SUMMARY

INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................................2

I. DEFINITION.....................................................................................................................3

II. THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF SPORT......................................................................3

1. Individual sport..............................................................................................................3

2. A collective sport............................................................................................................3

III. THE BENEFITS OF SPORT.......................................................................................4

IV. THE CLASSIFICATION OF SPORTS......................................................................4

V. IMPORTANCE OF SPORT.........................................................................................5

VI........NEGATIVE IMPACT OF SPORT………………………………………………….6

CONCLUSION………………………………………………………………………………..7
 INTRODUCTION

Sport plays an important role in development : sport is not only a goal in itself, it is also a tool
that helps improve the lives of families and entire communities. Sport can thus be considered
a “school of life” and an effective tool for achieving various goals in the areas of health,
education, gender equality, child protection and development. In our societies, physical and
sporting activities concern all citizens. Sports news is omnipresent. The sporting event goes
so far as to be a major world event. Today, three dimensions of sport stand out : competitive
practice, playful practice and preventive practice to maintain body and health. But the
development of sport is not without danger and drift. Violence, doping and political
propaganda are at the top of the list.
 I. DEFINITION

The word “sport” is an English word, itself derived from the ancient French word “desport” :
Entertainment, physical pleasure or mind. The sport is universal, it has been practiced in all
eras around the world in very different forms. Sport is a set of physical activities in the form
of individual or group games, usually involving competitions practiced by observing certain
specific rules” (Larousse).

Physical activity to improve fitness.

All physical exercises in the form of individual or group games, usually giving rise to
competition, practiced by observing certain specific rules.

II. THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF SPORT

1. Individual sport

Individual sport is a form of physical activity that takes place alone, without the help or
participation of others. It can take many forms and includes sports such as tennis, swimming,
skating and running. In general, it involves some degree of personal competition where the
goal is to achieve personal goals or improve one’s performance.

This does not necessarily mean that the athlete does not belong to a team : for example tennis
is an individual sport when players play singles but as part of the Davis Cup or Fed Cup for
women, it is a nation that wins the competition by adding results in singles. The double in
tennis is on the other hand a discipline qualified as collective.

2. A collective sport

A collective sport is a sport that pits teams against each other, as opposed to an individual
sport. Be careful not to confuse team sports with team sports because some individual sports
(especially cycling) are often team sports but not team sports. By definition, a collective sport
does not award individual titles, but only collective titles. Rare exceptions to this rule, with
rowing, which is an individual sport in skiff and which is a collective sport (and not just a
"team sport") for other series, or Bowls.
Ball sports are collective sports games. Exception, rhythmic gymnastics, one of which is a
ball and the many traditional games are organized between two targets.

III. THE BENEFITS OF SPORT

The benefits of sport

The health benefits of physical activity are recognized. The practice of regular physical and
sports activity helps to improve the general state of fitness at all ages.

 The health benefits

Physical activity is strongly recommended to prevent chronic diseases and contribute to the
treatment of a very large number of long-term conditions such as cancer, diabetes or obesity
but also neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases.

 The pleasure of sport

When practicing sports, the body secretes hormones such as endorphin, dopamine or
adrenaline that reduce stress, improve sleep quality, decrease pain and act as an
antidepressant, It is therefore above all a source of pleasure.

 The social bond

Sport is a tremendous creator of social cement, passion and citizenship. For the youngest,
sports associations are a privileged place to meet new people, grow and flourish, with respect
for others. And it allows to gain confidence and autonomy.

IV. THE CLASSIFICATION OF SPORTS

We often talk about sports. This is probably wrong because if there are characteristics
common to all sports, it must be recognized that the differences are great between football,
parachute, judo and athletics. To put this diversity in order, we can group sports activities by
categories, that is to say make a classification. This classification is based on several criteria.
We can imagine a category of Olympic or non-Olympic sports, Paralympic sports, or even
national sports.
Olympic sports

The current Olympic program includes 35 sports and nearly 400 events. However, we must
not forget the past Olympic sports (rugby, polo, golf, etc.), which were on the Olympic
programme in the past, and the sports recognized by the International Olympic Committee
(IOC). The International Sports Federations (IFS) that administer these sports undertake to
have statutes, practices and activities in accordance with the Olympic Charter.

Olympic sports are divided according to the season in which they are played, that is, summer
and winter sports. There are 28 summer sports with 35 disciplines and 302 events, and 7
winter sports with 15 disciplines (84 events).

 Summer Olympic Sports :

Track and field (running, jumping, throwing, road and combined events); rowing; badminton;
baseball; basketball; boxing; canoeing in calm waters; whitewater canoeing: slalom); cycling
(track cycling, road cycling, BMX cycling, all-terrain cycling); horseback riding (eventing,
dressage, jumping)fencing; football; gymnastics (artistic gymnastics, rhythmic gymnastics,
trampoline); weightlifting; handball; hockey; judo; wrestling (Greco-Roman wrestling, free
wrestling); swimming (swimming, synchronized swimming, diving, water-polo); modern
pentathlon; softball; taekwondo; tennis; table tennis;shooting (rifle, pistol, moving
target);archery; triathlon; sailing; volleyball (volleyball, beach volleyball)

 Olympic winter sports :

Biathlon ; bobsleigh (bobsleigh, skeleton) ; curling ; ice hockey ; sledge ; skating (figure
skating, speed skating, short track speed skating) ; skiing (alpine skiing, cross-country skiing,
ski jumping, Nordic combined, freestyle skiing, snowboarding

V. IMPORTANCE OF SPORT

Regular sport or physical activity has a beneficial effect on social life and health. Not only
does it have a direct impact on physical ability, it also helps children and youth make healthy
choices, stay active and fight non-communicable diseases. A number of studies conducted by
the World Health Organization (WHO) have also noted that physical exercise can have a
positive effect on mental health and cognitive function. It improves self-esteem and self-
confidence and reduces depression and anxiety.

Sport contributes to well-being, regardless of age, gender, ethnicity. It is appreciated by all

and its scope has no equivalent. For example, the World Taekwondo Federation created the
Taekwondo Humanitarian Foundation to promote martial arts in refugee camps around the
world. These initiatives raise public awareness of the situation of refugee youth and are in
perfect harmony with the Sustainable Development Goals, in particular regarding health
(Objective 3 : To enable everyone to live in good health and to promote the well-being of all
at all ages).

Physical activity has a significant positive impact on children and youth. Physical activity and sport
are necessary elements of a comprehensive and quality education associated with a school program
(Objective 4 : To ensure equal quality education for all and to promote opportunities for lifelong
learning). Sport provides lifelong learning and alternative education for out-of-school children. By
participating in a sport or physical activity in parallel with their studies, students learn essential
skills such as teamwork, fair play, respect for rules and others, cooperation, discipline and
tolerance. These skills are essential to their future participation in group activities and working life
and can stimulate social cohesion with communities and societies. Given the contributions that
sport makes to personal and social development, improving access to and practice of sport is a key
development objectiv

VI. NEGATIVE IMPACT OF SPORT

According to the researchers, too much exercise could lead not only to fatigue, sleep
disorders, muscle pain, but also to a decrease in our brain capacity, and impulsivity. And,
perhaps, burn-out development. Beyond a certain limit, exercise can have adverse effects and
lead to musculoskeletal injuries and cardiovascular stress, which outweigh the benefits.
Regular exercise can even increase the risk of sudden death

Sport is unanimously recognized for contributing to overall good health. But too much sport can
also have perverse effects, including insulin resistance similar to that induced by diabetes.

Excessive sport : health risks

After a recovery phase, fortunately, the subjects were able to partially restore their original
functioning, but not completely, the glucose tolerance remaining 25% lower after recovery than
after the week of moderate exercises. To add insult to injury: could intensive sport promote
diabetes? Not impossible, because it has already been shown that excessive sport can have
deleterious effects. Other studies have shown that intense exercise is associated with negative
effects on heart health, including increased calcification of the coronary artery, myocardial fibrosis
and arrhythmia,” the authors note. In addition, excessive sport increases the risk of injury and leads
to a form of dependence (bigorexia).

CONCLUSION

Based on the observations made earlier, it can be concluded that sport is essential to human
well-being and health. Sport allows our metabolism to function better because the heart is
more efficient and provides more oxygen, blood and nutrients to muscles and organs. We
have more confidence and sleep better. In addition, sport helps to fight against diseases Sport
therefore makes it possible to have an organism that works better, faster and longer.