Professional Documents
Culture Documents
To intensify the knowledge and clarity of the perception of the problems, a number
of books and periodicals were read to gather insights that were used by the researcher in
conceptualizing this study. Those which have been found relevant are hereby presented.
ordering processes of restaurants. After that, it explains the web application development
tools and technologies used in this project. This will also examine the previous literature
in detail and will see how and what sort of research work has already been done on food
ordering systems.
manages, and facilitates the planning operations in restaurants” (Tan, 2016). Before the
automated system has been introduced, the orders and payments were managed
manually using register books. Point-of-Sales (POS) was introduced in the era of 1990.
After the system got popular, it started being used in the restaurant industry. After 1990,
the internet and wireless technology moved on so fast. Restaurants also started using
2017). Researchers also started introducing different types of solutions for restaurants.
Lots of work have been done for automating the operations of the restaurants. Every
researcher chose an aspect or problem and tried to make a good solution for that. 13 The
solutions provided by researchers can be categorized into different categories. The
Based on the research that has been done by L Warlina and S M Noersidik, the
effectiveness of web-based food ordering systems to solve the queue problem of ordering
food is still in doubt, but the enthusiasm of customers and employees for the existence of
web-based food ordering system is vast. The hope of a web-based food ordering system
can help customers to place orders and assist employees to manage food orders. Web-
based ordering application is handy for customers ordering food without having to queue
up. A food ordering system can help customers to place orders and assist employees to
Electronic Menu Card for Restaurants. This ordering system overcomes the
based to computerized. First of all, the system will be programmed with the food available
from the respective restaurant and displayed on touchscreen devices that have been set
up at each of the tables within the restaurant. In addition, the touchscreen device will
have a very attractive Graphic User Interface (GUI) that displays the food menu for
customer to make their choices and enable a customer to place an order by touching the
particular food image that displays on the device screen. Next, when the customer placed
an order, the food order will be sent to the kitchen and the chef can prepare the food. This
system eliminates the issue of a traditional paper-based system in that the waiter has to
manually deliver the order to the kitchen. Other than that, the system provides a sub-
module that enable restaurant owner to update the food details, food price and etc. It
was very convenient compared to the traditional paper-based system because paper-
based system 14 requires the restaurant owner to dispose of all old food menu cards and
re-print the latest food menu card to serve their customers. The system was fully relying
on the gadgets and the gadgets don’t need to leave or vacation thus it can work efficiently
24 hours per day and 7 days per week. Therefore, it can reduce the excess manpower
needed in the restaurant business by reducing the number of employees within the
restaurant.
Mayurkumarpatel proposed an online food order system that is fulfilling the basic
need to order food in a restaurant. His aim is to make ordering easy for both customers
and waiters. To overcome the device and operating system-centric approach for
automating restaurant operations, K et al. (2016) proposed an online web application that
can be accessed through the internet. For using this application, a computer screen will
be placed on each table of a restaurant for customers to order. Customers can order food
for takeaway and make payments through the application. However, the idea is
innovative, but a little bit weird as computers need to be installed on every table.
Sometimes it may create a complex problem rather than making a solution. Patel (2015)
developed an online food ordering system with Java in the backend system and HTML with
CSS in the front end. It was a robust and nice application. But the responsive development
easily and efficiently. Many other industry areas have used management systems to assist
their business growth for a long time ago, therefore it is also a trend that causes the F&B
industry to make use of a management system for their business. The system can reduce
and replace the human manpower task, reduce the time consume for each transaction,
and 15 generate reports for further management purposes by fully utilizing the system.
Previous studies and products on the subject of automated ordering systems for canteens
A. Self-Ordering in Restaurant
accept orders from customers via various technologies such as the internet and others.
waiting for an order. As a result, they prefer self-service technology, such as text
messaging, the internet, or a kiosk. Generally, customers prefer self-service due to the
speed and convenience of placing orders and completing transactions, which means that
self-activated terminals are more likely to serve as a future ordering innovation.
Alternative ordering can increase check size, free up counter space and staff required to
serve customers, and remove money handling from the service equation.
According to Bhatnagar (Bhatnagar, 2006), the innovation of the kiosk and computerized
tabletop ordering screen will force the restaurant industry to redefine the frequently used
acronym quick service restaurant. The kiosk and the internet allow customers to obtain
information and search for recipes. Additionally, the kiosk and internet accept orders and
payments via credit and debit cards. As a result, incorrect orders and long queues can be
avoided, and order staff can be reassigned to other tasks in order to focus on expediting
delivery orders. On the other hand, a table-top touchscreen order system can accept
customer orders, handle additional customer requests such as refilling drinks, summoning
by implementing online service ordering and payment concepts. Bytes' system enables
customers to place an order via touch screen, which is then routed to the bar or kitchen.
Additionally, the system offers games after a customer place an order, and in the future,
customers will have access to the internet. Ordering via touch screen eliminates the need
for a waiter. Additionally, the system maintains a database of customer habits and
preferences, generates management reports, conducts analysis, and enables the menu to
Nigeria's fast-food restaurants and canteens. This is because the system can increase
invest in the system, as this can reduce the time required for a return on investment.
Additionally, the system should be backed up by the taste and services of the food's origin
automated canteen ordering systems may result in an influx of labor as wait staff is
eliminated in the restaurant industry. While the system is critical to implement, there is
still some risk associated with other factors such as direct interaction and restaurant
design concepts that must be considered in order to ensure the system's success.
Gan (Gan, 2002) suggested developing an automated canteen ordering system that would
enable customers to place orders at any time and from any location.
enables kitchen staff to view orders, management to manage raw materials efficiently,
and staff to search for customer delivery and profile information. This system contributes
to the reduction of queues during peak hours, the acceleration of food preparation, and
investment. According to De Leon (De Leon, 2008), there are several components that
order. (Sharma, 2007) was created for professionals with search engine optimization
capabilities and is available 24 hours a day. Additionally, the system should include a
secure payment gateway that allows them to protect their customers' credit card
information, track orders, and sales history easily, and generate a comprehensive sales
The trade of products and services through the internet and other computer networks is
commerce, consumers and sellers trade products and services using computer networks.
Aspects of electronic commerce also include the transmission of business data across
oriented e-commerce accounts for less than 10 percent of total volume, despite the fact
that they are all increasing rapidly (Vladimir, 1998). E-commerce benefits consumers.
They may compare prices and make purchases from the comfort of their own homes or
1. Pizza Hut was the first restaurant to accept online orders in 1994. In the United
States, 40% of individuals have ordered food online at least once, demonstrating
the growth of the online meal ordering sector. Meals made by establishments and
by people are both available on the online food ordering market. There is also the
home.
waiter.com), was created in 1995. The service, which began in northern California,
3. Several large pizza companies had built their own mobile apps by the end of the
2000s and were doing around 20%-30% of their business online at that time. Food
delivery start-ups have become increasingly popular as a result of the rise of apps
5. Ordering food over the internet has overtaken ordering by phone by 2015. From
0.15 billion yuan in 2014 to 44.25 billion yuan in 2015, China's online food ordering
and delivery sector has grown significantly. The percentage of all restaurant
transactions in the United States that were completed online in September 2016
was 61 billion.
C. Full-Service Restaurant
The traditional food order process used in most full-service restaurants starts when a
waiter brought the guests the paper-based menu and then waits for the guests to choose
items from the menu and inform the waiter of the order items. The process typically
required the guests to be seated in the restaurant and a waiter to assist with the ordering.
One of the most widely used food ordering systems is the conventional paper-based
system. In this system, all records are stored on paper. The main drawback of this system
is papers can get easily lost or damaged. There is also a waste of money, time, and paper.
Paper-based systems do not provide any form of dynamicity. Even a small change requires
the re-print of the entire menu card. Also, a large amount of human effort is required, this
system is not working properly because it has some errors and from a customer’s point of
view it is time-consuming.
In order to reduce service costs and enhance customer experiences, few restaurants have
invested in the service automation system. The automation system used to capture the
food order from guests ranged in many forms but mostly comprised of electronic
expensive, offers less durability, and short life. The drawbacks of a resistive touch screen
include its inability to support multi-touch gestures, its poor visibility in direct sunlight,
and its less durability. The technology can be susceptible to data noise, and it may be
All procedures are conducted manually by a waiter carrying paper and noting down the
customer's order or ordering over the counter under the non-computerized operating
system currently in use. Because of this, the waiter may offer the client food from a
different menu than what the customer intended. This might generate a lot of
Because of the manual menu, it is extremely difficult to satisfy the wants and needs of
the customers.
According to Monik Shah, Shalin Shah, Mohd Danish Shaikh & Kaustubh Tiwari in
today’s age of fast food and take-out, many canteens have chosen to focus on quick
preparation and speedy delivery of orders rather than offering a rich dining experience.
Until very recently, all of these delivery orders were placed to the waiters or over the
phone, but there are many disadvantages to this system, including the inconvenience of
the customer needs to have a physical copy of the menu, lack of a visual confirmation that
the order was placed correctly, and the necessity for the canteen to have an employee
answering the phone and taking orders. What, we propose is a Canteen Automation
System, which is a technique of ordering foods online applicable in any food delivery
industry. The main advantage of this system is that it greatly simplifies the ordering
process for both the customer and the canteen. When the customer visits the ordering
webpage, they are presented with an interactive and up-to-date menu, complete with all
available options and dynamically adjusting prices based on the selected options. After
making a selection, the item is then added to their order, which the customer can review
the details of at any time before checking out. This system also greatly lightens the load
on the canteen’s end, as the entire process of taking orders is automated. Once an order
is placed on the webpage, it is entered into the database and then retrieved, in pretty
much real-time, by a desktop application on the canteen’s end. Within this application, all
items in the order are displayed, along with their corresponding options and delivery
details, in a concise and easy-to-read manner. This allows canteen employees to quickly
go through the orders as they are placed and produce the necessary items with minimal
delay and confusion. Monik Shah, Shalin Shah, Mohd Danish Shaikh & Kaustubh Tiwari
occurs very rapidly. This of course affects the efficiency of technology utilization and
people's lifestyles which tend to be consumptive. Therefore, the tenants began to improve
and provide the best facilities for the convenience of the crowds of customers. One place
that is always brimming with customers is a place to eat, such as a food court or canteen.
A canteen is a room or place in a building used by customers for eating or drinking. The
canteen is always crowded during lunchtime. The crowds of customers coming makes it
difficult for tenants to serve customers because, at the same time, they must serve both
customers who want to place an order and also customers who want to pay for the order.
Furthermore, there are customers who prefer cashless payments and this makes it difficult
for tenants to maintain the quality of orders, leading to declining in the quality-of-service
Tenants’ difficulty in serving customers will certainly lead to missed orders and errors in
ordering systems is a long queue which results in losses for both tenants and Costumers.
several surveys from previous research that assessed student satisfaction with university
dining attributes, including food quality, service quality, variety of menu items, cleanliness,
and atmosphere/ environment (Harrington et al., 2013; Joung et al., 2014; Kim et al.,
2004; Kwun, 2011; Kwun et al., 2013), nutritional content (Kim et al., 2004; Kwun, 2011),
availability of healthy options (Harrington et al., 2013; Kim et al., 2004; Kwun, 2011),
location (Harrington et al., 2013; Kim et al., 2004; Klassen et al., 2004), and
Terms (Definitions)
Innovative – (If you love to experiment and find new ways to do things, you are an
innovative person. )
Chapter 2
Books:
Namrata Pandey, Automated Canteen Ordering System, IJRASET, Publish Date: 2022-05-07.
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538 Volume 10 Issue V May 2022- Available
at www.ijraset.com
Tripathi B, Rakshitha Raj R, J B Akshaya, Srilaxmi C P, Online Food Ordering System, Publish Date:
July 2019.
International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-8,
Issue-2S3, July 2019
Varsha Chavan, Priya Jadhav, Snehal Korade and Priyanka Teli, Implementing Customizable
Online Food Ordering System Using Web Based Application, Publish Date: April 2015.
International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, ISSN 2348 – 7968, Vol. 2
Issue 4, April 2015.
Articles:
Yasmeen Jaghbeer, Robin Hanson, Mats Ingemar Johansson, Automated order picking
systems and the links between design and performance: a systematic literature review,
International Journal of Production Research, Volume 58, 2020, Issue 15, Published
online: July 07, 2020,
Related literature:
file:///C:/Users/user/Downloads/Food_Ordering_System.docx.pdf
https://www.google.com/search?
q=ordering&rlz=1C1CHBD_enPH945PH945&ei=ZSFxYK7vHcv7wAOejYK4Bw&oq=
ordering&gs_lcp=Cgdnd3Mtd2l6EAMyCggAEJECEEYQQEyBQgAEJECMgUIABCRAjIFCAAQkQIyBQg
AEJECMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIA
DICCAA6BwgAEEcQsAM6BwgAELADEEM6CgguELADEMgDEEM6EAguEMcBE
K8BELADEMgDEENKBQg4EgExUNhGWLxMYOZOaAFwAngAgAG_AYgBrgOSA
QMyLjKYAQCgAQGqAQdnd3Mtd2l6yAENwAEB&sclient=gwswiz&ved=0ahUKEwjutdve4_LvAhXLP
XAKHZ6GAHcQ4dUDCA0&uact=5 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System Warlina and S M
Noersidik 2018 IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 407 012029
https://www.irjet.net/?fbclid=IwAR3tv2ruv7kUIlbcCUcIOOZXMLnH-
pCDk9o_DUy_aZvtu5Ah82UE7qg-2mw