6 - Transmisi Daya Electric 22 April 2021

TRANSMISI DAYA ELEKTRIK
Eko Priyono, ST.MT
Chapter VI
Application of Distribution Transformers
22 April 2021
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Mata Kuliah : Transmisi Daya Electric
Bahasan :Application of Distribution Transformers

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peduli yang lain Nama : Eko Priyono,ST,MT.
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PRIYONO 10
Chapter VI Application of Distribution Transformers

Introduction
 In general, distribution transformers are used to reduce primary system voltages (2.4–34.5
kV) to utilization voltages (120–600 V). Table 3.1 gives standard transformer capacity and
voltage ratings according to ANSI Standard C57.12.20-1964 for single-phase distribution
transformers. Secara umum, trafo distribusi digunakan untuk mengurangi tegangan sistem
primer (2,4–34,5 kV) menjadi tegangan pemanfaatan (120–600 V). Tabel 3.1 memberikan
kapasitas transformator standar dan peringkat tegangan menurut Standar ANSI C57.12.20-
1964 untuk transformator distribusi fase tunggal.
 Other voltages are also available, for example, 2400 × 7200, which is used on a 2400 V
system that is to be changed later to 7200 V.
 Tegangan lain juga tersedia, misalnya 2400 × 7200, yang digunakan pada sistem 2400 V
yang nantinya akan diubah menjadi 7200 V.
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 Secondary symbols used are the letter Y, which indicates that the winding is connected or
may be connected in wye, and Gnd Y, which indicates that the winding has one end
grounded to the tank or brought out through a reduced insulation bushing.
 Simbol sekunder yang digunakan adalah huruf Y, yang menunjukkan bahwa belitan
terhubung atau dapat dihubungkan dalam wye, dan Gnd Y, yang menunjukkan bahwa
belitan memiliki salah satu ujung yang di-ground-kan ke tangki atau dibawa keluar melalui
busing insulasi yang dikurangi.
 Windings that are delta connected or may be connected delta are designated by the
voltage of the winding only.
 Belitan yang terhubung delta atau mungkin terhubung delta ditentukan oleh tegangan
belitan saja.
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 In Table 3.1, further information is given by the order in

which the voltages are written for low-voltage (LV) windings.
 Pada Tabel 3.1, informasi lebih lanjut diberikan dengan
urutan penulisan tegangan untuk belitan tegangan rendah
(LV).
 To designate a winding with a mid-tap that will provide half

the full winding kilovoltampere rating at half the full-winding
voltage, the full-winding voltage is written first, followed by a
slant, and then the mid-tap voltage. Untuk menentukan
belitan dengan mid-tap yang akan memberikan setengah
rating kilovoltampere belitan penuh pada setengah dari
tegangan belitan penuh, tegangan belitan penuh ditulis
terlebih dahulu, diikuti oleh kemiringan, dan kemudian
tegangan mid-tap.
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 For example, 240/120 is used for a three-wire

connection to designate a 120 V mid-tap voltage
with a 240 V full-winding voltage.
 Misalnya, 240/120 digunakan untuk sambungan
tiga kabel untuk menunjukkan tegangan keran
tengah 120 V dengan tegangan belitan penuh 240
V.
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 A winding that is appropriate for series, multiple, and three-wire

connections will have the designation of multiple voltage rating
followed by a slant and the series voltage rating, for example,
the notation 120/240 means that the winding is appropriate either
for 120 V multiple connection, for 240 V series connection, and
for 240/120 three-wire connection.
 Belitan yang sesuai untuk sambungan seri, ganda, dan tiga
kabel akan memiliki penunjukan peringkat tegangan berganda
diikuti dengan kemiringan dan peringkat tegangan seri, misalnya,
notasi 120/240 berarti bahwa belitan sesuai baik untuk 120 V
multi koneksi, untuk koneksi seri 240 V, dan untuk koneksi tiga
kabel 240/120.
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 When two voltages are separated by a cross (×), a winding that is

appropriate for both multiple and series connections but not for three-
wire connection is indicated.
 Jika dua tegangan dipisahkan oleh tanda silang (×), belitan yang sesuai
untuk sambungan seri dan ganda tetapi tidak untuk sambungan tiga
kabel diindikasikan.
 The notation 120 × 240 is used to differentiate a winding that can be

used for 120 V multiple connection and 240 V series connection, but not
a three-wire connection. Examples of all symbols used are given in Table
3.2.
 Notasi 120 × 240 digunakan untuk membedakan belitan yang dapat
digunakan untuk sambungan ganda 120 V dan sambungan seri 240 V,
tetapi tidak untuk sambungan tiga kabel. Contoh semua simbol yang
digunakan disajikan pada Tabel 3.2.
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 To reduce installation costs to a minimum, small distribution

transformers are made for pole mounting in overhead distribution.
 Untuk meminimalkan biaya pemasangan, trafo distribusi kecil dibuat
untuk pemasangan tiang pada distribusi overhead.
 To reduce size and weight, preferred oriented steel is commonly used

in their construction.
 Untuk mengurangi ukuran dan berat, baja berorientasi yang lebih
disukai biasanya digunakan dalam konstruksinya.
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 Transformers 100 kVA and below are attached directly to the pole, and
transformers larger than 100 up to 500 kVA are hung on crossbeams
or support lugs.
 Trafo 100 kVA dan di bawahnya dipasang langsung ke tiang, dan trafo
yang lebih besar dari 100 hingga 500 kVA digantung pada balok
melintang atau lugs penyangga.
 If three or more transformers larger than 100 kVA are used, they are
installed on a platform supported by two poles.
 Jika tiga atau lebih trafo yang lebih besar dari 100 kVA digunakan,
trafo tersebut dipasang pada platform yang didukung oleh dua kutub.
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 In underground distribution, transformers are installed in

street vaults, in manholes direct-buried, on pads at
ground level, or within buildings.
 Dalam distribusi bawah tanah, trafo dipasang di kubah
jalan, di lubang got yang langsung dikuburkan, pada
bantalan di permukaan tanah, atau di dalam gedung.
 The type of transformer may depend upon soil content,

lot location, public acceptance, or cost.
 Jenis trafo mungkin tergantung pada kandungan tanah,
lokasi lot, penerimaan publik, atau biaya.
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 The distribution transformers and any secondary service junction devices

are installed within elements, usually placed on either the front or the rear
lot lines of the customer’s premises.
 Trafo distribusi dan perangkat persimpangan layanan sekunder dipasang
di dalam elemen, biasanya ditempatkan di garis lot depan atau belakang
tempat pelanggan.
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 The installation of the equipment to either front or rear locations may be

limited by customer preference, local ordinances, landscape conditions,
etc.
 Pemasangan peralatan di lokasi depan atau belakang mungkin dibatasi
oleh preferensi pelanggan, peraturan setempat, kondisi lanskap, dll.
 The rule of thumb requires that a transformer be centrally located with

respect to the load it supplies in order to provide proper cable economy,
voltage drop, and aesthetic effect.
 Aturan praktisnya mensyaratkan bahwa transformator ditempatkan di
pusat sehubungan dengan beban yang disuplai untuk memberikan
penghematan kabel yang tepat, penurunan tegangan, dan efek estetika.
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 Secondary service junctions for an underground distribution system

can be of the pedestal, hand-hole, or direct-buried splice types.
 Sambungan layanan sekunder untuk sistem distribusi bawah tanah
dapat dari jenis sambungan alas, lubang tangan, atau yang ditanam
langsung.
 No junction is required if the service cables are connected directly

from the distribution transformer to the user’s apparatus.
 Tidak ada sambungan yang diperlukan jika kabel layanan
dihubungkan langsung dari trafo distribusi ke peralatan pengguna.
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 Secondary or service conductors can be either copper or aluminum.

However, in general, aluminum conductors are mostly used for cost savings.
 Konduktor sekunder atau servis dapat berupa tembaga atau aluminium.
Namun, secara umum konduktor aluminium banyak digunakan untuk
penghematan biaya.
 The cables are either single conductor or triplex conductors.

 Kabelnya adalah konduktor tunggal atau konduktor tripleks.
 Neutrals may be either bare or covered, installed separately, or assembled

with the power conductors. Netral dapat telanjang atau tertutup, dipasang
secara terpisah, atau dirakit dengan konduktor daya.
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 All secondary or service conductors are rated 600 V, and their sizes
differ from # 6 AWG to 1000 kcmil.
 Semua konduktor sekunder atau servis memiliki rating 600 V, dan
ukurannya berbeda dari # 6 AWG hingga 1000 kcmil.
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Types of Di stribution Transformers
 Heat is a limiting factor in transformer loading. Removing the coil heat is an important
task.
 Panas merupakan faktor pembatas dalam pembebanan trafo. Menghilangkan panas koil
merupakan tugas penting.
 In liquid-filled types, the transformer coils are immersed in a smooth-surfaced, oil-filled

tank.
 Pada tipe berisi cairan, kumparan transformator dibenamkan dalam tangki berisi minyak
dengan permukaan halus.
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 Oil absorbs the coil heat and transfers it to the tank surface, which, in turn, delivers it to
the surrounding air.
 Oli menyerap panas koil dan mentransfernya ke permukaan tangki, yang pada
gilirannya, mengirimkannya ke udara sekitarnya.
 For transformers 25 kVA and larger, the size of the smooth tank surface required to
dissipate heat becomes larger than that required to enclose the coils.
 Untuk trafo 25 kVA dan lebih besar, ukuran permukaan tangki halus yang diperlukan
untuk menghilangkan panas menjadi lebih besar dari yang dibutuhkan untuk menutup
kumparan.
 Therefore, the transformer tank may be corrugated to add surface, or external tubes may
be welded to the tank.
 Oleh karena itu, tangki transformator dapat bergelombang untuk menambah permukaan,
atau tabung eksternal dapat dilas ke tangki.
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 To further increase the heat-disposal capacity, air may be blown over the tube
surface. Such designs are known as forced air- cooled, with respect to self-
cooled types.
 Untuk lebih meningkatkan kapasitas pembuangan panas, udara dapat
dihembuskan ke atas permukaan tabung. Desain seperti itu dikenal sebagai
forced air-cooled, sehubungan dengan tipe self-cooled.
 Presently, however, all distribution transformers are built to be self-cooled.

 Saat ini, bagaimanapun, semua trafo distribusi dibangun untuk didinginkan
sendiri.
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 Therefore, the distribution transformers can be classified as (1) dry type and (2)
liquid-filled type.
 Oleh karena itu, trafo distribusi dapat diklasifikasikan sebagai (1) tipe kering
dan (2) tipe isi-cairan.
 The dry-type distribution transformers are air-cooled and air-insulated.

 Trafo distribusi tipe kering berpendingin udara dan berinsulasi udara.
 The liquid-filled-type distribution transformers can further be classified as (1) oil

filled and (2) inerteen filled.
 Transformator distribusi tipe-cairan selanjutnya dapat diklasifikasikan sebagai
(1) diisi minyak dan (2) diisi inerteen.
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 The distribution transformers employed in overhead distribution systems can be

categorized as
1. Conventional transformers
2. Completely self-protecting (CSP) transformers
3. Completely self-protecting for secondary banking (CSPB) transformers
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 The conventional transformers have no integral lightning, fault, or overload protective

devices provided as a part of the transformer.
 Transformator konvensional tidak memiliki perangkat proteksi petir, gangguan, atau beban
berlebih yang tidak terpisahkan yang disediakan sebagai bagian dari transformator.
 The CSP transformers are, as the name implies, self-protecting from lightning or line
surges, overloads, and short circuits.
 Transformator CSP, seperti namanya, melindungi diri dari petir atau lonjakan arus, beban
berlebih, dan korsleting.
 Lightning arresters mounted directly on the transformer tank, as shown in Figure 3.1, protect
the primary winding against the lightning and line surges.
 Arester petir dipasang langsung pada tangki transformator, seperti yang ditunjukkan pada
Gambar 3.1, melindungi belitan primer terhadap petir dan lonjakan garis.
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 The overload protection is provided by circuit breakers inside the transformer tank.
 Perlindungan beban berlebih disediakan oleh pemutus sirkuit di dalam tangki transformator.
 The transformer is protected against an internal fault by internal protective links located
between the primary winding and the primary bushing.
 Trafo dilindungi dari gangguan internal dengan sambungan pelindung internal yang terletak
di antara belitan primer dan busing primer.
 Single-phase CSP transformers (oil-immersed, pole mounted, 65°C, 60 Hz, 10–500 kVA)
are available for a range of primary voltages from 2,400 to 34,400 V.
 Transformator CSP fase tunggal (terendam oli, dipasang di tiang, 65 ° C, 60 Hz, 10–500
kVA) tersedia untuk rentang tegangan primer dari 2.400 hingga 34.400 V.
 The secondary voltages are 120/240 or 240/480/277 V.

 Tegangan sekunder adalah 120/240 atau 240/480/277 V.
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 The CSPB distribution transformers are designed for banked

secondary service.
 Trafo distribusi CSPB dirancang untuk layanan sekunder berelok.
 They are built similar to the CSP transformers, but they are provided
with two sets of circuit breakers.
 Mereka dibangun mirip dengan trafo CSP, tetapi mereka dilengkapi
dengan dua set pemutus arus.
 The second set is used to sectionalize the secondary when it is

needed.
 Set kedua digunakan untuk membagi sekunder saat dibutuhkan.
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 The distribution transformers employed in underground distribution systems

can be categorized as:
1. Subway transformers
2. Low-cost residential transformers
3. Network transformers
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 Subway transformers are used in underground vaults. They

can be conventional type or current-protected type.
 Trafo kereta bawah tanah digunakan di brankas bawah tanah.
Mereka bisa tipe konvensional atau tipe yang dilindungi arus.
 Low-cost residential transformers are similar to those

conventional transformers employed in overhead distribution.
 Trafo hunian berbiaya rendah serupa dengan trafo
konvensional yang digunakan dalam distribusi overhead.
 Network transformers are employed in secondary networks.

 Transformator jaringan digunakan di jaringan sekunder.
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 They have the primary disconnecting and grounding switch

and the network protector mounted integrally on the
transformer.
 Mereka memiliki sakelar pemutus dan pentanahan utama
dan pelindung jaringan yang dipasang secara integral pada
transformator.
 They can be either liquid filled, ventilated dry type, or sealed

dry type.
 Mereka dapat berupa cairan terisi, tipe kering berventilasi,
atau tipe kering tertutup.
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 The ABB Corporation developed resibloc dry-type distribution transformers from 112.5
through 25,000 kVA, and from 2,300 through 34.5 kV primary voltage level and 120 V
through 15 kV secondary voltage level.
 ABB Corporation mengembangkan trafo distribusi tipe kering resibloc dari 112,5 hingga
25.000 kVA, dan dari level tegangan primer 2.300 hingga 34.5 kV dan level tegangan
sekunder 120 V hingga 15 kV.
 Such transformers have windings that are hermetically cast in epoxy without the use of mold.
 Trafo semacam itu memiliki belitan yang dicetak kedap udara dalam epoksi tanpa
menggunakan cetakan.
 The epoxy insulation system is reinforced by a special glass fiber roving technique that binds
the coil together into virtual winding block.
 Sistem isolasi epoksi diperkuat dengan teknik penjelajahan serat kaca khusus yang
mengikat kumparan menjadi blok lilitan virtual.
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 As a result, they have unsurpassed mechanical strength with design optimization through
25,000 kVA. Figure 3.2 shows such resibloc network transformer.
 Hasilnya, mereka memiliki kekuatan mekanis yang tak tertandingi dengan pengoptimalan
desain hingga 25.000 kVA. Gambar 3.2 menunjukkan trafo jaringan resibloc tersebut.
 Figure 3.3 shows a dry-type pole-mounted resibloc transformer.

 Gambar 3.3 menunjukkan trafo resibloc yang dipasang di tiang tipe kering.
 Figure 3.4 shows a dry-type resibloc network transformer.

 Gambar 3.4 menunjukkan transformator jaringan resiblok tipe kering.
 Figure 3.5 shows an outdoor three-phase dry-type resibloc transformer.

 Gambar 3.5 menunjukkan transformator resiblok tipe kering tiga fase luar ruangan.
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 Figure 3.6 shows a pad-mount-type single-phase resibloc transformer. Figure 3.7

shows a pad-mount three-phase resibloc transformer.
 Gambar 3.6 menunjukkan transformator resibloc fase tunggal tipe pad-mount.
Gambar 3.7 menunjukkan transformator resiblok tiga fase yang dipasang di
bantalan.
 Figure 3.8 shows an arch flash-resistant dry type three-phase resibloc transformer.
Figure 3.9 shows a TRIDRY dry-type resibloc transformer.
 Gambar 3.8 menunjukkan transformator resibloc tiga fase tipe kering tahan-lampu
lengkung. Gambar 3.9 menunjukkan trafo resiblok tipe kering TRIDRY.
 Figure 3.10 shows a VPI dry resibloc transformer. Figure 3.11 shows a pad-mount
installation of three-phase resibloc transformer.
 Gambar 3.10 menunjukkan transformator resibloc kering VPI. Gambar 3.11
menunjukkan pemasangan pad-mount transformator resibloc tiga fase.
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 These resibloc transformers provide the ultimate withstand to thermal and mechanical
stresses from severe climates, cycling loads, and short circuit forces.
 Trafo resiblok ini memberikan ketahanan tertinggi terhadap tekanan termal dan
mekanis dari iklim yang parah, beban siklus, dan gaya hubung singkat.
 The epoxy insulation system is highly resistant to moisture, freezing, and chemicals,
and is used in most demanding applications.
 Sistem insulasi epoksi sangat tahan terhadap kelembapan, pembekuan, dan bahan
kimia, dan digunakan dalam sebagian besar aplikasi yang menuntut.
 Such transformers are nonexplosive with resistance to flame and do not require
vaults, containment dikes,or expensive fire suppression systems.
 Trafo semacam itu tidak eksplosif dengan ketahanan terhadap nyala api dan tidak
memerlukan kubah, tanggul penahanan, atau sistem pemadaman kebakaran yang
mahal.
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 Primary basic impulse insulation level (BIL) is up to 150

kV and secondary BIL is up to 75 kV.
 Tingkat isolasi impuls dasar primer (BIL) hingga 150 kV
dan BIL sekunder hingga 75 kV.
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 They can withstand a temperature rise of 80°C. They have no

danger of fire and explosion and have no liquids to leak.
 Mereka dapat menahan kenaikan suhu 80 ° C. Tidak ada
bahaya kebakaran dan ledakan serta tidak ada cairan yang
bocor.
 Thus, they require minimal maintenance.

 Jadi, mereka membutuhkan perawatan minimal.
 They can be used indoor and outdoor enclosures.

 Mereka dapat digunakan kandang dalam dan luar ruangan.
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 The resibloc transformers will not ignite during an

electrical arc of nominal duration.
 Transformator resibloc tidak akan menyala selama
busur listrik dengan durasi nominal.
 If ignited with a direct flame, resibloc will self-

extinguish when the flame is removed.
 Jika dinyalakan dengan nyala api langsung, resibloc
akan padam dengan sendirinya saat nyala api
dihilangkan.
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 Resibloc transformers are utilized in some of the harshest

indoor and outdoor environments imaginable.
 Trafo Resibloc digunakan di beberapa lingkungan dalam dan
luar ruangan yang paling keras yang bisa dibayangkan.
 However, while core and coil technologies have been

enhanced to combat caustic and humid environments, resibloc
transformers still require the protection of a properly designed
enclosure.
 Namun, sementara teknologi inti dan kumparan telah
ditingkatkan untuk memerangi lingkungan kaustik dan lembab,
transformator resibloc masih memerlukan perlindungan
penutup yang dirancang dengan benar.
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 An enclosure that flexes or bends under high wind

loading can compromise electrical clearances from
the transformer to the enclosure, which can lead to
transformer failures as well as electrical safety
hazards.
 Selungkup yang lentur atau bengkok di bawah
beban angin kencang dapat mengganggu jarak
bebas listrik dari transformator ke selungkup, yang
dapat menyebabkan kegagalan transformator serta
bahaya keselamatan listrik.
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 For example, an enclosure that allows excess water

entry into it also poses unique risk.
 Misalnya, selungkup yang memungkinkan air berlebih
masuk ke dalamnya juga menimbulkan risiko unik.
 Such enclosure designs have been used along coastal

areas and frigid northern slopes where high winds and
driving rain are common.
 Desain penutup seperti itu telah digunakan di
sepanjang daerah pesisir dan lereng utara yang dingin
di mana angin kencang dan hujan deras biasa terjadi.
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 They can be also supplied with forced air cooling.

 Mereka juga dapat dipasok dengan pendinginan udara
paksa.
 The temperature sensors are located in the LV windings

and are connected to the three-phase winding
temperature monitor that controls the forced air cooling
automatically.
 Sensor suhu terletak di belitan LV dan terhubung ke
monitor suhu belitan tiga fase yang mengontrol
pendinginan udara paksa secara otomatis.
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 Figure 3.12 shows various types of transformers.

 Gambar 3.12 menunjukkan berbagai jenis trafo.
 Figure 3.12a shows a typical secondary-unit substation

with the high voltage (HV) and the LV on opposite ends
and full-length flanges for close coupling to HV and LV
switchgears.
 Gambar 3.12a menunjukkan gardu induk unit sekunder
tipikal dengan tegangan tinggi (HV) dan LV di ujung yang
berlawanan dan flensa panjang penuh untuk kopling
dekat ke switchgear HV dan LV.
61
 These units are normally made in sizes from 75 to 2500 kVA,

three-phase, to 35 kV class. A typical single-phase pole-type
transformer for a normal utility application is shown in Figure
3.12b.
 Unit ini biasanya dibuat dalam ukuran mulai dari 75 hingga
2500 kVA, tiga fase, hingga kelas 35 kV. Trafo tipe tiang fasa
tunggal untuk aplikasi utilitas normal ditunjukkan pada Gambar
3.12b.
 These are made from 10 to 500 kVA for delta and wye systems
(one-bushing or two-bushing HV).
 Ini dibuat dari 10 hingga 500 kVA untuk sistem delta dan wye
(HV satu busing atau dua bushing).
62
 Figure 3.12c shows a typical single-phase pad-mounted (minipad) utility-type

transformer.
 Gambar 3.12c menunjukkan transformator tipe utilitas yang dipasang pada
bantalan fase tunggal (minipad).
 These are made from 10 to 167 kVA.

 Ini dibuat dari 10 hingga 167 kVA.
 They are designed to do the same function as the pole type except they are for
the underground distribution system where all cables are below grade.
 Mereka dirancang untuk melakukan fungsi yang sama dengan jenis tiang
kecuali untuk sistem distribusi bawah tanah di mana semua kabel di bawah
kerataan.
63
 A typical three phase pad-mounted (stan-pad) transformer used by

utilities as well as industrial and commercial applications is shown in
Figure 3.12d.
 Trafo (stan-pad) yang dipasang pada bantalan tiga fase yang
digunakan oleh utilitas serta aplikasi industri dan komersial
ditunjukkan pada Gambar 3.12d.
 They are made from 45 to 2500 kVA normally, but have been made to
5000 kVA on special applications.
 Biasanya dibuat dari 45 hingga 2.500 kVA, tetapi telah dibuat hingga
5.000 kVA pada aplikasi khusus.
 They are also designed for underground service.

 Mereka juga dirancang untuk layanan bawah tanah.
64
 Figure 3.13 shows various types of transformers.

 Gambar 3.13 menunjukkan berbagai jenis trafo.
 Figure 3.13a shows a typical three-phase subsurface-vault-type

transformer used in utility applications in vaults below grade where there
is no room to place the transformer elsewhere.
 Gambar 3.13a menunjukkan transformator tipe kubah bawah permukaan
tiga fase yang digunakan dalam aplikasi utilitas pada kubah di bawah
permukaan tanah di mana tidak ada ruang untuk menempatkan
transformator di tempat lain.
65
 These units are made for 75–2500 kVA and are made of a
heavier-gage steel, special heavy corrugated radiators for
cooling, and a special coal-tar type of paint.
 Unit-unit ini dibuat untuk 75–2500 kVA dan terbuat dari
baja pengukur yang lebih berat, radiator bergelombang
berat khusus untuk pendinginan, dan jenis cat tar
batubara khusus.
66
67
 A typical mobile transformer is shown in Figure 3.13b.

 Trafo seluler tipikal ditunjukkan pada Gambar 3.13b.
 These units are made for emergency applications and to allow utilities to
reduce inventory.
 Unit ini dibuat untuk aplikasi darurat dan untuk memungkinkan utilitas
mengurangi persediaan.
 They are made typically for 500–2500 kVA.

 Biasanya dibuat untuk 500–2500 kVA.
 They can be used on underground service as well as overhead service.

 Mereka dapat digunakan pada layanan bawah tanah serta layanan
overhead.
68
 Normally they can have two or three primary voltages and two or three secondary voltages,
so they may be used on any system the utility may have.
 Biasanya mereka dapat memiliki dua atau tiga tegangan primer dan dua atau tiga tegangan
sekunder, sehingga dapat digunakan pada sistem apa pun yang mungkin dimiliki utilitas.
 For an emergency outage, this unit is simply driven to the site, hooked up, and the power to
the site is restored.
 Untuk pemadaman darurat, unit ini hanya diarahkan ke situs, dihubungkan, dan daya ke
situs dipulihkan.
 This allows time to analyze and repair the failed unit.

 Ini memberikan waktu untuk menganalisis dan memperbaiki unit yang gagal.
 Figure 3.13c shows a typical power transformer.

 Gambar 3.13c menunjukkan trafo daya tipikal.
69
 This class of unit is manufactured from 3700 kVA to 30 MVA up to

about 138 kV class.
 Unit kelas ini diproduksi dari 3700 kVA hingga 30 MVA hingga kelas
sekitar 138 kV.
 The picture shows removable radiators to allow for a smaller size

during shipment, and fans for increased capacity when required,
including an automatic on-load tap changer that changes as the
voltage varies.
 Gambar menunjukkan radiator yang dapat dilepas untuk
memungkinkan ukuran yang lebih kecil selama pengiriman, dan
kipas untuk meningkatkan kapasitas bila diperlukan, termasuk
pengubah keran beban otomatis yang berubah saat voltase
bervariasi.
70
 Table 3.3 presents electrical characteristics of typical single-phase

distribution transformers.
 Tabel 3.3 menyajikan karakteristik kelistrikan dari trafo distribusi fasa
tunggal.
 Table 3.4 gives electrical characteristics of typical three-phase pad-

mounted transformers.
 Tabel 3.4 memberikan karakteristik kelistrikan dari transformator yang
dipasang pada bantalan tiga fase.
 (For more accurate values, consult the individual manufacturer’s

catalogs.)
 (Untuk nilai yang lebih akurat, lihat katalog masing-masing produsen.)
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
Next chapter
80
WARNING
1. IQRO = Belajar
2. Belajar mencegah PLBT, Planga-plongo, Gaji kecil.
3. Keep On Learning Guys
PLAN YOUR W ORK & W ORK YOUR PLAN , EKO 8

PRIYONO 1
PLAN YOUR W ORK & W ORK YOUR PLAN , EKO 8
PRIYONO 2

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TRANSMISI DAYA ELEKTRIK

Eko Priyono, ST.MT

Application of Distribution Transformers

INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BUDI UTOMO

PLAN YOUR WORK & WORK YOUR PLAN , EKO

Sinau Bareng via Zoom Meeting

Kuliah Teknik Elektro SMT VI

Mata Kuliah : Transmisi Daya Electric

Bahasan :Application of Distribution Transformers

Kamis 22 April 2021 jam 20.00 s/d 22.00 WIB

PLAN YOUR WORK & WORK YOUR PLAN , EKO

I give you nothing but

PLAN YOUR WORK & WORK YOUR PLAN , EKO

• Kernet Bus Mayasari Bakti ( P26 & P 9BC )

 PLAN YOUR WORK & WORK YOUR PLAN

If They Don’t Know : Let’s Learn Together

PLAN YOUR WORK & WORK YOUR PLAN , EKO 8

PLAN YOUR W ORK & W ORK YOUR PLAN , EKO

 Its time to say I amPLBT so I have to learn about it, to makes me

 So if you have a problem just say PLBT and I have to Learn ha ha ha ha

 Ngerti apa ora rikane sooooooon wkwkwkwkwwk

PLAN YOUR W ORK & W ORK YOUR PLAN , EKO

Chapter VI Application of Distribution Transformers

 In Table 3.1, further information is given by the order in

 To designate a winding with a mid-tap that will provide half

 For example, 240/120 is used for a three-wire

 A winding that is appropriate for series, multiple, and three-wire

 When two voltages are separated by a cross (×), a winding that is

 The notation 120 × 240 is used to differentiate a winding that can be

 To reduce installation costs to a minimum, small distribution

 To reduce size and weight, preferred oriented steel is commonly used

 In underground distribution, transformers are installed in

 The type of transformer may depend upon soil content,

 The distribution transformers and any secondary service junction devices

 The installation of the equipment to either front or rear locations may be

 The rule of thumb requires that a transformer be centrally located with

 Secondary service junctions for an underground distribution system

 No junction is required if the service cables are connected directly

 Secondary or service conductors can be either copper or aluminum.

 The cables are either single conductor or triplex conductors.

 Neutrals may be either bare or covered, installed separately, or assembled

Types of Di stribution Transformers

 In liquid-filled types, the transformer coils are immersed in a smooth-surfaced, oil-filled

 Presently, however, all distribution transformers are built to be self-cooled.

 The dry-type distribution transformers are air-cooled and air-insulated.

 The liquid-filled-type distribution transformers can further be classified as (1) oil

 The distribution transformers employed in overhead distribution systems can be

 The conventional transformers have no integral lightning, fault, or overload protective

 The secondary voltages are 120/240 or 240/480/277 V.

 The CSPB distribution transformers are designed for banked

 The second set is used to sectionalize the secondary when it is

 The distribution transformers employed in underground distribution systems

 Subway transformers are used in underground vaults. They

 Low-cost residential transformers are similar to those

 Network transformers are employed in secondary networks.

 They have the primary disconnecting and grounding switch

 They can be either liquid filled, ventilated dry type, or sealed

 Figure 3.3 shows a dry-type pole-mounted resibloc transformer.

 Figure 3.4 shows a dry-type resibloc network transformer.

 Figure 3.5 shows an outdoor three-phase dry-type resibloc transformer.

 Figure 3.6 shows a pad-mount-type single-phase resibloc transformer. Figure 3.7

 Primary basic impulse insulation level (BIL) is up to 150