Annie Lou N.

Abraham

BSN 1A

1. Differentiate External Respiration from Internal Respiration (5 points)

External respiration- is the exchange of gases with the outside world that takes place in
the lungs' alveoli.

Internal respiration- is the diffusion of oxygen from the bloodstream into the interstitial
fluid and into the cells.

2. Trace the pathway of oxygen throughout the body structures from the atmosphere into
the cell. (2.5 points)
When you breathe in the oxygen flow through the nostrils, enters the nasal cavity,
goes to the pharynx, larynx , trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, then enters alveolar duct
where the last destination that the oxygen goes, lastly it diffused into the blood stream.

3. Trace the pathway of carbon dioxide throughout the body structures from the cell out
into the atmosphere. (2.5 points)
The pathway of the carbon dioxide is the reverse of the oxygen. From the
bloodstream it will be diffused in the alveoli duct, pass through the alveoli, bronchioles,
bronchi, trachea, larynx, pharynx, nasal cavity, nostrils then exhaled into the world.

4. (5 points) Discuss surfactant as to the following:

     a. what produces it
It is produce and secreted by the type II pneumocytes.

 b. what is its function or importance

The surfactant decreases the tension within the alveoli to keep them open and can
also help the cells to regenerate.

 c. what happens when its production is low or absent

If the production is low it will affect the tension inside the alveoli that will let the
alveoli collapse or die. The tissue surrounding the air sacs in the lungs sticks together after
exhalation.

5. (5 points) What is the effect of chronic smoking to a person's respiratory system?

Cigarettes contain a variety of substances, which is why they can cause a variety of
illnesses. It produces inflammation in the lungs, which narrows the airways and makes breathing
more difficult. It kills the alveoli, which is where gases exchange, resulting in a lack of oxygen in
the body. The nerve endings in the nose are also damaged by smoking, resulting in a loss of
smell. It harms the cilia, which are responsible for removing mucus and keeping our airways
clean. It causes our lips and gums' melanin to darken, resulting in uneven pigmentation. Smoking
causes a variety of diseases, including emphysema, bronchitis, cancer, gangrene, stroke, and the
worse scenario is death.