DISTILLATION PRACTICES

SIMPLE PRESSURE CONTROL

DISTILLATION PRACTICES

SIMPLE PRESSURE CONTROL

1 Vent to atmosphere

2 Cooling water

3 Flooded condenser (1)

4 Flooded condenser (2)

5 Partial condenser
DISTILLATION PRACTICES
2 Cooling water
CONDENSER

1 Vent to atmosphere EXTERNAL

DISTILLATION
COLUMN
REFLUX
ATM 3 Flooded condenser (1)
WATER

REFLUX DRUM 4 Flooded condenser (2)

Vapor
5 Partial condenser
FEED
Liquid DISTILLATE

REBOILER

RESIDUE
DISTILLATION PRACTICES
1 Vent to atmosphere
PC CONDENSER

2 Cooling water EXTERNAL

DISTILLATION REFLUX
COLUMN 3 Flooded condenser (1)
WATER

REFLUX DRUM 4 Flooded condenser (2)

Vapor
5 Partial condenser
FEED
Liquid DISTILLATE

REBOILER

RESIDUE
DISTILLATION PRACTICES
1 Vent to atmosphere
PC CONDENSER

EXTERNAL
DISTILLATION REFLUX
COLUMN WATER 2 Cooling water

REFLUX DRUM 4 Flooded condenser (2)

Vapor
5 Partial condenser
FEED
Liquid DISTILLATE

REBOILER

3 Flooded condenser (1) RESIDUE

DISTILLATION PRACTICES
1 Vent to atmosphere
PC CONDENSER

EXTERNAL
DISTILLATION REFLUX
COLUMN WATER 2 Cooling water
closed

REFLUX DRUM 4 Flooded condenser (2)

Vapor
5 Partial
Flooded condenser (1) condenser
FEED
Liquid DISTILLATE

REBOILER

3 Flooded condenser (1) RESIDUE

DISTILLATION PRACTICES
1 Vent to atmosphere
PC CONDENSER

EXTERNAL
DISTILLATION REFLUX
COLUMN WATER 2 Cooling water
open

REFLUX DRUM 4 Flooded condenser (2)

Vapor
5 Partial
Flooded condenser (1) condenser
FEED
Liquid DISTILLATE

REBOILER

3 Flooded condenser (1) RESIDUE

DISTILLATION PRACTICES
1 Vent to atmosphere
PC CONDENSER

EXTERNAL
DISTILLATION REFLUX
COLUMN WATER 2 Cooling water
open

REFLUX DRUM 4 Flooded condenser (2)

Vapor
5 Partial
Flooded condenser (1) condenser
FEED
Liquid DISTILLATE

REBOILER

3 Flooded condenser (1) RESIDUE

DISTILLATION PRACTICES
1 Vent to atmosphere
PC CONDENSER

EXTERNAL
DISTILLATION REFLUX
COLUMN WATER 2 Cooling water
open

REFLUX DRUM 4 Flooded condenser (2)

Vapor
5 Partial
Flooded condenser (1) condenser
FEED
Liquid DISTILLATE

REBOILER

3 Flooded condenser (1) RESIDUE

DISTILLATION PRACTICES
1 Vent to atmosphere

EXTERNAL PC
DISTILLATION REFLUX
COLUMN 2 Cooling water

REFLUX DRUM 3 Flooded condenser (1)

CONDENSER

Vapor
5 Partial condenser
FEED
Liquid DISTILLATE

REBOILER

4 Flooded condenser (2) RESIDUE

DISTILLATION PRACTICES
1 Vent to atmosphere

EXTERNAL open PC
DISTILLATION REFLUX
COLUMN 2 Cooling water

REFLUX DRUM 3 Flooded condenser (1)

CONDENSER

Vapor
5 Partial condenser
FEED
Liquid DISTILLATE

REBOILER

4 Flooded condenser (2) RESIDUE

DISTILLATION PRACTICES
1 Vent to atmosphere

EXTERNAL open PC
DISTILLATION REFLUX
COLUMN 2 Cooling water

REFLUX DRUM 3 Flooded condenser (1)

CONDENSER

Vapor
5 Partial
Flooded condenser (2) condenser
FEED
Liquid DISTILLATE

REBOILER

4 Flooded condenser (2) RESIDUE

DISTILLATION PRACTICES
1 Vent to atmosphere

EXTERNAL closed PC
DISTILLATION REFLUX
COLUMN 2 Cooling water

REFLUX DRUM 3 Flooded condenser (1)

CONDENSER

Vapor
5 Partial condenser
FEED
Liquid DISTILLATE

REBOILER

4 Flooded condenser (2) RESIDUE

DISTILLATION PRACTICES

COMPLEX PRESSURE CONTROL

DISTILLATION PRACTICES

COMPLEX PRESSURE CONTROL

Temperature profile

T’puts of vapors and liquids

Pressure variations must be :
OPERATING
Distillate & Residue quality  mitigated
PRESSURE
 minimized
Heat transfer

Thermal balance
DISTILLATION PRACTICES

COMPLEX PRESSURE CONTROL

1 Column overhead pressure

PC OPERATING
DISTILLATION
EXTERNAL
REFLUX
CONDENSER
PRESSURE
COLUMN

REFLUX DRUM

Vapor

FEED
Liquid DISTILLATE

M
REBOILER

RESIDUE
DISTILLATION PRACTICES

COMPLEX PRESSURE CONTROL

1 Column overhead pressure

OPERATING
2 Column bottom pressure DISTILLATION
EXTERNAL
REFLUX
CONDENSER
PRESSURE
COLUMN

REFLUX DRUM

Vapor

FEED
Liquid DISTILLATE

PC

M
REBOILER

RESIDUE
DISTILLATION PRACTICES

COMPLEX PRESSURE CONTROL

1 Column overhead pressure

OPERATING
2 Column bottom pressure DISTILLATION
EXTERNAL
REFLUX
CONDENSER
PC PRESSURE
COLUMN

REFLUX DRUM

3 Reflux drum pressure

Vapor

FEED
Liquid DISTILLATE

M
REBOILER

RESIDUE
DISTILLATION PRACTICES

COMPLEX PRESSURE CONTROL

1 Column overhead pressure

OPERATING
2 Column bottom pressure DISTILLATION
EXTERNAL
REFLUX
CONDENSER
PRESSURE
COLUMN

REFLUX DRUM

3 Reflux drum pressure

Vapor

FEED
DISTILLATE
4 Tray pressure PC
Liquid

M
REBOILER

RESIDUE
DISTILLATION PRACTICES

CONDENSER

PC

DISTILLATION
COLUMN

REFLUX DRUM

OPTION #1
DISTILLATION PRACTICES

CONDENSER

PC
PC
DISTILLATION
COLUMN

REFLUX DRUM

OPTION #2
DISTILLATION PRACTICES

CONDENSER

PC
PC
PDC
DISTILLATION
COLUMN

REFLUX DRUM

OPTION #3
DISTILLATION PRACTICES

CONDENSER

Vent

PC 2

DISTILLATION
COLUMN

REFLUX DRUM

OPTION #4
DISTILLATION PRACTICES

CONDENSER

100
Vent
90
PC 2
80 2
70
DISTILLATION
COLUMN
60
Valve opening

50

40 REFLUX DRUM
30

20
1
10

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Controller output

OPTION #4
DISTILLATION PRACTICES

CONDENSER

Vent

PC 2

DISTILLATION
COLUMN

REFLUX DRUM

OPTION #4
DISTILLATION PRACTICES

SPLIT SCALES

NON
SYMMETRICAL

Valve 1 Valve 2

0% 50% 100%

CONTROLLER OP SCALE (%)

DISTILLATION PRACTICES

SPLIT SCALES

OVERLAP
Valve 2

Valve 1

0% 50% 100%

CONTROLLER OP SCALE (%)

DISTILLATION PRACTICES

SPLIT SCALES

DISJOINTED
AREA

Valve 1 Valve 2

0% 50% 100%

CONTROLLER OP SCALE (%)

DISTILLATION PRACTICES

OVERHEAD COMPOSITION CONTROL

DISTILLATION PRACTICES

OVERHEAD COMPOSITION CONTROL

CONDENSER
1 Reflux rate EXTERNAL
DISTILLATION REFLUX
COLUMN

2 Reflux ratio
REFLUX DRUM

3 Distillate rate Vapor

FEED
Liquid DISTILLATE

M
REBOILER

RESIDUE
DISTILLATION PRACTICES

CONDENSER

1 Reflux rate EXTERNAL

DISTILLATION REFLUX
COLUMN

REFLUX DRUM

Vapor

FEED
Liquid DISTILLATE

2 Reflux ratio
M
REBOILER

3 Distillate rate
RESIDUE
DISTILLATION PRACTICES

PC CONDENSER

1 Reflux rate EXTERNAL

DISTILLATION REFLUX
COLUMN

LC
REFLUX DRUM

Vapor

FEED
Liquid DISTILLATE
FC

2 Reflux ratio
M
REBOILER

3 Distillate rate
RESIDUE
DISTILLATION PRACTICES

PC CONDENSER

2 Reflux ratio EXTERNAL

DISTILLATION REFLUX
COLUMN

LC
REFLUX DRUM

Vapor

FEED
Liquid DISTILLATE
FC RC FC

1 Reflux rate
M
REBOILER

3 Distillate rate
RESIDUE
DISTILLATION PRACTICES

PC CONDENSER

3 Distillate rate EXTERNAL

DISTILLATION REFLUX
COLUMN

LC
REFLUX DRUM

Vapor

FEED
Liquid DISTILLATE
FC

1 Reflux rate
M
REBOILER

2 Reflux ratio
RESIDUE
DISTILLATION PRACTICES

ALTERNATIVE CONTROL STRATEGIES

DISTILLATION PRACTICES

ALTERNATIVE CONTROL STRATEGIES

1 Pressure, Overhead Rate and Composition

2 Pressure, Bottom Rate and Composition

3 Pressure, Bottom Rate and Overhead Composition with Partial Condenser

4 Pressure, Overhead Rate and Bottom Composition

5 Pressure, Bottom Rate, Overhead Rate and Composition

DISTILLATION PRACTICES

PC CONDENSER
1 Pressure,
Overhead Rate DISTILLATION
EXTERNAL
REFLUX

and Composition COLUMN

REFLUX DRUM

Vapor

FEED FC

Liquid DISTILLATE
AC

M
REBOILER

RESIDUE
DISTILLATION PRACTICES

PC CONDENSER
2 Pressure,
Bottom Rate DISTILLATION
EXTERNAL
REFLUX

and Composition COLUMN

REFLUX DRUM

Vapor

FEED
Liquid DISTILLATE

M
REBOILER

AC FC Main product
RESIDUE
DISTILLATION PRACTICES

PC
3 Pressure,
Bottom Rate EXTERNAL

OVERHEAD
DISTILLATION REFLUX

and Ovhd Composition COLUMN

VAPOR
with Partial Condenser CONDENSER

Vapor
FC
FEED
Liquid

M
REBOILER

FC

RESIDUE
DISTILLATION PRACTICES

4 Pressure,
PC
Overhead Rate DISTILLATION
EXTERNAL
REFLUX

and Bottom Composition COLUMN

REFLUX DRUM
CONDENSER

Vapor

FEED FC

Liquid DISTILLATE

M
REBOILER

AC

RESIDUE
DISTILLATION PRACTICES

4 Pressure,
PC open
Overhead Rate DISTILLATION
EXTERNAL
REFLUX

and Bottom Composition COLUMN

REFLUX DRUM
CONDENSER

Vapor

FEED FC

Liquid DISTILLATE

M
REBOILER

AC

RESIDUE
DISTILLATION PRACTICES

PC CONDENSER
5 Pressure,
Bottom Rate DISTILLATION
EXTERNAL
REFLUX

Overhead Rate COLUMN

and Composition
REFLUX DRUM

Vapor

FEED FC

Liquid DISTILLATE
AC

M
REBOILER

FC

RESIDUE