Formula Sheet = work done by pump

Fluid Dynamics (Post mid Syllabus)

= Momentum
Pump Head Equations correction factor

= Pressure (SI unit)

= − = + + − + + = Height
2 2
= Velocity
H (head) is in units of J/kg
For American units, divide static and kinetic head term with gc

Power Requirement: = Power required

by pump
̇
= ̇ = = ̇ Δ
̇ = mass flow rate

= = = Power supplied
by pump

NPSH = vapor pressure of

. liquid
= −ℎ − .
= absolute pressure at
reservoir

ℎ = friction in suction
Subtract velocity head from the result to find more accurate value line

Hf = friction head
Critical Cavitation
Hs = static suction head

= Hv = vapor pressure head

ℎ
Hatm = atmospheric
NPSH = Hatm – Hf –Hv - Hs pressure head

Blowers and Compressors

Tb, Ta = outlet and
For isentropic (adiabatic and frictionless) pressure change of an ideal gas, the inlet temperatures
temperature relation is:
pa, pb = corresponding
pressures
= = heat capacity ratio
Cp/Cv
 Adiabatic Compression

= = work delivered

= density at inlet

= −1
( − 1)

= work delievered
Isothermal Compression
= Temperature at inlet
= = ln = Ideal Gas Constant

M = Molar Mass

Polytrophic Compression

= Where n is a constant, it can be calculated by =

Power Equation = Brake horsepower

For American Unit System (power required)

For Adiabatic Compression: = Temperature at inlet

(Rankin oR)
0.0643 × = efficiency
= −1
520( − 1) = specific heat ratio
For Isothermal Compression: = volume of compressed
gas (STD ft3/min)
. ×
= ln
For SI Unit System = Power Required (kW)
= Temperature at inlet (Kelvin
For Adiabatic Compression:
K)

= efficiency
. ×
= ( )
−1 = specific heat ratio
= volume of compressed gas
(STD m3/s) evaluated at 0 oC and
760 mmHg
For Isothermal Compression:
. ×
= ln
Venturi Meter Formulae
( )
= ̇ =
= average downstream
velocity

= diameter ratio
Chapter 9: Agitation and Mixing = venture coefficient
Standard Turbine Design = area of throat

= = = =

= = = =

= = = =

Flow Number = = flow number

= = tip ratio V2’/u2

Da = size of impeller
Power of Impeller and Power Number
n = number of rotations in
unit time
=
2 Np = Power Number

Divide the right side by gc in case of =

American unit system, and Da = size of impeller

n = number of rotations in unit

= time

Np = Power Number
Power Correlations NRe = Reynolds’s Number

NFr = Froude’s Number

S1, S2….Sn = Shape Factors

 = ( , , , , )
= ( , , , ……. )

Where = and =

Equations for Unbaffled Tanks

At higher Reynolds’s Number, Froude’s number has an effect
=

Modified Power Number m = exponent of Froude

number
= ( , , ……. )
Np = Power Number
NRe = Reynolds’s Number
Where =
NFr = Froude’s Number
S1, S2….Sn = Shape Factors

Calculation of Power Consumption

=

= = Power consumed
Divide right side by gc in case of American Units
= Power number
For NRe < 10, n = number of revolutions in
unit time
Np = KL / NRe So =
= viscosity
For NRe > 10000
KT , KL = Constants
NP = KT = NRe = Reynolds Number

Note: In case you are using American Units, make sure to divide by gc where it is mentioned

Equations for Non Newtonian Fluids

For power law fluids

µa = K( ) NRe,n = n’ = flow behavior index of

non Newtonian fluid
K’ = flow consistency index
of non Newtonian fluid
( ) = 11n Ren =
• Mixing time can be predicted from the correlations for total flow produced by various impellers.
For standard six Blade turbine

Norwood and Metzner Equation

H = depth of liquid in vessel

tT = blending time

Da = diameter of impeller
Fox and Grex Equation
Dt = tank diameter

V = volume

q = volumetric flow rate

n = rotational speed