GEC102 – Purposive

Communication

Prepared by:
John Jay L. Morido
 COMMUNICATION IN
MULTICULTURAL SETTING
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COMMUNICATION, POWER
AND GLOBALIZATION
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WORLD ENGLISHES
by Braj Kachru
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The Three Circles of English
Inner Circle

• “Norm-Providing”

• Countries who used English

as their primary language.

• About 400 million speakers.

• Britain, Canada, US, Australia,

and New Zealand.
The Three Circles of English
Outer Circle

• “Norm-Developing”

• Countries that are former colonies of

the British Empire.

• English has been institutionalized and

nativized; an official 'second' language
or as the nation's official language
for business and commerce.

• India, Malaysia, Singapore, Ghana,

Kenya, Philippines, etc.
The Three Circles of English
Expanding Circle
• “Norm-Expanding”

• English is recognized as a foreign

language.

• Countries where English is not usually

spoken, but is introduced and use for
education and for communication
purposes.

• Never colonized by British Empire.

• Israel, Japan, China, Egypt, Korea,

Russia, Taiwan, Indonesia, Saudi
Arabia, etc.
“When people talk, listen
completely. Most people
never listen.”
-Ernest Hemingway

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