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NANO WORLD
NANOSCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
The global market leader for tips for scanning
probe microscopy and atomic force microscopy. A branch of science that studies systems and
Sphere of influence of nanotechnology. manipulates matter on atomic molecular and
supramolecular scales/ultra-small scale (the
SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY (SPM)
nanometre scale).
A branch of microscopy that forms images of
surfaces using a physical probe that scans the ORIGIN OF NANOSCIENCE
specimen.
Founded in 1981, with the invention of the In 1959 it was discussed by the renowned
scanning tunneling microscope, an instrument for physicist Richard Feynman in his talk There’s
imaging surfaces at the atomic level. Plenty of Room at the bottom, in which he
- SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPE is a described the possibility of synthesis via direct
high-resolution microscope using neither light manipulation of atoms.
nor an electron beam, but with an ultrafine tip In 1960, Egyptian engineer Mohamed Atalla and
able to reveal atomic and molecular details of Korean engineer Dawon kahnga at Bell Labs
surfaces. fabricated the first MOSFET (metal-oxide-
semiconductor field-effect transistor) with a gate
oxide thickness of 100 nm, along with a gate
length of 20 µm.
In 1962, Atalla and kahng fabricated a nanolayer-
base metal-semiconductor junction (M-S junction)
transistor that used gold (Au) thin films with a
thickness of 10 nm.
ORIGIN OF NANOTECHNOLOGY
The term “nanotechnology” was first used by Norio
Taniguchi in 1974.
In 1986, K. Eric Drexler used the term
“nanotechnology” in his book engines of creation:
the coming era of nanotechnology, which would be
ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY able to build a nanoscale “assembler” which would
be able to build a copy of itself and of other items
Is a type of scanning probe microscopy (SPM), of arbitrary complexity with atomic control.
with demonstrated resolution on the order of In 1980, the emergence of nanotechnology as a
fractions of a nanometer, more than 1000 times field in occurred through convergence of Drexler’s
better than the optical diffraction limit. The theoretical and public work.
information is gathered by “feeling” or “touching” In 1986, Drexler co-founded the foresight institute
the surface with a mechanical probe. to help increase public awareness and
A type of high-resolution scanning probe understanding of nanotechnology concepts and
microscope that has a resolution that you can implications.
measure in fractions of a nanometers.
WHAT IS NANOTECHNOLOGY?
- the branch of technology that deals with
dimensions and tolerances of less than 100
nanometers, especially the manipulation of
individual atoms and molecules.
- Employs the study and application of exceptionally
small things in, materials science, engineering,
physics, biology, and chemistry.
- This technological branch manipulates the
molecular structure of materials to change their
intrinsic properties and obtain others with
revolutionary applications.
TYPES OF NANOTECHNOLOGY
The different types of nanotechnology are classified
NANOMETRE
according to how they proceed (top-down or bottom-up)
A unit of spatial measurement that is 10-9 meter, and the medium in which they work (dry or wet):
or one billionth of a meter.
Descending (top-down)
Mechanisms and structures are miniaturized at the
nanometric scale — from one to 100 nanometers in
size —. It is the most frequent to date, especially in
electronics.
Ascending (bottom-up)
You start with a nanometric structure — a molecule, for POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY
example — and through a mounting or self- IN THE PHILIPPINES
assembly process you create a larger mechanism than
Information and communication technologies and
the one you started with.
semiconductors
Dry nanotechnology Health and medicine
Energy
It is used to manufacture structures in coal, silicon,
inorganic materials, metals and semiconductors that do Food and agriculture
not work with humidity. Environment
Wet nanotechnology
It is based on biological systems present in an aqueous MAJOR IMAPACTS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY ON
environment — including genetic material, membranes, SOCIETY
enzymes and other cellular components —. faster, more functional, and more accurate medical
diagnosis equipment.
Faster, smaller, and more powerful computers that
EXAMPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF consume far less power, with longer-lasting
NANOTECHNOLGY batteries.
Nanotechnology and nanomaterials can be applied in all Improved vehicle fuel efficiency and corrosion
kinds of industrial sectors. They are usually found in resistance by building vehicle parts from
these areas: nanocomposite materials that are lighter, stronger,
and more chemically resistant than metal.
Electronics Carbon nanotubes have a variety of commercial
Carbon nanotubes are close to replacing silicon as a uses, including making sports equipment stronger
material for making smaller, faster and more efficient and lighter weight.
microchips and devices, as well as lighter, more
conductive and stronger quantum nanowires. Graphene's
properties make it an ideal candidate for the development NANOTECHNOLOGY ADVANTAGE AND
of flexible touchscreens. DISADVANTAGES
Energy ADVANTAGES:
BENEFITS
- Improved medicine.
- Could save lives by making diagnosis and
treatment far more effective.
CONCERNS
- Ability to cross cell membranes and translocate
in the body.
- No FDA approval need for cosmetics and supplements.
BENEFITS
- Better products.
- New jobs.
CONCERNS
- Redistribution of wealth.
- Potential costs of clen-ups
And health care.
- Accessibility to all income levels.