world Clinical applications and research advancesContents physicsworld — Focus on: Medical imaging Welcome to this special focus issue of Physics World, brought to you in partnership with our sister publication ‘medicalphysicsweb.org. In this supplement we take a look at some of the key technologies and new developments across the wide range of medical-imaging disciplines. For starters, there is a report on a new project that is usirg state-of the art magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technologies 10 ‘map brain connections in babies before and just after birth. We also bring you details of how an emerging imaging, technology based on laser scanning, known as optical coherence tomography, is giving dermatologists a new and powerful way to “see beneath the surface”. Other highlights Include a review of four research teams’ work in using MRT to guide radiation treatments, plus a look at 1ow molecular maging studies of small animals could impact on many areas of medicine. Please share your thoughts on any of the topics covered in this issue by e-mailing us at pwle@iop org Tani Frooman,CortibutingEltor nanlaegmeae tna Research and industry news 3 \TiPhone app « Nor cntatvasound « Bloodow ostarng ‘Misuazngte rn «Raman masons nds bee Features What goo om in babs brane? aeoeae 7 “The Devoping Hunan Conectre Poets using the tes magne esonace a Imagngtecniquesto map tan comections nbabes, pots ion Cato osnennpiroseye | Nuelear-modinetohniques address smal-animalnaging 10 Se Feo edna, Pete Valser and Mares Gooden dss dances in Pantani Neoefomance needa naar tena (ct tines up for dermatalogy Fc ‘ones esrb the atures bgt fr opel cabeenetameesophy Indematooey ava i MR enhance alton wetment medical web Jude Dineley talks to four research teams working to develop vext-generation inde se ped by mage eras nage 7 1OP Publishing Nenacnieecietaceannbwrsiege( see yaaa Se eagamaasena ems moa fonsns moses a apeResearch news iPhone app estimates scan risks een rare ereey ! abst eran one cements ae et dt epee eer cares tain nee ines iterated Semuess eaten wisi acing anor Seiareaaesenee ae ie ts {for an estimate of the dose froma Yale baw pe ‘on ato he use of Monte Cara Sprite fr Snel ivan ‘td that Moe Calo sioltione Fed ‘iemade me tink tat maybe Somme tom ‘ouldpstconbinel omy lor eectae op Clgettiareanaltorthepub Sorts ‘oat hea toe "TheCT ath appatersla- Scare met The wer inputs the patie overage eight and eum Ultrasound imaging: no need to touch {Convention uktasoun imap Sagroiesom god contact tes Seite {ieulanund Bet encunee Intempo mth Inn oi prt am Sarin indigo of open ‘uns nd rng gery ere Sow researchers apa ave costed no conte Sn imaging wre the ans. (heer emu eth aby ‘jt dinate, {arte rextst dea boca ey ‘hit andend tr he {tei tb Uae of Eilortnrenmsateer ny Ey Then-conit icq cal se mresterocusig pena ot undinannwenioal ameter Foneuarte ofthat posable at nena msi compenater rhe Ewsstaoe of hte sco oo eT tee Micro focran sana xm eestakios — SnosStomsprat te insure tocnaimgest‘Thespo peas apoio of Steamer tht she seme ee dgmadtey —thesurace a obecscanbe wed Innere oper irastonomogany fone "PTemthodetehe ce SSreantetaun ase! ances wings ‘Btcetlctvemomisotsoresand ‘ees prthereta ‘Germ "Caren medi prover ‘St cnfora tothe body ory Timings they eum iced "Fhe chm simvlated ond com Fence at the sited ste, pls the tinder ite inv temined ostiomte he re itp san tesco ‘one gen sea te te a Forte cons ang forthe ches tnd ved bene marrow fr som tascam, Deng at his be ‘npane He suo hopes evlop ‘Xtdroided Windows bed =p patente swell ax cnc We pete pone the ptet witha be ermaio hat tey mat inybewenbeorethey seth doe toe" Dengeypins“Thismay pe {he cites second thought on baw o poi the mos appropr I loweeone meg proeedare ‘osapsiepin Patent Ais sty th aac soutd ae Fescacens etd I acs pr: ine ang 0 nee “htop epee) Sime comets stl thw co andthe ache fnlinthseorkwasopce pot ‘Gorn truce ‘ttt icra rata mitopbooe rer poe meant ig Ingo hn demonstrated th {Senn Cade sph nimi feos ‘Sieapmpetna boc ‘eso anyone nd ‘tetanic oe "lems ta he pol coal idelopneat snc ‘aitetg the rent nn ineeshntoeoetbonrtew ea ‘going we nthe ces Stig ne recer ense ‘Coote aden inner tn ser soaResearch news Opt nage (censors ee occ to Se ri tins sou oa cere: Sateen Sasemnwntataea caigpeinaies meat saree Scie roemeat ‘ingens Fi eats te ih comet ei Shea si ‘soe ae een et Svat agencies et Drone A ant clear etcne Low-cost system monitors blood flow microm photo dem Inept otutons,andstow spate ine ge ern ‘Erber prvieedionmston orleans Fepialagthellw af teseaterers™stewnee UScttstasinesetptoinige encom ‘oan sieriomineroe ta Heimeetnlimelcurcts ove fs neh ett the bohced ‘prem era webeem, capes ‘plein onder pee "Todunonarte that i ist camera cout wed for SCs the ‘that nal itn nage ‘pws $2000hgh putamen £555 webcam. The same traditional fpcrand amin compencats ‘eretnployedor at Imago Imaging agent visualizes tau tangles that ae plc inthe bri dng ‘hedereopmeat and progreston ‘Nnhemets date told prove ‘tren, montoring eats “noesing prevented eran Rilo Senco pan bas Seether cues tart sivngpaticn In pane Albin i= fnd’become tangled wie rage inet of acter prota, ayn ‘ea seaman pea 4 lager angles ae oot oly a import SGetieres ketene Imogen onan ofother sewers dacs onions het do mot sere amo tn Som we PB_ gies ve been developed mgsbespins thspesiofonyo tapers conta ec cao iframeswere similar forthe CCD. nthe wea god Fem mape During tmoging owas Inatibed eis and the eames {tated yomichans ow Sle es eee ‘etion here the relate om mas alow 3% o the Haein vale, bri onthe basins speckle ‘rete forthe wo cameras were ‘venga ndstng co farsbleyeformmice daring fo cha en od iw ‘Siena nere ren nen the phoned ih ecomae tutors Ste tat he redton in {nttmaion co sald mae ‘idopiion for both Taboratory ‘Stn te pion Tien asa glee ‘ost onthcn es monica "The escttchers ave now deve: ope tree compounded eth binge acstosand abet-plague acer “PET images or iau aeration are Mphly ‘Seem ones member sate Higuera it eric tinicance bec at ‘ction at Brown be more iat ‘vey soc without ‘Ranson aqueaman micosopy Raman imaging detects brain cancer IMrours[Scence Tn. Med. 3 sas okie Erica Sree eet seheaicieeneeraae eke te Sees me casatn a Senet sent Species nthe mance of method knownastimulted Ratan Seibert nesepen omnia ‘tects males ote ot ermpoand we enh at aby tomo els ~nftrating imo Soaks Somes Sonancnags Research news dustry briefs aR witb sa Selatan ‘et dpiines pesto pute Cita hoane “ese Suenos Hate ahs Meoutietaebcnee ‘Sno oncom enone bata tne fim ir Somessa cope 0 teqimeosbce es etry ebay setts tone Seer Hiseamacengmess tore ia steer The endot top andy» io ‘gaeyafiecomaney eeu Fetes nase eget Slierastom kg Sr. Fataannangsbastacans ‘sguenot fess oh impo mea pee Fon aanctron ic ‘nding Sean rannganovcre ‘etmitermmaearaterone aia teeta Seutehgtao teat 9c Son Acmuasmemgwor sss ‘aca esa btcenaeain oreo, moe ronan Series ipenecene igeaperes ‘tne cetfoumrbatpe “Tht ote sone \elloancteses toh ‘eer els gets ‘ecunat onstage ese ‘tonto ‘cktonmngee ‘emipdt ett oth Pi {ebeacierbe casWhat goes on in babies’ brains? How do you map the brain ofa very smal very active perso? Just ask those scientists workingon the DevelopingNeuroscience IMeproet heaps iatottfens willbe overcome depends onthe ype of fe had MR sensi las wih “dct tumour hve erent pratt ENC “An Rt chine ileaie ou tanetitupinat ot iret way ae [ehrensisdevelopngone ofthese other Tusimprtns tun tautinGowecane stands waits techniques Koowsat function! MD Folks on theft that emogiobin =the Intestine ile run uch athe rita cre end neas aay ofthe ies fede found nod ha iter anor) tan he nmr ntbeegMh. ferment We condo ‘ther saxgented or desygenatcd. runberunfouerfalieronnerveretoll_pltclycocompossing medical ever fr ‘inde lake etry second ran forming ne wolfe runing erienthe ne meine Siecintiesinarpalhennenes ckitaceapnc tees, Metts Thisisusefl because he rans capt-allemedtoawith-or Wifse”-hetmeen_probies of or signa ore nor babes ‘aisles theo andthe pet laes Hvingnor serene tioning wo lest {he brain becomes ative = for example i_will un slower and so wil ot be able t_ with recent deelopments in MRI perfor the pater istnstomacc thn he pea ake the ere diane ac othe start mune Tose imaes ped ‘ones part ite Butte lieiathesame tine Inet nih allot suet hs enn weringon ay se tie cdwih erumen goiter Suche iovhh mag ‘turpinutedblondtodeanygente blood those pois bowever ie porsble work. Smal pneu take ese and bonce inihereaty capitis. By eecine is cutinwbch lance runsretaed, releasably ae imps seniatmonintwicte Theme chin Mth ey med seed compete Likistoatna women, pn ettscetpan fee) On coi CP beacthe athe same time "Neato ttn; as thy dite anywhere sitet (HCP) Le yreseches Woshingios fal etry andblood fw areinimnely wilt pombietoweom where ey. Unherayin Stan US nw ger inte eben, {ined Difuann ean portant gan fom he er Migs Mi face to sin ‘tutte memranee nue males UR ths projet comprehen nay Teche MRI tne hngnan ie “hing Rehnaa ip 0 bay pst the ner pe nde the perigee he whit ite th another waar ‘ales over smal region in ther words, Part ofthe way that these Three MRI -dHHCPany began in September this eur. iinalvesinpodagumagnecprad technique = sotomicl imaging func Caren ts eonsar lene sere tbespinningaiferent speed depending. betailrestounbornandnewlybarmbabas ae beng deveoped a ested The Re onan hrc ‘wathsthforwurdprctcalmodier sage the seem l ela oke dts ing sys Behrens sasancigh-nespent, opingiuchomalerradiosecchecllthat_tacone afr Itonth wo yn The ‘ret ste Tae nies that tl tbe eame ced cle onmaltabe- hens. Sse ate ced aout Wha ty Wil Fartipenshow torus Actrtaintine tou drat Tyo bewsang fn but kno ey ne org Mrihepataltiedherenser(prma) an it wie nln conte “Weve tls stone montNuclear-medicine techniques address small-animal imaging High-performance molecularimaging systems designed for small animals could impact ona wide range of medical applications as Freek Beekman, Pieter Vaissier and Marfles Gorden discuss buckinthegoedolddaye Buti 090 gt gnc ns {boa naan pro he wood any {em tt provide cre social imagen ea eer inthe ldo omogtaphy for imaging small ving animals with ‘Siem Hgh resaton hve become ferpputed tomogeapy (C1) and mas tc roxnance aging (MI) moles inrimagingofalving ata ct provide main-belt ove create we fr xa wth oder ‘oomnpranns Pan wage patos “miso computed tongs (SPECT. PET igen tbe sou acer SS Ui Ae ‘tte or cll for exams toe oy ‘torxoporinparteart rca acl imaging con vere the tts ‘Shams mle spre icra ge ae ‘renter he baih Where doe cs ict Antero og ee Fea ee braces ay entenes smiteOCT lines up for dermatology Jon Holmes, chief executive officer and co-founder of Michelson Diagnostics, takes a look at how optical coherence ‘tomography is startingto play an important role in dermatology maging i central to media diagno Ibo ahem ig thehamuncye seas Inte an acute agnosis the clon, aig hap aaron spyaent aco sach the patent age, hice ete esorune imaging (MIR cae’ ‘oe, Often these imagesareeriteal foram ‘cue egos and eco oto ‘heyrovslimporant deta ow there atbeboo,sahasthepeseas ‘Dermot he stay opts of thes snocuepi, Avot ch Sista en eden ‘ttbcbonte are tc tomes al ogy ‘eed clos potopansrsin etn, She pn pup mes of ata ‘gy shes om in bop: Dermat Teo esuling om in dass, "Seti rol omg Fenliresea detalvefavbsurtce shine Ss opilmierneopes cannot see dep ‘Sug Asarent dsmtnogshve no Srumteescacete ee tags byw sake bop) = ioc chores pe oan ea Untoraated hi entplesnt o the eon Dp eH pes san 9 aE Amen, "ows an cern iin ecology ie dermatlogit e and powertl (O'iccteneate wre (OCT isnt eniiyne it weginaly inset ad developed mes © Fa toto and co-workers at Maswchusts ta Techy 1 (Late Ie 149) andtaesnceben cet "pptiods imaging teers he eat ‘Scedoptialmolgy tee eth ‘Snasot OCT retin scanerin ne a, ‘Meeting ye ‘eappivOC nated appeain ‘GET cto potentially base whesenr Gnae tentials ttotanopea pakecanreschorcumple ‘nerf he animal tnd r Aheringtothe inner walsh vss, oneied and ingoche by enerpes Pst, engneers and enepreeur, Siemon ge don CE Imaging apncaions One prime xtc Inthe tonpany Nichsion Digs ‘cape aod he ght fn ‘ping OCT rhe elt dermal 2 tis ie penamenon oe fomthinnighysaeing tuted, intersomeler avec tage ety the Nobel prizewinning pi Aled Michshon i 18 for fe tvestations Elin to dere sho) ‘emer sina a {nd Miheon Digests was ed ‘Coal tie OCT ei hn Splint bye eam with oe Fort dete tnaeds erence mito ined nd fcohcrenseirinained ond thar ons tse prodicesterornce ingest the herent rom het Resccarteh mesure, ea yo hare ay ‘hice and us wil not produce ttre ‘tip stereos ute the ‘eee aetna ets bOptical imaging kai tw laa Pradung bere By detetingony erent photon inthe ietrevomster ‘heumvantd malty entered pons ‘lowingetastobecen sino hese seeface tite OCT sensing ston ‘hi the tise i seaned tray by therefeene minor ot pa di ‘ened enon oe Aopen ‘Thechnrcersis of OCT mak de ‘of imaging technologies. thas greater ‘esto fan easoud or out at ‘tsrfand, OCThasloereaaton han “pia miroseopy, can ee". ocr rt {oveommercantrument br ana saldropct exponential with eh soOCTimgeae conventionally awe ‘Sing pey sede band on te tga ‘IOCT seta rents hats amor SEaeingnedto appara the ae ‘Sa nee nthe nen igh power praicecaly so improve the Uing ep Fora paca arp, ‘hatin tbe imagine Seth now Os Inga tisestoncn fond, Terheimpresivmapngrsion ae ‘Metron OCT compared deeply Property ofthe numerical peta ofthe Ire ye popes iptv ndimerereter soghesthe ee ‘rau hh esti eh {oretaltineallyimportan dts he {hay athough nor nda es Fo ‘mptrion the eslvonc ssa ‘pati ohm va aut sows an OCT imagcata kin 4 SI ‘ween ‘Sin appendage sch ato wesc a bt ata ineance ate Stehchuruteriis mate OCT oft vtatesucesfulyadpeedby class, itpoerthostsayng ath stato ‘Mlrand above lant be cny tue ny OCT seme tat mre declped Forskiesmaglgapeatos wer neat ‘Sori oro ins buy dematgy cine (atypical derma seer new patient Soy nay “a improve this uation, Michelson Dingnoncs has developed’ s commer. {omanulate ad which provides heh interfectnyinadirgn ata dferent depth 1 rode a iended ‘compared wth that achieved using singe athe UK National Phys! Laboratory i Emremtomingershrtgeralted ‘Spur nose fan up| ‘ra nb (me seas) pe the emai deta hat sm be ici Viti OCT amar pitwinan ayo pte ‘Evmcogty boar nw pag many presting dl shales ecntemenoe, Eace conan Inca 3011, FDA cearance for medial ieee ne ‘rah hosiphandby nabs han Bioeuivmacnats“and shoul thereore be dagnosed axe ‘Show fet ettkncn te ‘tthatlent3Smilionvewcasesof NSC NMSCiin fo take biopey and sed the Simm slonr border arond the hy Spe eon nan ntempt to csure THES emoved) ening he atin ‘enttbrewe nose ave ing anijanuhonearecanccrousandtany (CT and Panoramic imaging Sigh an 01S Optical imaging Douthat eptononims, theses ae ming inthe erate ‘Rings emflorswiehcilsecnome ‘sccowfalytsedandisetppensGor_ le tiagros ofa fens aoe tl OCTeanabobe sed tonmpthe lateral skinparshes Hering dese nd per: narpnolatumesrpantosuge0 tit hapereanlines OCT cal petal Inga otingeancer growth tht wold an fhe since. The tare ‘Ghurerwouelopenioeto remove Cl figlr OCTinupingt damatg. Sietaninoteiniecincons ule isnt tctonaretwceen Hamamatsu offers a wide range of component and modular solutions for applications including radiology, dental X-Ray, CT and molecular imaging Molecular / PET/ Cr TORPET "Galeton cuning cay Yai ged OE 8 {ton ego tin sieht ighoue 10Guided therapy MRI enhances radiation treatment Research groups worldwide are working create next generation adiation therapy systems that exploit magnetic resonance imaging to dramatically improve treatment accuracy, as Juco Dineley reports high ney Scr tomours re dynam Shrink grown the course ate Tigngplysaundameatl linc rsencenene ters ure ‘eakradofremeney(RP)agmasemited thersabigcachInfulborsworse MEL. fe double back an ye-entr he see siete iat pater nape ween Sound or proton therapy) target and introducing unwanted beam "The groups of Lagendjk and FalloneGuided therapy iain Ad Somer ie the na wth ace gnc Tina-based system i schoduled to com. [etecstrectontn ty 014 Ley Pk esi drestor af the Radiation Poss [ateratry atthe Univeray of ny in are to seat optima designs oe fate ‘Sntalysemesd bina poet Destenenoees tics fundamental inplicaions forthe ‘peatonof te bse ee Reece opted fora modified version Sisennety aie Pie {iso dotg they plan exploit an ens ‘hd proce diferent peso ages thnpmatcimapng cig. “By ting Shirttail dec cane at hosts capa aaei magnet atengthof the our projec, an Ing the gest sige nea, igh Bld strength potently alo lead {ollrger imag dtlrtanetggered by "id hg a mag ac etna tierce ng ste boar. These retin pears thecal magn eae uct dbus te Iahedeoresve sate spied cng ‘Atria Vey minimize thee rt intsmply yung weer magete ak ‘Seasirngmasinomdesortonsof0. 3mm, "Tota the mngednrton rau Ing fom lineindoted inomogenetar fave used two approaches, Fin, orto gn ic cimponcn are eee ‘eta emir ne ‘past mons kno smn. ‘effec etn ion ‘nthe Uvect and View ystems, Scot rp Se vente ete tresiment cost noth ney, he en Snag ox tet er ‘Seumeglde pepeadlr ike eae tei, Vetater ut move labore ‘iclarand pass modeserc chase ‘akeaepancleened TheAlberagcmss ain magnet Thetwoplane, Between wc he plat irposoned. nprpeniule mete lites posal oder the eam betwee the pages To praia “Spoxtione eine through the mat lve, Unig asttncrttesard snp he get rtnes hyn ‘hemagnet relict thine pat Inference Svce Tepernamiexony tan loreohcempotae ren es ‘ngommes a tr aos Septoria atau sine oa ‘geatoroufums es ena Showy tetera She Byatt oar thy ‘eaters tattoo = Zenamrenreaee aaa icoemteanioess ieseceecencns rcenimearae Steet pee Seoreeneet ‘eopertedin tat mode Inpependiaar iy ciminting Lorene forces onthe wether meee ie ‘Shree ooo from etry amet rom the ina treatment bend Assordingo Rel ftir ‘eal agtantaes god davanage ths stlingtearen caryngei and sive shieling vlog frromngncie tfc and acted de perturbation. Foundries, "InalvefaseyouThe IDRaman Family of Products from Ocean Optics Handheld and Benchtop Systems for Versatile Raman Analysis 1DRaman mic (aman min Contact an Ocean Optics Applications Scientist today. SPECTROMETERS | ACCESSORIES | SUB-SYSTEMS | COMPLETE SOLUTIONS r CO leKo lg calls Fo) lot ‘<@ OpticsMonitoring hypoxia Luminescence tracks oxygenation ‘Anew type of luminescence imaging shows promise for ‘non-invasive monitoring of ‘xygen levels in tissues, reports Edward Kiegle Hypa epee el ft ‘Sistuncion: Bscse ofthe portance ‘tipporin ncaa tel stone sake area tack thre ha een con "Stent terest n developing methods to low ents crys pan ties ch ‘uthonendeorovie spe age ‘Bente olcthing amore veri Esangen Nerheren Germany averted new tbl or essing ‘gen vee tate The chnigns fries seine spat norman {wofhuresent probes Thera fe to [sen lurestence gente eal time Sanat tet fame nye ee (iets pp Porn 1085008) each mone in (ED, wkthfomintcenceHtine nage Fog (ULI andthe golden” etd ‘Ne Lltated itech io mon ioc ofited nee Sask sits"Ourgenralim poudertand tom Inti ue aeygenstion fet th ot omenfinfectrand how ise onpe rhode rela copes Mouse sn maoping ih Hobert Meier and Oto Wolfs at ‘chat Geeman sensual PSone tagempen quenced easels ftitingrelerence dye Both des were Fer she for imagesequsionAUSB: ‘Stonected microns was sed o ates ‘hfe the RGB ea pee Hate toe Conlaioet apes tonstnda » i} ‘tsar Rt bikes ae esr ote ‘Sreseontgevtesnynge atsos cue prodedgnaintonsfyeniel. “The author were able to hap o4y evs trmngapy (PE and magnetic ‘oan ang HRI nce ther the renee showed oth ap {sand term (Ody epee lowanyatecsrenmentinance Th me ‘Sure showed apd drop and gral ‘oemalintion of shin oxygen level st Fede htpns mans iot Measurement ccaaey Trportnty te thos validated te teursy of mesures made wth he [RLt pes They owe the RL mes tremens i ot dir sania oe {ELI potaograpieprabe measire ‘mens LEY set probe mia 0 tat Ficretent compound win cope: sgl seein The SA 0.88, ih pO, (ony paral pecsure) oral 289 Tr neon enurementwes6e 134 Tat Poltorapic ores senor require cients ie ‘in bt see neem ‘atl mci ‘Setode techno, RL est es ‘cot one genic can com rose rei t sopesont sihinccnnac Siow xyes concerti Ts can Spare s Meet Seriecanal eaters tsi eon opm Sector ieee than PET or MRI, bt itis et to be deter: ‘delay oct of otto mae {eihasteen dort ns cia ea ‘erlvaseular disease without the need to per