Nov.

10, 2022

Nurin & Tisha

CHAPTER 9:NUTRITION
AND THE HUMAN
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
9.2:Digestion
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 TYPES OF
DIGESTION
Physical Digestion
Chemical Digestion
 physical
digestion chemical digestion

the decomposition process of

mechanical breakdown of food
complex molecules into simple
to form small particles.
molecules

involves chewing and

involves enzymes reaction
peristalsis
 THE DIGESTIVE PROCESS
DIGESTION OF BEGINS IN THE MOUTH.

CARBOHYDRATES IN

PRESENCE OF FOOD IN THE

THE MOUTH MOUTH STIMULATES THE
SERETION OF SALIVA FROM
THE SALIVARY GLANDS.

SALIVA CONTAINS SALIVARY

AMYLASE THAT HYDROLYSES
STARCH TO MALTOSE.

THE PH OF SALIVA IS
BETWEEN 6.5-7.5,WHICH IS
SUITABLE FOR SALIVARY
AMYLASE TO ACT AT ITS
OPTIMUM.
DIGESTION OF SALIVARY AMYLASE

CARBOHYDRATES IN starch + water maltose

THE MOUTH -saliva helps food form bolus to make it

easier to swallow
-when swallowing,the epiglottis will close
the trachea opening to prevent food
from entering the trachea
-in the oesophagus,the food bolus is
moved by peristalsis

Peristalsis is the ryhthmic contraction and

relaxation of muscles along the alimentary canal.

Peristalsis pushes the bolus through the

oesophagus until it enters the stomach

DIGESTION OF
PROTEIN IN
THE STOMACH

MUCOUS CELL PARIETAL CELL

CHIEF CELL

Produces mucus to Secretes hydrochloric Secretes pepsinogen

protect the stomach acid to destroy which is later
wall from being bacteria and provides converted into pepsin
eroded due to the an acid medium for in the presence of
action of pepsin to function hydrochloric acid to
hydrochloric acid optimally digest protein into the
polypeptide
 DIGESTION OF
IMPORTANCE OF PROTEIN IN
HYDROCHLORIC
ACID IN STOMACH the content of the THE STOMACH
~ gives an acidic stomach becomes a
condition (pH semi fluid called
1.5 - 2.0) for chyme.
action of pepsin
relaxation of the
~ stops the
pyloric sphincher
activity of
allows the chyme
salivary amylase
to enter the
~ kill bacteria duodenum slowly
preset in food
 Liver:
Gallbladder:
Produces bile which is stored in the
Secretes bile which is channeled to
gallbladder.
Bile flows into the duodenum through the duodenum by a bile duct.
the bile duct.

Pancreas:
Functions of bile: Secretes pancreatic amylase,
neutralise acidic chyme. trypsin, and lipase which is
prepare an alkali condition (pH 7.6- channeled to the duodenum by a
8.6) for enzyme action in duodenum. pancreatic duct.
emulsify lipids by breaking down

lipids into tiny droplets to increase

surface area for lipase activity.