How scientists should talk to politiciansContents: August 2015 Quanta 3 Frontiers LC nds est udonce for pertaguns «Grohe costing booes bate performance «Cold lasts te ning ound amoostaie? apie sknnspressperspen sutaces, ‘esohingrodsandconesin thoy Nows & Analysis G Golden anes for Singapore science « Astonomerspropse “super Hub” wlszope «Now Horzosconetes Paty by Fistwomanohesd US Natonl Academy of Scences Hy taes ona Son Maton Labs «ep hegts Sucoas phys nindusy «Europe lounhes Ent eevatonpabe «ote ice Eurpeen scence advise pane ‘Pope anatobeaueates neigh oncamataeate Comment 15 Davieeoradie Critical Point 16 ‘Seance forsercpoe Raver PCrease Forum a Renevingbariers ero Long Feedhack 18 eaoe ews on wena phoma, theron “spine ‘theo offre npyses, us cao are yeur favours amples ofepepous pss errs (omar sooo Features {can’t help fallingin Love with Q at Tess of neaton stars are prety mysteousto us, butas ‘Matin Haresepors, even foundation etree tie (quaites "Love" and" whch atonomerscouamessue (ertnenertowyars~mayholthchey Curing the Curie complex 25 Tisina Commarea toate Cues rndupte-the Frencr physi ne angen Jlat- about a's neat Inyhes ttis, when as eothe "Cure carpe How to advise a politician er wandered hw esta prsusdeapoltican implementa pote tats based on~ rau {enfsterandon Tesh ge 12 pacal psi those who hare Reviews 34 ‘Unaue, utnatrceptiona Avent etary ofeatty ‘wedi: EU Newer logs Careers 40 ‘hsntetrman Pol Barton # One phys: 60a Recruitment 43 Lateral Thoughts 48 Spares and eps Mark nok Multimedia crekoutne gaan ot pics ond ema ear aetna nner Snge ste tiesehrats eae echoing ak bot lactateQuanta pean and heard ‘Only geniuses ~ or cranks ~ ty to tackle great problems head-on Martin Reso rye Carbige ‘eg ees per Eden asso tatrtrtan ngce aer ‘Send sw ete nyse ‘Stoypmerolthe prt tse ae More or ess, the gold mine fs exhausted etna Ande ei oe Unety ‘ian unt ate ies commer on eset Wptee = ora sone 0 mae, ees ons oft mos tea Nobody wants me to retire aeisate bane fm nea aot Satara gcte ea ‘ss, 1 ose has no wenn te ‘piss moat pene nas Beate espe ota aco os To avoid further weakening of salen standards and reputations, researchers need to stick scientific best practice Azra pystet an oma om ‘Stoin Untestywrrgte ee sues clog at ted tat ante tty Soened tt ‘Girasaytatb easewet to dcng ‘eave ners ses on The importance ofthe science was baked in fim int rt oon Il ao ceed tata wa commer Sea esconsa sh pps oases, "had no idea what kin of work td be doing onthe placement, et alone what discover yes Ae soe omens td 0 ‘cums fs enroll se, Wage vetona wo Picasa nro ee espe ‘woven tn dv seed ene so | Tuedman asthe conple The a ate the E sbjct of th 2013 bok The Ran Sailer, ‘bch cans to oer iretuabepoot™ "hat Mendon and Zimmer aren the “lee ny tases around 3p ‘Bek tobe deing booed. a Double sightings Saueyproblom sohved [UFO entnastr ere no doubt ang Ihtafsauefromatsciupormajoamaise UFO Day on? 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Susan Curtis reports from the city state in the heart of Asia Ion ate set tbe greeted by sul Seng muste and multicoloured eam of ht dancing nthe ight SET eign and ight the ci soaring finan distr, Ie part of the mtional celebrations that wl mank 0 years since the ‘Simin county Deeame an inde endentsoerignstatcon August Tes Teter ating ‘ver thout five decade. “There is no doubt tat Sings poreans have plenty to celebrate "The former Heth colony which aca par of Maly fort 6 serotonin noone powered laygl by tae, maul fing and figoctal servies The SS mio residents of Singopore oy one of the best standard of ving im the work and generted a pros dometc prot (ODP) of fore than S100 (about £20000) In 2014" puting Singspore ied the Itrmattond! Monetary Fund's ‘bal rankings for ODP pet capi, Singapore sucecsisall themae impreseoracounry tht Sea fore, adenthol sta escures, find landmass that ja al th size of Grester London, One of {he comotrys sete ha been tt Snrcentngfovor on meeting the sesso ndosry whether o9gh letelectal property peoection or 2 Suenathened education system that produces highly sled work frm. And that foeut on economic Spent execs io Sires was idetted a the main diet Forfar economie growth sa ‘Teck Seng Lon, head Singapore National Research: Foundation (NRE, wtih wae forme In 2008 6 tosolser scene and pond det, fuxdingtouniversties“Thetinied funds that were nab inthe it fg plan from 1991 10 1936] ‘wre tardted ot sopporting Key tarntw we have developed a sound oes conse wh good prt foruniveraty esearch Tach ccf year plan hs received sabtanay moe fond from 1991 to 199, 10 reach & total of S16ibn inthe mow reset plan from 2011 0 2013, That inressed Investment hs tthe NRF ost mee money ntonmbigs esearch {epee destroy ‘et result of those efforts, Si uperet to ieading researe unt Settee «the National Unversity tf Singapore (NUS) and Nanyang Tels Un NT) Insitutions placed 220d and 33th ‘onthe 8 Word Univerty Rank Ings The NTU in particular nae ted jos 24 youn ago ad with fas been ged uta stent Fis young unlerty. "We have realy tare vert in reset SyFrediyBogyheNTUSaepuly snes ytd, FE presdentandprovos. "Now we hve highest cation score In As, Dir for growth Accor Low a tbe NRE, 190 ‘major intitves have propel Singapore up the sca leader board Most git a een the Iauneh of ve Resnren Contes of Enceleace (RCE), each of which ‘ecehed about 81s0a oer years {a eablh a world-class reacarch leambackedupwitstute-ofabe-art Fates, Fron the bok waste {Centre for Oumtum Teconlnges, ‘ery af Oxford, wih now sts hore than 200 sat and students from 35 countries Th other RCES “Toca once seas Earth bsertion mecaneaboagy and lice egnering ae ao Stale aod fll ond lint steve been ale to attat some af The words most renowned research hon turn have trated the ‘ripest rine to work wth hem, comptve fellowhip porate Sedat riing stars ofl atonal {esin thet stagesothercaree "We provide a SShm research gan ‘erie years wich emblem ‘Sesubkdhacmalescaehoupt fodiet high ipact scence In Si fapore TheNRhaseceed more {hn 0b appleations since the ele Towships were launched 207 and Corentyfunde fll inallarest Bfetence and eel (Baopamenerhn beni CEs aetah a magna or scent Ieetusethey nto wan en ronmeat where there are other good Tesearchers says Andrew Wee, an US pita the Senge (NAS) an independent ody that as bee epesetingats sine the 1970." good for ‘hem, good orth ene and pod for Singspore Feces encsteomes Despite the growing importance of longeeterm esearch, Low stresses that scence In Singapore mus ut {Indior sola development. One ‘ample ater techno bic avon alleng or Singapore "We hve eased abba ene lene that abo inches indy an ow these companies provide tac Popes parts the wr, We have turned the challenge of water into an opportunity fr com- Tease ty Wes, that the relatively small community of iin Singapore mat mor Eizerain areas to receive good nancial suppat “The goverment genies won't support felds sch fs astophyacs because they don brite wil bene the eonom, neh plenty of phys age {rat condensed pyc and fatale sence are wel funded Tecate there is more scope for nthe cas of Wee hiesarch in sac aninerie ces a redinargprtby the Cente or Rranced 30 Material which has ‘eure univers sod NRF grants toting S880 ince was setup bythe NUS in 2010 "We need Feo the mone, ut ike sett. tower te wor he explains. Te INTO Hoey pas trmore stare "Resear unin Singapore an ivesiment ot «donation. 1S Igo suppor usky research ‘Nombre the foc on eseatch ‘utcomes more apparent th at °STAR "the ageney that wat seemiyse nity at Sle ASSTAR reosived altos all ‘Of the Singaporean governments boney for researc, slowing 110 Sclupaseriesoinstiutesin theta. medial seienesandan rang fen triste rotted and ne reshch ‘fefundaathuvesn impact ints ‘Geol Leng Ta, eect dtetor SIAPSTAR Scene and Engineer IngReseareh Counc" gods ‘ce seme secure our tare ‘Syelpment and we sl want our i oll hee 1080 hat ‘chnecan eo wa bea Snore Sgpare tbe trey coy se on once wth Sarre ‘Ss povang sed arpa ‘onan 9%, ean at ‘Sen pln wes weed weer | z inermbscrmsts: opine sSN8s Ship a0 eda Grktmgton. patio Tetectecaneseuceans ——Gaunlaeen has toa ened aug fonts Seg rests ot ado bald [state goth on netoage snot Te ‘ounnstat ssn En feyeareoer pan Resa F feast on nowarg seme sees tay, Inout maiaonal comets at Nows & Analysis fesercorect eee bers ry ecreceeones Peet en Seeencothmene epee ae = versione ‘een bet than dbl 2006-2010 {eSt139b0 along he yes Nn! intone ear ese Inohraeas tate sen otageay Inga Sep sth as quant oescesin Segue Win esd twcmlper neath chanaten Scientists to produce work tht i [gnodenough be pablshed into AISTAR is the force behind asionopoli, a cluster of esearch fnsttutes and corporate labor tories focused on materials and Avice engineering Phase opened in 2007, consisting of tree towers ch Im high and the second Pate dc open in October this [earls doublessze and Yillincade ae ofthe rps clea "ood fees n Singapore. "The ‘hmong effete very important ind etective even ina sal coun tay like Singapore aye Tan “lt Foner both formal a infor foomunication belweea cesar sand companies” Narain (ne of the biggest challenges for A'STAR = and indeed the uo TROND oer este strong ‘aire of Singaporean research fs Local student benef fom a0 ean etetion sem, Bate) tHe ascarce and vlble resource "ere intense competition for theta stent sae we Youna ‘Sites fered the inane se ton aswell denabe je tn the Ieglsyiem andthe ctilsevie "Te best approach, sys Te, is to Meniy ad eet students at [raat academy ls seb ee tothe most promielng under ‘radates heels "When hey ‘tvimtute ade enfundthen to study fora PRD overseas They ‘aaschonse wba to sud and where {0 study but they must return [A'STAR when they have fished “The Singapore National Academy Stee, tom to encourage Young peopl o choose science by nmap an ands programme ‘angie excelent schon! Sets, hile the NTU tes high petforming undergraduate the Ehanee to sped a ear ofthe stad ‘Bt with dectnng bith aes and hgh employment evel, Low 59 that Sigupor ll aever bese feotfor PRD etude orpotoes "We need! to atact people fom ter pars ofthe mo he 9m "want to detlo our loestenpe {ts abo iopertan to have des Sucompettion” ‘Govern unaig ote next fe yeats edu tobe announced (Occen and Low i conient hat serpentinite oumntment at the highest levels foricene and inaoaton, ith te veenmeat' Reseach noon fn Enterprise Counei cated by Prime minster Lee Hsien Loong, ‘tho himself tadied mathemates a Trinity Calg, Came" We tre onkoowiedgeand ail for ‘future seonomie development" SSyeTun We have strong vision tnd lear fouson what mee ty ingto neveNews & Analysis US survey reveals high value of physicists to industry Asurveyby the Ameria Instat ‘hatevenplss PAD gradsteswho st Pgs (AP) hae ound that Us hot work asics o engines plies with PDs who go on 0 ingore takingigiians cunts Nonny do not ater oss | olmoney and seem qe happy Sa earnings o tlectoal sata, 1 Indeed the mre fod th more tin Thos wid bein the pi than 8 of pete inthe pete tweeter hesure napa ‘ctr Sn epored sn a vecaees that are renscng bath Fes more tan 10000 = ger Profcsionliy and finely xen than many academic postions Though they donot necessary se ‘Around 85% 0 respondents wets thespecictenningtey sequin storking in STEM el eve It {heledoctoral nd "forsome pot ‘ot specifically in pyc Cae ‘loctoralaining td Anderson abo dncovered that "The survey = Common Carcers Dsl wo wer selrempeyed of Pcs nthe Pte Sector Aidnoctitchestexcoype cf asoly fens on 303 US-based physics wis PRDs. These ae identi as Wallngupthe worker, atc, they cn ra thee tmployed inthe US priate sec- Sl-emplyment finance: govern oper en sien Tor who ware awarded their PhDs tment contracting: engineering; Arsetorhe —"'WighaeTtcik vice-president 11996, 1997, 2000 or 2001 Those. eonpulet scence physesoersc. Anwtaniest_ fr advanced techologies at GE. Seuswerechosen because theywere ena technology, eagnecing an iushontan) Global Reseach sayy that he we fier side ofthe 2000 “doccon™ mathematics (STEM) Teds and. tomb 9% vy’ findings ice will his own ‘bbl to provide lance tothe now STEM eis aluspheteh obrervations: “When you study survey becuse Item fmsofien la nearly all cates, tose with tphesscora physic you car ow ode Wilt re pint Phos were wosking in aes tat 2itpaee Completes, nae and unset Catred out by Roman Czu- reqiethetequen ine otscertie.sudantnssl en he ays "lt really postions Iho, tecemy retifed head of the attechnicalknowedge, wih many mow bansi000, yout ar pate compunies nd APS Saistial Research Center, finding thelr job -intlles tally the corporate world A degree i ‘ogether vith his colleague Garret snusting sd challensitg™ Co. pigs makes you very Grd and ‘Anderson Mesure) dentiesight jn whoclsimsthat the sure the ‘ery adap ‘aincaesr pot ouside sade “st yen dy of ia Petrone ind government mock or physics ess do the peat sector as Boson space ‘na ombud pasts New Horizons completes Pluto to fy by ‘tumingimagesf Pato wc aed ‘Sstmoth he te ens isonet tc om é isch Snes tet itn tates” ‘Sperm Wr tance in ‘Sheth poe Titers ssc tht ‘ume wth Nfs \cttormorethsnner ono, tec Coch 2005, intra ns cern nen sen tune ‘Semen ‘Scranton roe dtr iors promt Oe Sieciertmente pee Imentgtan ESS thot eh ImvatgtrAn Stn Soest vorrei fever at about pl Soot ‘ents aan wee ot aang ‘tte scrrtwarn sme ne oat of a talaNews & Analysis Us research Geophysicist is first female to lead US academy “The eophyiit Masa MeNetthas ‘AcademyfSleees NAS) Subject, {Gorm aifeation ther noma. to in December she wil soe ‘rent president Raiph Cierone 2atlon that promotes scene, th ‘Seton tthe academy wide sen ‘sone ofthe highest honours i Usecence [MENG caren in tlhe US Geabogial Survey. Dur ier caver aa ari geoph ‘he alo served presen and thief exci o the Monterey Bay ‘Aquarium Research Intute and ‘zc panel kd fatechange "Iryoulookat Marea ‘arous pasion, you ean se that thes ery dete and seit ‘apeienet an acomplishmens Saya trbara Sel deanot the Fe ty of Ars an Scenes at Wash Poop te wate commas” se et cat pees eiersentet Hetty er scene Pea er fearon peter Shree ably o more promlaet leadership fella a pubs war imate, postion nsiencethanDelng NAS. MENU Ss she "att" for Sioboanete” president "Through the National the women whe have held ghee rothooreus. Research Council the NAS pres lesderhip poston nthe ate tao ‘ualiy advice proved tothe US. bership to beer tat women ean ‘Sorerument but slows quetions Sreasked tobegiawith” AS MeNtt eerie previous postions hae Drepaed her forthe new postion What these positions haven com US nuclear lab appoints first woman as director tor of Sandia Naina Laborato Fes making be he fst worea [esd oe of the tree US Navona Nuclear Security Administato (NAY aborts tha del wi ocr cur ss ia FE cveseing ters ster wweipons defeace syst, home Tend sett countertetorism and ‘ergy security. Sandia has around T1000 eroployees, including 340 PD phys at losntion a Masters degece in mechanical nginering trom the Unversity at Cfltorninat Berkley Hruby ned Thelahin 9S wrkingin reach ‘Sseiposcoopnsns ame Frederick Bermudez, Hruby was vena very warm recepio® with Standing ovation a a al-bands anagem ‘yt meet the lb inJane where ker {periment wasannouneed. “Lead ingSandin ra tremendovs respon ty eae fk importane Plononenalengincering and sen Ue tet here says Hruby. 1m proodtoe the tst woman to lead ice-president Diane Galtia. ope that this example wl ad 0 there being nolongeanybariersto {rue equality for women nsec: an NNSA laboratory. But ost frou fo represent the people and Wotkofthisgreat lab "Paul Homer, whos retirement after five years a Sons ice toropeel they for uy ‘Hdndig” role mode forthe Gem's employees “The spplatneny ie grat thing paricualy becuse IvStems entre from het career he adds, Hruby dies from mest, staat arto dec in eae tha there ave been some Eades without them Suit ond Cleewbere. sis eal creer was Seep enough n her scenic work nanotechnologies hat she fe: thely eared the slemifi cred. ‘completing a modernization pr {grime that, according to Home moet, will "gt the Tabocatories prepared to execute a mngnitade [trout work me Rave done oeAstronomers call for Hubble successor ‘= 's:simmitss Pans fora new teescope that woud boupotwtoaoner Ifthe poet {oes ahead, the probe tentately Ente the HigheDettuiton Space Suse (HDSr) melas thetint aloe 20% The plas have Been une bya aeons ‘commie from the US Arsaca thn of Univeraties or Resear a ‘tonomy (AURA) Iwars ow any adn sep need wing te planned lsc Coster 208 of he nae ume. ‘dt Space Telescope UWS), HST would detect a sine wave length range a the Hubble Spa Telescope, fom nearnfared #0 faratreilet ight, but using sb ent ager itor than Habe lech sats cannot ft tha ie the plan i for the amin cor compris 34 sgments tached to TT i foal backplane Sich eclogy has heen deve aed and being wae y the fue thit woud be lat wise that Siz" hopeUl that wel pure ‘uta way todo ina way tht thay Yes fod sn Spice TeescopeSleae laste in Hitimore, Mayand [One ofthe HDSTs ain goals wld to sty Panes around water on an exoplanets surface Recording to Pstman, once the epoubleto get spectrum othe planet that cold tl ssronomers hehe or ot there ate potenti Sgnsoflieasrfectedin thou phere the pane "aceon tt erplnet ose. ow mest othe stars in ou gay nove over the course of Iyer I ‘oul also stay the 3D motions af ‘eat pliestompareithmore eon oe the fat Instrument ta eae how en ows in end out of galas eeapemsyinr_ Erica beertion for understand eoatetretgt Hen ammel, AURA execute ‘elon from the JWT.» project that i (er bdgt and as ueed dls Wie the epert does not ouch on "he ose ruled to constroct the who verse technology devel nests that kita arth Beyonce Agnes Soins 28 By sets ssadppd wn oh soko ee ts rae set ston fh eae splot Rech Re) Te atta orate xt mon Fteing esas Caprese rene Sent 2k Poni vise rsinaps ot beEurope opts for collective advice Testo et seme Inte Ta ager gre of cei ete ee iieeh aye loc ca re mee ee oe eed coe Sone ee ete SERS i Sane ‘at the role. Glover, however, came crane eae SSooreceencer Pale etn Seater Ses ee paseomenemities saan erent thee ocleyerstoeatutes! Se ay omg, connie ‘continental Europe is more used Style 1 a commitee-based approuc, Stes Wildon ofthe Sieve Pol igy Researen Unit atthe Univer iy of Srasex inthe UR sys th {he highs group wl be “more omftably uated” witla the ECs decsooranaking stuctuses, Means, Jerzy Lange, «Pali ptssapdamemberofsreral EC Sdvgory boards, mata that the ‘hin sent pot was arg ene inet bens war sel ain sch {yy oso ts bars power “The ew structure better fie the ECS consesus-used committee stlehe say Many detis of the new sheme reminunsenr-sichaserstiy how toples formalde chosen [Etwil wart or se tops without fubide hop Alsounceararetheet ‘cia that ibe used oslet group ‘member Acommisson ofa to Pyke Wd ht each mere il he on "ndspated sent pro FIC tat the nce wl pn ‘ange sleds, ad {har tbeseenvillhve broad ca lective visonofthe important deve pment researt “Hoevet the efal would not ssyit other factors toch comme ‘Wlkdon the ater parti is cal “They coud Nobel pie Winners but be completely inept at Working in pote tees” he sys pertain pe = Seca Adie for aises” Snpisand-How oases pula on pps0-33 Erainrtage Nows & Analysis, Sidebands {oli Nambe 192-2018 pura ore sehen een borne rie Ph oeatng 1260 ‘hp cmaens yay mo ‘price pss oat tpt mittee aos genoa Mar wostom oni yt Inst suse ats te even, aig 92 Dung Sea a ar ote bn pistons oe SSroiciga batten ‘Shen eaters omc the best cag 198 a Random ner lait dropped en NS seeds ‘amnendd aut ogre ‘gonna et inet ero WS ch orosennegnoy sey ane ees US ean ene ‘tenis anon cyan Se balbipiece ems Fondo carton an BRE) fem econo HST teendreams Di EDR teria sto ene ta be ane capyentypon ‘Seem net tow bat ‘oo, cots andre Denote ages Bowing fae ram at wo cn [perm recommenston i ws lnesi2032 ost misionextondod ‘Bean oa Aa Shon ‘stn nt 2016 Poets Tate 204 aig Came ‘yehnjomer creat ele one apes Ade nt ent Decor 2015 ti etoson nao eer ‘hah come tae herb te hs yen Hew postin ESA earner te Santas moh, suede arNows & Analysis Vatican and laureates warn of climate threat Inthe wake of Pope Francis urging politicians to do more to combat global warming, a group of 36 Nobel laureates has called for similar action too, as Edwin Cartidge reports Man-made loa wating i 96. My vel, ould have devstatng sea warming hiatal Seer ee Sule is Syncs Socata nanan Een teres Meta aekearsen” Ges iceicemerino fae Shitieriatamiet etieacoatcae Tamieceec a Fee Sneeree na Sete Serpeca toc Seared te segeeisinctay al cane see lr, Tepe ee reeae Tperat Suess pet ‘Ponts the finger at “carbon credits, Nave @ duty to Seiners aera baaterhe oa eeeeaeer envonnent ierigorniere pe oateret ee hese. erratons Guha eticens amber e SUR eet geaa Seana ease SO ‘Stay iteitaee Bases, oa Semele eat eneay n “the test sour of information” on "Ths nitive is only the second $m have cant sand on sola Ieee, The other occasion was in 195, when 82 No prize winner [Fsiened statement tnganized by ‘nde chemist Ono Han marin Kerib danger mea weapon, 8 Schmidt oer seats Eepe to before this years meting ‘ough that global warming was "the ist ise to rach the same threat nicer wor Bre ho Boston College a Mastachutts, th cect of cae change "weet belies that Francis intervention apes im IS-minete period”, aries prtclar weigh He notes Schnde waras they wil hve "the thatan Eos mosting_ peal octet eration on tant Lind of statement m pope can. Siar scale as ose exlsions make short of suigan “ite” "Schmid explains tat he and i Droclamston and predicts tht the fellow laureates who are by and Socument wiv geste author lage mt eimate expert ae not iy" topoliiansandutberswicing, defending the IPCC’ science To ince onegbal warming. isefbutather hese process Similar wee ced y_unkpnigihe pussepart He scientsataimectingofe Poni argues that given tee callectve Gal Acad) af Sconces helt the. experience and high profil, the VatcanatinecadotApeiltodicans signer have both nora auihor lal warming After the meeting, lyvanda"speil respon to University ofcambridgeasropiys make theirvoices ear. fist Martin Rees noted tha Francs "Not al of the 8 prize winners fsa pertcalarly strong influence present in Lind sighed the de tmpuicapiaion Latin Amersa ftion,Schmisay tat mos othe nd Atria, who “a Rave voter n_29 absentee from he it Cull mot the UN Sip for ogi resvons Indeed, the ofthe nonslgners materials Mora authoty SSlentst Dan Shechiman of Tee ‘Theclmatedecaaton rm Nobel io lal site of Teco Inoreatey meanwhile was made a and Cambridge biologist Vent the German town of Lindau on the Ramakrishnan, who i coming sores oflakeComtanceThey met president ofthe Repl Society =a) ‘re several dasa the end fame. they woul have aed thelr tame Shdleginnng Uc ulyinan annual Noo eyteen sit, Imccing ist held in 881 The ce Somc however de rfee tosig. ‘ate delration drewnphy poy Norweslan pit ar Giver ‘ets Dian Seni Steven Chu, tld Slegutes hal hal arta George Smoot and David Gross a¢ enone hich said hat Wellattnapint Peter Duberty unger hecome » new religion Mhendor Polls Pars 1o"take decnbe nse,» physi tthe Univer tion oli future global emis sky of Manley meu say Be fone of greenhouse gues, war lSonceraed shout the ate bat ing that "are to et wl subject aio sepa bout he predietions fatare generations of humanity to obtained usngelimatemedls “The Snconationable and wnsceptale. moment you expres doubts you ae Thi The document deseribes the put nthe corner wt he bad Buys ‘ssessmeot report published Tost sndthat sot sciene”he tole earth lntrgoveomental Panel sc Mord would have ined the SrChinteCounge(IPCC) as"byno declaration av 2 sien De nt ‘cans pevect”batsasthaiclfers ascent”Comment physicsworld Teco ein yen ‘magus wt ege ‘Gumoum eae sneaae onion St sv aarne aoe Shieitesawaatee meer ema 1OP Publishing ‘Pome a. Rectan nee an Pe memes a? Advice for advisers Pyar day place to improve the gusty of scence advice to potins ‘Mention the to words “sence policy” and most physicists’ eyes wll probably laze ove, People pont physics dreaming of discoveringanew planet rfinding {he Higgs boson —not poring over Dude spreaasteets, championing sence 10 inept politicians or commenting on seemingly areane bits of esation. Untor tunately, scence policy is nereibly important in today's work, which depends hugely on sience and sintife research, I'swhy seientific societies, such asthe Thttte of Physics, which publishes Plies Wald employ staff o help shape _overnment plies on sche. ‘One ripe amongscientissis that pol iticians just don understandthe impes- feet nature ofscience.ButasLen Fisher and John Tesh explain in our caver fea- tore (930-33), many scientists don't understand the imperfect nature of polities either. Running » government ‘Si ke running a phys experiment, whore you ean just wea ew dias, that happens and then repeat the exer ‘se until you've gota satisfactory ind- Ing, The real world is far more messy nd complex than tha, particulary when dealing with questions of ik ‘Many sient whose woes deserve tobe heardare, though, unaware some ‘of the Masi priniples of politial if. We might no like the imperfect way that fovernments operate, ul tough i's how things ave. What Fisher and Tesh have therfore done isto dist her experience of communicating scence to politi= ‘ans into 12 practical tps for sient who wish to have thelr ideas ineoxpo- ratedinto science policy. Some oftheir advice isobvious~know bow goverment policy-making is structured, fr example Bu some of what they sy isnot, such "savoiding the lame suggestion “more research needed” “The challenges of science poligy are not new On page 16, Robert P Crease recalls the dificult faced by George W Bushs presidential science adviser John Masbunger. A phyiist by taining, Marburger soon discovered after take ing office in 2001 that seience policy was, as Crease puts, "manly driven by sdvocates, anecdotes and futon rather than data and models” This lack of ‘scientific basis fr policy-making, Marburger el threatened te credibility of policy advice, and led him I yeas ago teal for a "slenceofstence policy {hat would offer new tols, meres and models, “Marburger bold desire hs oto be propery fulfilled. But we shouldn't be surprised that he had such gran ambitions ~ physicists are good a thinking big “nd tacking problems that others re afraid touch. As the Skype co-founder Saan Tallinn points outin tis mons once phys interview (pa2), there isa Inasve ove representation” ofphyscsts working atthe two centresthat he has ‘Setup tostudyriskinsociety.Selencepliey might seem adstraction to some, bat physicists can make thei mark on Matin barat to, Pysies Wort Rohmcpestemncopasnataraees spre shaComment: Robert P Crease Critical Point Better science policy r ving co-edited Marburger handbook eee tht pet coment, sco, improve science policy decision- pschologis pote sensu thet mmakingis 10 years old. Robert P nian atom Crease investigates aed er thon Mea vey bore rea "Novaivaye she repicn "Theres The phys Jobn H Marburger wh dick ‘en a daancePetween what cadet inal sii peng oc {Mak ea od wha plot ce poly He spe many yeas fn th find usetul escaeh we, i ax present o Sto then Wondered she knew of any exam rook Universi and tbenssirecorofe ples inthe make af Marburger’ proposal Brookhaven National Laboratory, lor [tsucensal interaction Between sex ‘pending sven year ar scence srr Roem score ana picy makers "Yes ae sa, US premsent Goorge W Bush, Gosek ‘ Sling 2008 papery Harvard Unies ence olic,heesind dont stave Tabor economia Richard Freon oa he ‘Seeing wh gots hom mh ney he ale of ineeasing graduate research fe bo depend on what ba hose eto Towships. faded propose that White remade. Howse sence policy mater ound con ‘Keen to give poliy-makers a helping NalegeAsimeeatsinypaystlentee vncingcnouh io lnpicment, tung, Martungr called forthe reton he aes thing” Peslng od was fans of ence poly” that woul not understand how tows, and we have that thissty was done bye radeic for off thn new ons mt and noel. wrkoee eto woe ant would esos, ht ete ap nen isin st umeted10years aga, Seem require morethaa merely data” ing plleymaers mnths hap discussed in Since Policy Up Cone (Har The sume problem, Marburger soon penal But Marburger inflcteed he ‘ard Unvrsy Press 2018) collection realized plagued wrtually al aspect ot fcademcs to ay of tar wx could ‘of Marburger’ writings that Leited~ ang Sciene ply. He wae appoint in then pletion for pet ese ways? tn s 2011 handbook be co-edited allt techniques wed nthe US fo determine andsone ply maker tobe ling oles The Scene of Science Poy. Marburger appropriations for esearch ending theca hak We mig bea todo his tought are perceive, bt his ambition: federal leveandfoundtatstencepley si diferety™ steyttiobe elie, seas many deny adhoc ancedter {timation “ther th Gt ad mod Teta pont Mor than money ‘hk: Thislck ofascentc asso pai During asence pli roundtable this Ear on during his tine in Washington making, el, rested the csedliy years ANAS mcelng asked My neigh ‘DC Maurgerdiscoverediattheamoun_of pole avi, nd mss what led hint Bour why scene poly nao herds federal moncy invested in US reeaee efor t scence afsnce poy" Mat apres trophlatet he sad ‘nd development had been remarkably. burger made theellathe 3005 Foromeon Unfair theerm, asked in ha Stable over the year lose tacking the Science apd Tecnology Paley ane hemeat-Toptoloy means the st) of ‘county’ poss domes product (ODP). event beldin Washington spomoredtythe_foodchaas” he espe, Scone nde Hethetcloreconnedtha heretic American Assocation forthe Adtanee” ing inves musing rnp fiero ‘ointinpwshingtoralaperinfaxotfederal meat af Sclenee (ANAS) He alo nade animals guernmens, fundy agence, ‘money but hat what might ipa thngs seas nanan inseience maging uahersce nbn, departiments Sou ‘ul be ter ways tases spac tat May (3 10. “helsing tomany diferent foc “Marburger had fo contont the tue T found the metaphor enlightening. um lie 2 Gonmerrnach aioe ce pai mean bin Terorstatck onthe enter Marorge proposal bad and sil ae Sent mats an improve tose Indie he Bush aminsaionorestiet.serisce who ae sepia thal anything ood chains. The animals yous Teedng ‘stor foreign national and Marburger tthe indeasitheschivedgiveathevat fave diferent aid changing trios Jusvasted to speak toa National Science ledandeverchaingstatenthetessrch auiements andar themscecser hing, Bonet (NSB) taskforce aout te “impact ecosystem. But hs had any spect on nd how po eed once acral ted of security policies on the science and. Scene pily-aking im Washington in ete, among lhe things, what [iglcering workforce” By then many se the ID years since he propsed i? posed makessicain scence poly silt Ents had denooned the restrictions as thisquestonoKayeFusands Fling an_omeasute-Ani wy Mangers ‘ndulyharh harmful o US research ecomemat who schsroft Scola Fab Mens on poley metic te = ag Wi Marburger masaympathetis et alte ev. hPa athe Georgi Institue of Tch-_p bir they Se alt. dence hecouldrum upwas anecdotal He nology. who kad onanism at the Soc ls“Thm ave poli” on oul tnd te daa of ucetaa eit). ANAS ply fomin Washington on he p03 inoathe abject, Tiihannivesary of Marburgersproposl, “am ota al confident” tol che “Defy oped Fein, whe knew. Robwt see crite Dopaie NSB, “thatthe ight questions are belng Marburger, having served 8 fropramne Pilsen, Sry rea Une one, sed oransneredto provide pitance for deer the National Siete Founda. conser sam homer Seti. We have workforce data that I don whea he developed is inti adem eaten eo 6 apaceComment: Forum Elena Long argues that more needs tobe done to support physicists who are sexual and ender minorities Physicists who are lesbian, gy, bisexual, {rapes or who belong to ster sexual ‘gender inate (LOST) often ind that being LGBT is ncompaie with beng pins, adingtom pomingsease 1k soation within the community. For hore of who do bagi up amoag or jn immeia ten a ‘tia gucstons age om “Why o ou ave toalkaboutt?and-What doesnt ve todo with ence” ton pyes. Commun eases hte fra nen ry ‘popresivc and tos thee sen poses TerLopt people Weve ever warned els ike Risspcfe tow ar asingle per and advocating fo thi need. With these thatwe'toc ate guces physics son und i fom by cosiag together as onpunintonm there now 2 community nda ing honest shout who wears a community that we have been able to of LOB physists that extends from italy to hurt urcarer, Stan posing toeter the ptemie ues undergraduates o senior cleats hat dd The ines that face LGBT people in constenty faced by LGBT? people note iveyears gn, Wearebesnningt© pss sso heep young LGHFS people. ips, Together with the Artrizn see thos geacralonof LOBT# scents From pursuing be sujet farther Tae. Astronomia Soctys Working Groupon do otfeelthe ned keep the Ment [US Guy, Letlan sod Straight Educatlon LGBTIO Equality we have pt together les separate om their Ines psc Network found in 201 survey that les abestpracie pune that yout specie Yet theresa of wrk tbe done. Thana of LOI primary and second: scone tat conte taken within a depart By eoming tether asa commun, we try edocation stadals else at shoc, ent andthe univer community to hve Been sole to sentiy @ number of ising many of them (o stip clases and take pyses more wecoming enon. se that we commonly face, bt we ae ft tier chances of gong‘ to igher ment for LGBT people For svample, slong way from fsag them, OF the a0 flveation. According tothe Willams we encourage phys aesity memes colleges and universes inthe US, onl 36 Insite a think tank based tthe Unl- us gender neural and inne lnguage, clude ransgende-elted balan or versiyoiCalivnis LowAngsce-around erate tte spaces within «department therempoyes, Although national rp {oe Sejoung uomdless poople tne US be open to mmc chang for job and en-_roneseh athe APSarebecoming ore srcLOBT dec them making uponly tre sppisenty aad paripeie insarveys ince towards LOB piss this [fout of the population Meanwhile, expiotag LOB experiences then doesnot te downto une oF Join survey byte ational ay nd tex "We ane sso put together an “out ist laboratory evel where many ares foeed ban Tk Fore andthe National Center for LGBT phyasiteand siesta pbliely hide that hes are LGBT for fear of i fr Trangender Equity 2011 found. afin therghtforal ppt topursoe_ emit ad hostility oraeoworkers ott sftrqender poole lathe US thrscemifeorkinaeateandauprarive Not only are We losing out on many hveattempted aide Chvtonenttars teste peuceandextemey talented youns people, ut fo SocelomyeoleaguesendIhaebeen dicrmination By luding contact infor thee ow who awe LGST and hae se ‘yal community sexvl snd gestion, thes bas hp todnts who coesed fn pcs, out communis nie {erinitorilesinpyuce-berpayesite have en unsure abow howto icone snd outde of seademi tre constaty {hpubiphyscort)-to adic the thor enti to connect wik people who hurtng and In need. Te work foward fics tice Tire havteeascomnon ste understanding and ave thems. full aceptance of LOBT+ people, oth theme snong our new members before teen encouraged tostay nin the eld. in pis and inset reuse of TindingcomunsyofLObTe pst, Suppor Iso protiag among other sto farm about the brie tht exist for they tought they were alone Not ony ongantetions In Oeoherablsthe Amen LGBT + people and to beg removing thet tute dot ve anoneta alt con Phys Socisy (APS) formedncom- them. THrough ou efforts and though Wea itey aniniosuestoch ms employ. stetoaleatfyaruruberethewekyean ourcommunity wecan make pnses more hnent dscimiaton Thee mwerineade telponmprve the welsingo pins, nelcoming an ints revere Insuranes plies tat do at cover sume= Icuding king he need f LGBT =a Sex rchtignsips or tanegendrlated php, The Instat of Paks, which Bene gis site Felina helcecs of same-sex relae_publnhes ower Nol, has begun work erature US ‘omip onthe "wo-hody probem? snd ookingt theses that afettbeL GIT + al culegtut ow mipating to anne ator country community. There sao US oguniza that doesnt recognize there gha playin called Out In Scene, Technolo. 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Butas reports, itriow looks like the outsices ofthese objects may be fully defined by only three simple quantities, known as ,Qand Love The dancers are an clgant pi. Clothe the fa rie of space-time, they ure driven by te mosie of ‘toy und make a stately obit around ene another ‘nce every two-andhalf hours They frouette at they move one spas once every few scons while the other spins many times por second and each ‘one of het wie marked by an intense fash of Tight. The dancing partners sre pulsars spinning. la neon stars hat send epular Dp oight our way [Namod PSR JOTS73058, this duo is one of kind More commonly known asthe “doubl-pasar sys ten tithe ony to-paka stem where we have served both patnon Other bnar-pulsar stems it consisting of pla and, for example, white ‘ear ora (oon rating) noutton Sar However, ssronomer fin the duble-palsar stem parts lable boca consist wo Masog bea fon raher than one, andthe more sformation theyFeature: Neutron stars ca glean to test the theo he eter, particulary sstenomers ine et ake pre cite measurement othe zo ey pulsar hey fe to slo mae tng lescopes and what Pulsars re ike ot nse emsine a myer. a Thequest fo gure ot hee deta wht ay prove ‘al ea fucinatng dicey made in 203 ct ot $i relationship etc uate astronomers an measure, nich bring cnt fo the curse complicated hort lane (Soence 34.3). "ou ca he tes univer logs 1 probe rmucear physics” sasKent og, an atopy at Monta State Unters who co-dsconred these ingan infer relations. Yagl eters how by mean ‘ng certain values relting othe exterior of pulsar “yh s thought tobe a simple solid erst tis possible to probe the pul insides. nother wont, 1 coud nally disever what's song on win the ‘ides objet inthe cosmos. ‘Thee woes ‘Also known as neuon str, polsars re api spin- ing objets that are he collapsed versa of tars uch moe massive thn the Su the most famous ‘xample is the Crab Nebula pulsar orn na super ova expan bright enough tobe see in dig MAD 1084 They areas massive as stars but are only 10-20 across smal tham many cee on Earth, Even our most powerful telescopes cant measure ‘we have from Xa tdescope observations ae ony Accurate to 50% ors, (That like saying my ow hejght i betwoen aboot 90 and 2Rlca. Nady’. happy with hat Soto anser) “Theoretical caleuztions dont help much with figuring out their sce, either. Palas combine stiong gravity, intone magoetie elds and very dense mtear mater: any one of those propertics 'Scompliated enought study and understand, but together they are an mstophyscs nightmare, “We dont understand what a neuton sta i made of ‘ays West Vinginin Unversity astronomer Maura MeLaughlin. Not tat we know nothing about these objects “There must be ncuzons Int, We know there'beeectons al protons But asi frm that there area whole bunch of diferent theories, many which are pase ‘Plus int good enough, especialy since the sitferent theories lead to diferent clationships between the miss of neuron sar— which aston ‘mets can offen measure ~ nd its sie, However, ‘when ancuton sara ply, emits a siongbeam [tligh Ashe sar rotates, one of ts Beams pases cross ou el of vew, where we ce ira opus flashes. The timing ofthese pulses and how they change led astronomers to conelue hatte iterior taneuronstar sa fricton tee seperti made of huts pales wie iste sl ero Fronandother nail That ance broad picture, west ned the deta "Yagi Deeame interested in neuron stars through their gravitational propertis. While the bast Aesrption of neutron str in geeral relativity had been worked out years before, Yalan callborfrs realized there were new insights inva berrable ‘Kunis, "Generally says Yah "we would expect that i we take two observables of neuron Bar the relations between thse two obsermables would ‘depend strongly onthe Interal srt that me ont relly non” But he and his collages found {he oposite the space-time outside» pulsar canbe Aesrtedy thre relied quanies tat depend on the object’ shape and se, rather than ona theo ‘eta stampton about he nei ‘Yagi and eolboratoscoined the phrase “TLove- (OF todescrbe he net star an the way shapes space-time, Although his sounds lik some bizare Tomantcdectarton, each word simply represents fone of the tree observables. "I" the noment of Incr, which tetsu how hard tis o change the {ate at which an object spins. The casi xp na figure shater, When thy begin api, thr ara are ede and thy have ge meme of ner: they pul thei arms over thet head, they decrease their moment af ets and spin much tase. Tn ‘ther words, 1” depends cn mas size and how hat mass dstibuted within the body. A neaton stat with heay core and ight outer yes would base {ower "tha one wth the some mass died ‘more evenly throughout the Hinton. Similars 8 inne object wi haves lrgr "than compact body of he sme mas “Love refer to Love's number, which shows how cy ts wngucens neuron aa Oureshape High Love's numbers indicate greater squshiness thn low values (Love's number fname afte the Bt ish mathratician Augustos Edvard Hough Love ‘athe than the human emotion) "0", mean, js the quadrupole moment, which i « mesure of how nom-sphericl the stat A perfectly spherical netrn sarwoll have 2°" sr, but Wt wre Ttmpy or egshnped the number wold be higher, itheasy ogee Dow “Love” and" are elated the squash a neutron stat the more iy 0 be ospriea. Sima, the connection betwen "T= andthe ther wo quan fia, Bat Yl and o-norker determined that not only are thes quan {ies reste, but hey are the only ones We ee 10 desert a neutron sa exterior Eventhough these