nrds
ds od
od` ` witb
itb`ro
`rowoj cr craak rnoj
rnojit
ity
y. ]m
]mb biz
izap
apbrbrn
ndi
dimms actn
actnd d ji
jiv
vn id o cocod
dto
tosy
sy warj`
arj` wbnrn
bnrn tbtbny
ny
bno
bnor vavaim
imnns tb
tbot
ot atbn
atbnrsrs mo
modddat
dat bnor
bnor,, ac
actn
tnd
d vaim
vaimnsns ac cok
cokaus pnap napjn
jn.. ]m
]mbibiz
zapbr
apbrndndim
ims
s tntnd`
d` ta wit itb
b`row
`row
cra
rak
k cokijin ijinss od` crcrin
indd`s od` makkudimo imotn koidj idjy witb tbn vaim imnns tbtboot tb
tbnny bnor id tb tbn
nir kid id``s.
It is makkad car car tbn
tbn sykptak taks ac smbiza izapbrndio ta `nvnja jap
p `uri rid
de tbtbn
n jo
jotn
tn tn
tnn
nd ynors ar norjy rjy
 ?6 twn
tw ndtin
tins, lut tbn mousns ac smbiz iza
apbrndio orn dat wnjj ud`nrst rstaa`. It is lnjin invvn` tb
tboot bnrn
rn``it
ity
y koy
pjoyo port id tbn tbn adsnt ac smbiza izapbrn
rnddio.
io. Id o``itiaitiadd, oldarkoj lroid mbnkist istry ojsa
jsa snnks ta bovn o
rajn
rajn88 mnr
nrto
toid
id lro
lroid mbnmbnkimoj
imojs,
s, mojjn
ojjn`
` dnur
dnura atro
trodsk
dskittn
ittnrs
rs,, bovn
bovn lnnlnnd cacaud
ud` ` ta ln ot olda
oldark rkooj jn
jnvn
vnjsid
jsid
sakn smbiza
smbizapbrndim
pbrndims. s.

< Pbn por

oro
oero
eropb pr
prn
nmn
mn`i
`ide
de tb
tbn
n pos
possoen
soen kast
ast <0 Ubo
bott is DAPtru
APtrun n olau
olautt smbi
smbiza
zapb
pbrn
rndi
dio,
o,
pralolj
praloljy
y `is
`ismus
mussns
sns omma
ommar`
r`idide
e ta tb
tbn
n po
poss
ssoe
oen1
n1

 O) tb
tbn
n mo
mous
usns
ns ac sm
smbi
biza
zapb
pbrn
rndi
dio
o  O) It is mborom
romtnri
tnriz
zn` ly snporo rotn
tn od`
(L)
(L) kujtipjn pnrsadojity `isar`nr `istidmt pnrsadojitins.
  M tb
tbn
n kast
ast mak
makkad kndto dtoj `isa
`isar`
r`n
nr (L)
(L) It actn
actndd mous
ousns wititb
b`ro
`rowoj crak
crak
 @) passiljn m
muurns cca
ar sm
smbizapbrndio rnojity.
  M Its
Its syk
sykptak
ptakss id
idmj
mju`
u`nn ij
ijja
jaei
eimo
mojj
<? Ubimb aacc ttb
bn cca
ajjawide is
is tr
trun olaut tbauebt pottnrds.
smbi
smbiza
zapb
pbrn
rndidio
o od
od`` ku
kujt
jtip
ipjn
jn pn
pnrs
rsad
adoj
ojit
ity
y  @) Its vimti
tik
ks tn
tnd
d` ta bnor vaim imn
ns id tbnir
`isar`nr1 kid`s.

 O) Pbny
Pbny or
orn
n rnj
rnjot
otiv
ivnjy
njy siki
sikijo
jor.
r.
<> Omm
mmar
ar`
`id
ide
e ta tb
tbn
n pos
oss
soe
oenn, baw `a
(L)
(L) Adn is o ps
psym
ymba
baja
jaei
eimo
mojj `i
`isa
sar`r`nr
nr,, wb
wbij
ijn
n
sm
smbi
biza
zapb
pbrn
rndi
dims
ms endn
endnro
rojj
jjy
y rnjo
rnjotn
tn ta tbni
tbnirr
tbn atbnr is dat.
cokijins1
  M Kod
odyy pna
pnapjn
pjn kisto
istohn
hn adn
adn car
car tbtbnn
atbnr.  O) Pbny
bny orn
orn qui
uitn
tn crin
crind`
d`jy
jy wit itb
b tb
tbni
nirr
 @) Kujt
ujtipj
ipjn
n pn
pnrsa
rsado
dojit
jity
y `is
`isar
ar`n
`nrr am
ammumurs
rs cokijins.
karn
ka rn actn
actnd
d tb
tbod
od smsmbi
biza
zapb
pbrnrndi
dio.o. (L)
(L) Pbny lnma
lnmakkn rnrnk
katn crak
crak tb tbni
nirr
cokijins.
<< @isar`nr
@isar`nr id jidn = is mjasnst id knodide ta   M Pbny
bny bov
bovn od ndbo
dbodmn
dmn` olij
olijitity
y ta
wbim
wbimb
b ac tbn
tbn ca
cajj
jjaw
awid
ide1
e1 ud`n
ud`nrs
rsto
tod`
d` tbtbni
nirr co
cok
kijijin
ins.
s.
 @) Pb
Pbny
ny mak
makku
kudidimo
motn
tn ap
apndndjy
jy wit itb
b tb
tbni
nirr
 O) @isruptiad
cokijins.
(L)
(L) ^dti`idnss
  M Kisojiedkndt <3 It mod ln id
idcn
cnrr
rrnn` crak
rak tb
tbn
n possoen tbo
tbot  t
 @) @isnosn
wauj
wa uj`
` ln jn
jnos
ostt makk
makkadad car
car sm
smbi
biza
zapb
pbrn
rndi
dioo
ta `nvnjap ot tbn oen ac
<= It mod ln idcnrrn` crak tbn possoen tbot o.
 smbisk is  O) cictnnd
(L)
(L) twndty
 O) o `i
`ivi
visi
siad
ad id idta
ta comt
comtia
iads
ds
  M twndty-civn
(L)
(L) o knd
ndto
tojj `isn
isnos
osn
n
 @) tbirty
  M o pnrs
pnrsad
adojojit
ity
y troi
troitt
 @) o port ac tbn lroid

~ Q   ~ -- -- -
PANCJ Vrn`imtiad Pnst ?0 Cnlruory <6<?
 

>=< M A K V J N P N P N ] P V op nr
 

<5. Pbn war` ad

ds
snt id jidn ?? is mjasnst id <9. Ubnrn id tbn possoen `ans tbn outbar
knodide ta nxpjoid tbn `nrivotiad ac tbn tnrk
 smbizapbrndio 1
 O)
 O) stort
 L
 L)) kn`imotiad  O
 O)) Jidns =->
 M
 M)) nccnmt  L)
 L) Jidns >-3
 @)
 @) oen  M
 M)) Jidns 9-?6
 @)
 @) Jidns ??-?=

<2. Pbn war` ol

olddarkoj id jidn ?? is mjasnst
id knodide ta

 O)
 O) udstoljn
 L)
 L) udrn
rne
eujo
jotn
tn`
`
 M) udmbortn`
 @
 @)) udusuoj

o µ I I . • . 7?=~?7t7tj~  
- ~ -~.  

~Q . . Q Q   Q   -- -  
PANCJ Vrn`imtiad Pnst ?0 Cnlruory <6<?

M A K V J N P N P N ] P V o pn
pn r > ====
 

_unstiads = =9

Vnapjn orn actnd surprisn` ta jnord gust baw jade sakn vorintins ac trnns mod jivn.   os oshn
hn`
` ta
nstikotn tbn oen ac tbn aj`nst jivide trnns ad,No ,Nortb, tbny actnd makn up witb eunssns id tbn
dnie
iebblar
arb
baa`
aa` ac tw
twaa ar pnrb
nrbop
ops
s tbr
brn
nn bud`rn
d`rn`` ynors.
ors. Pbn rno
nojj ods
dsw
wnr is mad
madsi
si`
`nro
nroljy
ljy jo
jore
ren
nr tbo
bod
d
 id tb
tbo
ot, karn tbtbo
od civ
ivn
n tb
tbau
aussod
od`
` ynorsors.
 >) Pbn trnn tbot wids tbn prizn car its madsi`nroljn koturity is tbn lristjnmadn pidn ac Mojicardio.
Pbis vndnroljn pidn prn`otns wad`nrs ac tbn odmindt warj` sumb os tbn pyroki`s ac Neypt, tbn
Bod
ode eid
ide
e Eor`nd
`nds ac Lolyja jad
d, od` tbtbnn Majassu
assuss ac \ba`ns
`ns.  t is dat dnorjy os tojj os tbn eiodt rn`waa`
tbot is ojsa caud` id Mojicardio, od`, id comt, it is omtuojjy dat vnry tojj makporn` witb kody atbnr
trnns, actnd jittjn karn tbod civn kntnrs id bniebt. Pbis rnjotivnjy sbart bniebt koy ln adn ac tbn
 ?6 comtars tbot oi` tbn lristjnmadn pidn id jivide ta o ripn aj` oen-bieb wid`s od` idmjnkndt wnotbnr
moddat nosijy rnomb tbn sbartnr trnns od` mousn `okoen. Od o``itiadoj comtar tbot madtrilutns ta tbn
jade jicn ac tbn lristjnmadn pidn is tbot tbis typn ac trnn bos o bieb pnrmndtoen ac rnsid, wbimb prnvndts
ra
ratt crak
crak `nv
`nvnjap
japid
idee id tb
tbn
n tr
trn
nn tru
rud
dh od`
od` lrod
odm
mbns.
ns.

=6. Pbn lnst titjn car tbis possoen wauj` ln ==.  t modln idcnrrn` crak tbn possoen tbot
kast
kast pn
pnap
apjn
jn
 O) Pbn ]izn ac tb
tbn
n Lrist
ristjn
jnm
mad
adnn Vid
idn
n
 L) Pbrnn-Bud`rn`- Ynor-Aj`
Ynor-Aj`Carnsts
Carnsts  O) orn
orn quititn
n omm
ommuro
rotn
tn id tbni
bnir nst
stik
iko
otns
 M) Pbn Ua
Uad`nrs ac ttb
bn Od
O dmindt Ua
Uarj` ac tb
tbn oens ac
ac ttrrnns
  @ Od Okoz
Okozididej
ejy
y Nd`u
Nd`uri
ride
de Prnn
Prnn  L) bovn twa ta tbrnn bud`rn` trnns id
tbnir
tbn ir dn
dnieb
ieblar
larbaa
baa`s `s
=?. Pbn war` nst
nstiko
ikotn id ji
jid
dn < is mja
jas
sns
nstt id  M) `a dat rnojjy bovn ody i`no baw aj`
knodi
nodide
de ta tbn aj`nst trnns ad Nortb orn
  @ mod do
dokn
kn sakn
sakn tbrnn
tbrnn- -bud`r
bud`rn`-
n`-yno
ynor-
r-
 O) knosurn
aj
aj`
` trnn
trnnss
 L) oppraxikotn
 M) nvojuotn
=0. Om
Omma
mar`
r`id
ide
e ta tb
tbn
n po
poss
ssoe
oen,
n, op
oppr
prax
axik
ikot
otnj
njy
y
  @ SInw baw aj` orn tbn aj`nst trnns ad Nortb1

=<. Pbn nxprnssiad id tbn dnieblarbaa` ac id  O

 O)) Pwabud
abud`rn` ynors aj`
jidns <- = mauj` lnst ln rnpjomn` ly  L) Pbrnn bud`rn` ynors aj`
 M) Civn bud`rn` ynors aj`
 O) ac oppra
praxik
xikotntnjy
jy
 @) Civn tbausod` ynors aj`
 L
 L)) ad tbn sokn ljamh os
 M)
 M) witb tbn crind`jidnss ac
=>. Pbn war` vnd
vndnro
rol
ljn id ji
jid
dn 3 is mjas
jasns
nstt id
 @) jamotn` mjasn ta
knodi
odide ta wbimb ac tbn
tbn cajj
cajja
awide
ide1

 O) Odmindt
 L)
 L) Idmr
dmrn`il
n`iljjn
 M) Pawnride
 @)
 @) ^drn
^drnma
maed
edizizol
oljn
jn

PANCJ Vrn`imtiad Pnst ?0 Cnlruory <6<?

>=0 MAKVJNPN PN
PN]P V
Voopnr
 

=3. Pbn outbar kndtiads tbn Neyptiod =2. Pb

Pbn
n war`
war` id
idmj
mjnk
nknd
ndtt id jidn ?6 ma
jidn mauj
uj`
` ln
lnst
st
pyr
yro
oki`
i`s
s os od nxokpj
okpjn
n ac sa
sak
kntbid
bide tbot ln rn
rnp
pjo
jom
mn` ly
I]
 O suddy
 O co
corr owoy
owoy  L lo`
 L lnji
lnjinv
nvn`
n` ta ln ststra
rade
de  M udusuoj
 M nx
nxtrn
trnkn
knjy
jy toj
tojjj  @ strade
 @ hdawd ta ln aj`

=9. Pbn pos

oss
soen
oen stot
totns tbot
bot rns
nsid
id
=5. Ubimb ac tbn cajjawide is trun olaut tbn
 O oss
ssis
ists
ts tbn trnn
trnn trud
trudh
hs ta `nv
`nvnjap
jap
lristj
lristjnma
nmadn
dn pidn1
pidn1
 L is caud`
ud` adj
djy
y id tbn
tbn lris
istj
tjnm
nma
adn pid
pidn
 O is os tojj os tbn ernot pyroki`s. M cjaws crak tbn lrodmbns ta tbn trnn
 L It is dnvnr karn tbod civn kntnrs id trudh
bniebt. (@) bnjps stap rat crak stortide
(M)   is sbart id makporisad ta kody
at
atbn
bnrr trnn
trnns.
s.
(@)   mod ln twa ta tbrnn bud`rn` cnnt
tojj.

  Q 0 Q~ ~ Q Q~Q ~

PANCJ Vrn`imtiad Pnst ?0 Cnlruory <6<?

MAKVJNPNPN]P
MAKVJNPNPN]P Vopnr >=>
 

_unstiads 0 >

Pbn areodizo izotia

tiad tbo
tbot ta`ta`oy is hdawd os tbn tbn Lodh ac Oknrim imoo `i` sto torrt aut id Oknrimo imo, lut
ud`nr quit itn
n o `iccn
iccnrnrnddt dok
dokn. It Itoj
ojio
iodd Oknrimo rimodd O.V.E
.V.Eio iod
ddididii nst
stol
oljijisb
sbnn` tbtbis
is lodh
odh ad Amt mta
alnr ?5,
?960, id o rn rnda
dav vot
otn n` soja
sojaaad id ]od Cro rod
dmi
mism
smaa s Itoj
Itojio
iodd mak
makkudit ity
y ac Dart rtb
b Lnomb omb ud`nr tb tbn
n dokn
okn
 id Lod
odhh ac ItItoj
ojy
y, wit itbb ik
ikk kie
iero
rod dts od` cirscirst-
t-ti
tik
kn lod odh h mu
muststa
aknrs ma makkpri risi
sid
de tbtbn n kog oga
aririty
ty ac bis ci cirs
rstt
(>) mustak
taknrs. @uride ide itsits `nvnjap japkndt, Eiod ioddidi
idi s lodh surviv ivn n` koga garr mris
isnns id tbtbn n cark ac o dotu turroj
`is
isos
ostn
tnrr od
od` ` o kog oga ar nma
mad dakim
akim upbnov ovoj
oj tbot
tbot dat ojj ojj atb
tbnnr lododh hs wnrn oljnoljn ta avnrma rmakn.
Adn kog ogaar tntnst
st car
car Eio iodddid
idii s lod
odhh ammmmuurrn
rrn` ad Opri rijj ?2, ?963,wb ,wbn nd o kossiossiv vn norortb
tbqquoh
ohn n
st
stru
rumh
mh ]od Cro roddmi
mismsmaa, cajj
cajjaawn` ly o ro roe
eid
ide
e cirn
cirn tb
tbot
ot `nst stra
rayyn` kumb ac tb tbnn mi
mity
ty.. Eiod
ioddid idii altoid
toidn n` twtwaa
woe
oead
ads s od
od`` tntnok
oks s ac barsnrsns, cijj
cijjn
n` tbtbnn woe
oea ads witb itb tb
tbnn lododh h s rnsn
rnsnrvrvnns, kastj
astjy y id tbtbnn ca
cark
rk ac eaj` j`,,
 ?6 ma
mavvnrn
rn`` tb
tbnn rn
rnsn
snrvrvnns witbitb mr
mrot
otnns ac aro rod
dens, od od` ` nsmop
smopn n` cra
crak tb tbnn mb
mboa
oas s ac tb
tbn n mi
mity
ty wit itb
b bis mj mjin
inddts
cu
cudd`s pra ratn
tnmt
mtn n`. Id tb tbnn oc
octn
tnrk
rkototbb ac tbtbnn `isos
isostntnr,
r, Eiodioddididii s lodh
odh wos tb tbnn ci
cirs
rstt ta rn
rnsusukkn apnroti rotiaads.
^dololjn
jn ta ididst
stoj
ojjj tbn
tbn lododh h id o praprapnr accimccimnn sntt
snttid
idee, Eio iodddididii apndn` up sb sba ap ad tb tbnn Uosbosbid ide
eta
tadd
]trn
trnnt Ubor orcc ad o koh ohnnsbic
sbictt `nsh mr mrnnot
otn
n` crak
crak la laoror``s od`
od` lor orrn
rnjs
js..
Id tb
tbnn pnri ria
a` ca cajj
jja
awidide e tb
tbnn ?963cir3cirnn, tbn
tbn Lod odh h ac It
Itoj
ojy y ma
maddti
tid
dun` ta pra rasp
spn nr od`
od` nxpod` od`. Ly
 ?> ?9?2tbn
2tbnrn rn wnrn twn twndty-ty-cau
caur lro roddmb
mbn ns ac tb
tbn n Lododhh ac ItItoj
ojy
y, od`
od` ly ?9<2Eiod 2Eiodd did
idii bo` omquomquir irn
n`
duk
ukn nrau
raus atb tbnnr lolod dhs, idmj
idmju u`id
idee o Lod odhh ac Oknrimo rimo jajamo
motn
tn`` id Dnw YarhM rhMit ity
y.Id ?9=6 bn
ma
maddsa
sajiji`
`ot
otnn` ojojjj tbn
tbn lro roddmb
mbnns ac tbntbn Lod odhh ac Itoj
Itojyy, tb
tbn
n Lodhodh ac Oknri rimo
mo id Dnw YarhM rhMit ity
y,od
,od`` od
odatatbn
bnrr
Lod
odhh ac Oknri rimo
mo tbot
tbot bn bo` cark carkn n` id Moj ojic
ica
ardio
rdio ididta
ta tb
tbn
n Lod odhh ac Oknri rimo
mo Dot otia
iad
doj PruPrust od od``
]ovides
]ovid es Ossa
Ossamiotiad
miotiad..
 <6 O snma
snmad d` kogar ogar mrmris
isis
is car
car tbn
tbn lod odh
h ammmmu urrn
rrn` `uri rid
de tbtbn n Ernot
rnot @nprnssrnssiaiadd ac tb tbnn ?9=6s.O s.Ojtjtb
baueb
Eio
iod
ddid
didi bo` ojojrn
rno`
o`yy rn
rnti
tirn
rn`` pria
riar ta tbn
tbn `or
orhhnst `o`oyys ac tb
tbn
n @nprnss
rnssia
iad
d, bn lnmok
mokn ididmn
mnddsn`
sn` wbnd
bis su
summ
mmn
nssa
ssar lneod snjj
snjjid
idee acc lod
odh
hs `urid
ride tb
tbn
n lo` nmadmadakim ti tik
kns. Eio iod
ddid
idii rnsu
rnsuk
kn` jn jno`
o`n
nrs
rsbi
bip
p ac
tbn
tbn lod
odh
h ot tb
tbn
n oe
oenn ac six
sixty
ty--tw
twa
a. ^d`
d`nnr Eioiod
ddid
idii s jn
jno`
o`nnrs
rsb
bip
ip,, tb
tbn
n lodh
odh wnotb
otbnrn
rn`` tb
tbn
n st
star
ark
k ac tb
tbn
n
@npr
@n prns
nssia
siad
d od
od`` su
suls
lsnq
nqun
undt
dtjy
jy ka
kavn
vn`` idta
idta o pbos
pbosn n ac av
avnr
nrsn
snos
os `n
`nvn
vnja
japk
pkndndt.
t.

06. Ommar`ide ta tbn possoen, Eioddidi 0=. Pbn wwaar` roeide id jidn 2 m
maauj` lnst ln
rnpj
rnpjom
omn`
n` ly
(O) apndn` tbn tbn Lod
odhh ac Oknrim
rimo id ?960
(L
(L)) warhn` id o lodh id Itojy (O) odenrn`
(M) snt up tbntbn Lodh ac Oknrimoimo priar
iar ta (L
(L)) jamojizn`
sntt
ttid
ide
e up tbn
tbn Lodh ac Itojy
tojy (M
(M)) idtndsn
(@) jotn
jotnrr mboden` tbntbn dokn ac tbn
tbn Lodh ac (@))
(@ cnnljn
Itojy
00
00.. It mod ln id
idccnrrn` crak tb
tbn
n posso
ssoen tb
tbo
ot
0?.. Ubnrn `i` Eioddidi apnd bis cirst lodh1
0? Eioddidi usn` mrotns ac arodens octnr

(O) Id Dnw Yarh

arh Mi
Mityty tbn nortb
nortbquo
quohn
hn
(L) Id wbot usn` ta ln o lor (O) ta bi`
(O) i`n n tb
tbn
n eaj`
(M)
(M) Ad Uosbid
osbidet
etad
ad ]trn
]trnnt
nt Ubo
borc
rc (L
(L)) ta cij
ijjj up tb
tbn
n woeads
(@) Ad o kohn
hnsb
sbic
ictt `nsh (M
(M)) ta pra
rav vi`
i`nn dauri
risb
sbk
kndt ca
carr bis
mustaknrs
0<.. Omm
0< mmaar`id
r`ide
e ta tb
tbn
n posso
ossoeen, wbim
imb
b ac tbn
tbn (@)) ta pratnm
(@ tnmt tb
tbnn eaj` crak tbn cir
irn
n
cajj
cajja
awidide
e is DAP tru
trun ol
olaaut tb
tbnn ]od
Crodmisma
Crod misma nortb
nortbquoh
quohn1
n1 0>. Pbn war` mboas id jidn ?6 is mjasnst id
knod
odid
ide
e ta
(O) It bop
(O) opp
pndn` id ?963.
(L
(L)) It ammurrn` id tbn
tbn octnr
tnrkotb ac o cirn
irn. (O)
(O) jneoj sys
jneoj systnk
tnk
(M
(M)) It mous
mousn
n` pral
praljn
jnk
ks car
car Eio
iodd
ddid
idii s (L
(L)) nxtrn
nxtrnknkn bn
bnot
ot
lodh. (M)
(M) avnr`nvnjapkndt
(@) It wos o trn
trnknd`au
d`auss nortb
ortbqu
quoh
ohnn. (@))
(@ tatojj mad
tato madcus
cusiad
iad

- -n- --~ ~- Q Q ..... Q- .... - ....

PANCJ Vrn`imtiad Pnst ?0 Cnlruory <6<?

>=3 MAK VJNPN P

PNN ] P V op nr
 

03. Pbn war` ma mad

dsaji`otn` id jidn ?5 is 09. Ubnrn id tbn possoen `ans tbn outbar
mjasnst id knodide ta `nsm
`nsmri
ril
ln Eiodd
ioddid
idii s cirs
cirstt lod
lodhid
hide mj
mjin
ind
dts1
ts1

(O) bor`ndn` (O) Jidns <->

(L) knren` (L) Jidns 5-2
(M) kavn` (M) Jidns ?<-?=
(@) saj` (@) Jidns ?0-?3

05. Pbn possoen stotns tbot octnr bis >6. Pbn poroeropb cajjawide tbn possoen kast
rn
rnti
tirn
rnk
kndt,
ndt, Ei
Eiod
oddi
didi
di jihnjy
jihnjy `is
`ismu
mussn
ssns
s

(O) lneod snjjide acc lodhs (O) lodh coijurns `uride tbn Ernot
(L) mousn` nmadakim kiscartudn ta ammur @nprnssiad
(M) suppartn` tbn lodh s dnw (L) o tbir` kogar mrisis ac tbn Lodh ac
kodoenkndt Oknrimo
(@) rnturdn` ta warh (M) tbn idtnrdotiadoj `nvnjapkndt ac tbn
Lodh
odh ac Ok
Oknr
nrim
imo
o
02. Pbn nxprnssiad wnotbnrn` tbn stark ac id (@) baw Eioddidi spndt bis rntirnkndt
jidn <= mauj` lnst ln rnpjomn` ly

(O) caud` o murn car

(L) roidn` ad tbn poro`n ac
(M) survivn` tbn ar`noj ac
(@) ljnw its stomh ot

Pbis is tbn nd` ac ]nmtiad =

Ic yau cidisb id jnss tbod >> kidutns

mbnmh yaur warh ad ]nmtiad = adjy
@a DAP rno` ar warh ad ody atbnr snmtiad ac tbn tnst

PANCJ Vrn`imtiad Pnst ?0 Cnlruory <6<?

MAKVJN
MAKVJNPN
PN PN]
PN]P
P Vop
Vopnr
nr >=5