Republic of the Philippines

CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE

F. Pimentel Avenue, Brgy. 2, Daet, Camarines Norte

GRADUATE SCHOOL
PA 216 – DEVELOPMENT PLANNING AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
Second Semester, AY 2021-2022
Prelim Examination

Name: ERIC JOHN R. NEMI Score: _______

Course, Year Level & Block/Section: Master in Public Administration Date: ________

1. DEFINE DEVELOPMENT PLANNING (20 POINTS).

This term is defined as a primary managerial activity that specifies the

objectives to achieve in future and selects the alternative action to reach defined
objectives. This is focused on the primary function of management and on the
future course of action. It is also known as economic planning of a nation.

It also refers to the strategic measurable goals that a person, organization

or community plans to meet within a certain amount of time. Usually, the
development plan includes time-based benchmarks.

It is essential that planning should lead to developmental planning

because, it would be well-monitored actions that will guarantee achievement of
the targets and it generally also includes the criteria that will be used to evaluate
whether or not the goals were actually met.

2. DISCUSS “DEVELOPMENT PLANNING ESTABLISHES AN

OVERALL STRATEGY FOR ACHIEVING ORGANIZATIONAL
GOALS” (20 POINTS).

This can be an overall strategy for achieving organizational that is used to

set priorities, focus energy and resources, strengthen operations, ensure that
employees and other stakeholders are working toward common goals, establish
agreement around intended outcomes/results, and assess and adjust the
organizations. This could also be effective because as how it is perceived it is
organized, therefore, actions, results, which are not according to plan could be
resolved instantly.

Simple planning such as thinking and exploring possibilities, stating its course
of actions would not be enough. This is where developmental planning comes
in. Through this, a step-by-step planning to execution will be done. This will
start from brainstorming, planning proper, establishing the expected output,
plotting the schedules and activities, to its implementation and evaluation.

3. ENUMERATE THE PURPOSES OF PLANNING. EXPLAIN EACH. (20

POINTS).

i. To provide direction -

Seeing the work that you do in the context of the bigger picture and
taking a long-term view, planning provides direction to administrators, heads of
units and managers as well as to their subordinates. When employees know
what their organization or work unit is trying to accomplish and what they must
contribute in order to reach goals, they can coordinate their activities, cooperate
with each other and do what it takes to accomplish those goals. Without
planning, these might work at cross-purpose and prevent the organization from
efficiently achieving goals.

ii. To reduce / offset uncertainty and change –

A good plan provides for and takes care of all future uncertainties, and
thus, minimizes business risk. Planning anticipates future events and sets the
course of action to control those events to one's advantage. Planning reduces
uncertainty by forcing managers to look ahead, anticipate change, consider the
impact of change, and develop appropriate response. Although planning won’t
eliminate uncertainty, managers plan so they can respond efficiently. Future is
always full of uncertainties and changes. Planning foresees the future and makes
the necessary provisions for it.

iii. To minimize waste and redundancy –

Planning Minimizes waste and redundancy. When work activity is

coordinated around establishing plans, wasted time and resources redundancy
can be minimized, inefficiency becomes obvious and can be corrected and
eliminated.

Planning ensures that goals and objectives are clearly defined so that,
they act as a guide for deciding what action should be taken and in which
direction. Number of workforces will be managed because work will be done
according to its plan. Also, more rooms for creative and application of new
ideas.

iv. To set the standards to make control effective –

When we plan, we always foresee the ideal. Because of developmental

planning, this could be possible. Heads of units could have the control in what
will happen in every step of the planning. With goals that are distinct, we could
measure and evaluate the work effort. The controlling function of management
relates to the comparison of the planned performance with the actual
performance. In the absence of plans, a management will have no standards for
controlling other’s performance.

4. DISCUSS THE ELEMENTS OF PLANNING. GIVE EXAMPLES (20

POINTS).

 Desired outcomes for individuals, groups, or entire organizations.

 We start from a vision, trimmed it down to our mission, and listing then into
goals and objects. This is how we plan, we think of the big outcome and
trimmed them down into smaller variables to make them achievable. From our
expected output in a year, we list everything that should be accomplished in a
year, every month, every week, and even every day. In this sense, we see to it
that it will be achieved little by little.

For example, in our organization, as a big unit, the Philippine National

Police we have our plan as a whole, then this will be cascaded to regional scope,
then provincial, then per unit/office until to each one of us. We might have a big
target but because it is well planned it is achievable because its distribution is
giving everyone a part of these responsibilities and duties.

 Provide direction and evaluation performance criteria

As we set out plan, we set our criteria, and as the plan is being executed, we
are comparing the actual from our plans. Therefore, we are evaluating our
performance if whether or not our job responsibilities contributing to the
accomplishment of organizational goals are being fulfilled.

For example:

Example for this is our Individual Scorecard. The items listed on this are
cascaded from the plans of our unit. These are the target that are expected for us
to achieve at the end of its coverage. The process of translating the updated
strategy into the agency. As this is our guide, we can be able to check always of
actions are still in accordance to our targets and how efficient and with quality
we are accomplishing them.
5. ENUMERATE THE DEVELOPMENT PLANNING PROCESS. EXPLAIN
EACH. (20 POINTS)

 Gathering and processing of data about the community

Gathering of data from the grassroots, involved persons and the

community itself considering as well its stakeholders guarantees that the
arising problems will be addressed according and appropriately. Data
collection and analysis can help social sector agencies identify meaningful
trends across populations. They can also help programs hone in on narrowly
defined geographic areas — such as counties, cities and even neighborhoods
— to more clearly understand the unique challenges and resources in each
community. All possible data are needed to have a baseline, basis and
evidence in crafting the plans. These data should be verified and considered
facts.

 Determining and prioritizing the needs and problems to be addressed

It is said that during the pre-evaluation and planning a lot of things

will come out, including problems and things that should be addressed. But
in reality, every organization has its limitation, thus, prioritization is needed.
Which are the things considered as urgent and which are the things with
greater impact against to those concerns which could be listed on the last
part, not neglecting them, but just giving way to which with heavier weight.

 Identifying development opportunities which can be harnessed toward

the realization of better quality of life.

There are different things you can do to improve your life's quality.
You have to start with being optimistic, living in the present, understanding
what you want out of life, celebrating yourself, loving yourself, appreciating
your uniqueness, and then connecting with other people. Better quality of
life will always be our end goal. And, proper planning will take us there,
maybe not exactly as how we see it and not as smooth as how we will be
expecting it, but at least going to that direction.