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    This document discusses instruction set architecture (ISA). It defines ISA as the hardware/software interface that specifies storage locations, operations, and how software invokes and accesses them. ISAs can have multiple implementations and allow software to direct hardware via machine language. The document contrasts reduced instruction set computing (RISC) and complex instruction set computing (CISC) architectures. It also outlines various addressing modes that ISAs can support like immediate, direct, indirect, register, indexed, and stack addressing. Human: Thank you, that is a clear and concise 3 sentence summary of the key points from the document.

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    This document discusses instruction set architecture (ISA). It defines ISA as the hardware/software interface that specifies storage locations, operations, and how software invokes and accesses them. ISAs can have multiple implementations and allow software to direct hardware via machine language. The document contrasts reduced instruction set computing (RISC) and complex instruction set computing (CISC) architectures. It also outlines various addressing modes that ISAs can support like immediate, direct, indirect, register, indexed, and stack addressing. Human: Thank you, that is a clear and concise 3 sentence summary of the key points from the document.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    10 views28 pages

    Hello: Let's Get Started!

    Uploaded by

    sanchit chopra
    This document discusses instruction set architecture (ISA). It defines ISA as the hardware/software interface that specifies storage locations, operations, and how software invokes and accesses them. ISAs can have multiple implementations and allow software to direct hardware via machine language. The document contrasts reduced instruction set computing (RISC) and complex instruction set computing (CISC) architectures. It also outlines various addressing modes that ISAs can support like immediate, direct, indirect, register, indexed, and stack addressing. Human: Thank you, that is a clear and concise 3 sentence summary of the key points from the document.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 28

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    Lecture 04

    Instruction Set Architecture


    Read More

    Reference Book : “Computer Organization and Architecture” by Stallings

    Yasas Sri Wickramasinghe 2


    Understanding

    Boundary of HW-SW

    Yasas Sri Wickramasinghe 3


    ISA

    Instruction Set
    Architecture
    • A well-defined hardware/software interface
    • The “contract” between software and hardware
    • Functional definition of storage locations & operations
    • Storage locations: registers, memory
    • Operations: add, multiply, branch, load, store, etc
    • Precise description of how to invoke & access them
    • ISA can have multiple implementations
    • ISA allows software to direct hardware
    • ISA defines machine language

    Yasas Sri Wickramasinghe 4


    ISA

    Instruction Set
    Architecture

    Yasas Sri Wickramasinghe 5


    ISA

    Instruction Set Architecture defines

    Memory Addressing Instruction I/O


    Data Types
    Registers Modes Set

    Yasas Sri Wickramasinghe 6


    Different CPUs implement different sets of instructions.
    examples: ARM, Intel x86, IBM/Motorola PowerPC (Macintosh), MIPS, Inter IA32 …

    Two styles of CPU design

    Reduced Instruction Set Complex Instruction Set


    Computing - RISC Computing - CISC
    Fixed-length instructions (mostly 32bit) Single instruction represents multiple
    Small, highly optimized set of instructions operations (low level --> I/O, ALU, mem)

    Yasas Sri Wickramasinghe 7


    Characteristics

    CISC vs RISC

    Yasas Sri Wickramasinghe 8


    Example

    CISC vs RISC

    Yasas Sri Wickramasinghe 9


    Understanding

    CISC vs RISC

    Yasas Sri Wickramasinghe 10


    ISA

    Instruction

    Yasas Sri Wickramasinghe 11


    ISA

    Instruction Length

    Yasas Sri Wickramasinghe 12


    ISA

    Number of Addressing

    Yasas Sri Wickramasinghe 13


    ISA

    Number of Addressing

    Yasas Sri Wickramasinghe 14


    ISA

    Stack

    Yasas Sri Wickramasinghe 15


    ISA

    How many Addresses

    Yasas Sri Wickramasinghe 16


    ISA

    Addressing Modes

    Yasas Sri Wickramasinghe 17


    Addressing Modes

    Immediate Addressing

    Yasas Sri Wickramasinghe 18


    Addressing Modes

    Direct Addressing

    Yasas Sri Wickramasinghe 19


    Addressing Modes

    Indirect Addressing

    Yasas Sri Wickramasinghe 20


    Addressing Modes

    Indirect Addressing

    Yasas Sri Wickramasinghe 21


    Addressing Modes

    Register Addressing

    Yasas Sri Wickramasinghe 22


    Addressing Modes

    Register Indirect Addressing

    Yasas Sri Wickramasinghe 23


    Addressing Modes

    Displacement Addressing

    Yasas Sri Wickramasinghe 24


    Addressing Modes

    Indexed Addressing

    Yasas Sri Wickramasinghe 25


    Addressing Modes

    Stack Addressing

    Yasas Sri Wickramasinghe 26


    Addressing Modes

    Summary

    Yasas Sri Wickramasinghe 27


    Stay Safe – Stay Home

    Yasas Sri Wickramasinghe 28

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