38 Section 7 — Radioactivity and Particles Test 19 [Ths 1 guns iio Gh jun 0 mts wane ew al ‘What happens toa nucleus when it emits 2 2 gamma ray? A Its mass decreases Bs charge decreases C Its mass and charge remain unchanged a 3. What happens in nuclear fsion? 4 A. One heavy nucleus emits a beta particle, B_ One heavy nucleus splits into two lighter auclei ‘Two light nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus. a ‘5. What isthe role ofthe shielding around 2 6 nuclear reactor? A. To absorb the ionising radiation released during fission, B_ To prevent background radiation from centering the reactor, © Tokeep the reactor coo nm Which type of radiation can penetrate the 8 furthest into materials? A Alpha B Beta © Gamma a ‘An object has been itradited if A. thas been exposed toa radioactive B _..unwanted radioactive atoms have got ‘on 10 or into it © thas become radionctve a ‘What isthe name for atoms with the same ‘numberof protons but different numbers of neutrons? A. ons B Isomers © Isotopes: a ‘What ae the fission products of a vranium-235 nucleus? ‘A. One radioactive daughter nuclei and a large number of neutrons. B Two radioactive daughter nuclei anda small number of neutrons € Two radioactive daughter nuclei only. a [Nuclear fusion dees not happen at low temperatures and pressures, due to electrostatic repulsion of. A. electrons 1B . protons © neutrons a ‘© CGP—nottobe photocopied Section 7 —Radioaetivty and Particles10. 2 39 Give one soutee of background radiation a Describe two dangers to living organisms of being exposed to ionising radiation. 1 Bh ‘The equation below shows the alpha decay ofan isotope of americium. Complete the equation by writin the missing atomic number and mass number ofthe product, 244 4 oe Am— — Np+,He a {se this raph to work outta ofthe radiostve ample Loxto Z i200! | 2 8010! 3 sone! ovy 4 6 8 12 416 ane hones ae \7e (©COP—not tobe photocopied Section 7 — Radioactivity and Particles‘There are 11 questions inthis test. Give yourself 10 minutes to answer them al 1. Which ofthe following is the corect symbol fora carbon-14 nucleus? A uc Box cic a 3. True or False? “When a radioactive nucleus emits a beta particle its atomic number A Tre B False a ‘5. Ina nuclear reactor, a uranium-235 nucleus can split when, A... itabsorbs gamma radiation B .itcollides with an electron. C _.itcollides with a neutron. a 7. Bnengy i released in a fasion reaction because. A. there isa gain in mass by the nuclei involved in the reaction, B. .. there isa loss of mass from the nucle involved inthe reaction. C _..protons are tum into neutrons daring the reaction, a Section 7 — Radioactivity and Particles ‘Truc or False? “Radioactive waste from nuclear power stations is often dificult to lispose of safely because it has a long halflife” A Tne B Palse a ‘Which ofthe following gives the number of | ‘neutrons in the aucleus of an atom? A- Tho mass number B_ The mass number + the atomic number C The mass number —the atomie number a ‘The count rate ofa radionctive sample falls from 130 Bq to 65 Bg in 15 minutes ‘Wha is its hal ite? A. 1S minutes B30 minutes © Thou an "Nuclear fission reactions release high-energy neutrons, The role ofthe moderator in a nuclear reactor isto A. limit the rate of fission by absorbing B _.. slow the neutrons down so they ean be absorbed by uranium nuclei, C _.. transfer energy from the neutrons to the water inthe heat exchanger. m (©CGP— not be photocopieda ‘The decay of phosphorus-2 is shown below. 32 ~3P > Complete the equation by writing in the missing atomic number ofthe product al 10, A student has a source of rdiation that emits either alpha, beta or gamma radiation. ‘She places the source oppesite a Geiger-Muller tube and detector and records the count rate, She then places a sheet of paper between the source and the detector and records the count rat, and then repeats this with a sheet of aluminium instead of paper. Deseribe how her results will allow her to work out which typeof radiation is emitted by the source ‘a 11, Nuclear reactors are powered by a controlled chin reaction. Deseribe how nuclear fission can cause a chain reaction ols (©.CGP— notte be photocopied Section 7 — Radioactivity and Particles