THE NANO WORLD
NANO WORLD
 The global market leader for tips for scanning
probe microscopy and atomic force microscopy.
 Sphere of influence of nanotechnology.
SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY (SPM)
 A branch of microscopy that forms images of
surfaces using a physical probe that scans the
specimen.
 Founded in 1981, with the invention of the
scanning tunneling microscope, an instrument for
imaging surfaces at the atomic level.
- SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPE is a
high-resolution microscope using neither light
nor an electron beam, but with an ultrafine tip
able to reveal atomic and molecular details of
surfaces.
ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY
 Is a type of scanning probe microscopy (SPM),
with demonstrated resolution on the order of
fractions of a nanometer, more than 1000 times
better than the optical diffraction limit. The
information is gathered by “feeling” or “touching”
the surface with a mechanical probe.
 A type of high-resolution scanning probe
microscope that has a resolution that you can
measure in fractions of a nanometers.
NANOMETRE
 A unit of spatial measurement that is 10-9 meter,
or one billionth of a meter.
 Commonly used in nanotechnology, the building of
extremely small machines.
NANOSCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
 A branch of science that studies systems and
manipulates matter on atomic molecular and
supramolecular scales/ultra-small scale (the
nanometre scale).
ORIGIN OF NANOSCIENCE
 In 1959 it was discussed by the renowned
physicist Richard Feynman in his talk There’s
Plenty of Room at the bottom, in which he
described the possibility of synthesis via direct
manipulation of atoms.
 In 1960, Egyptian engineer Mohamed Atalla and
Korean engineer Dawon kahnga at Bell Labs
fabricated the first MOSFET (metal-oxide-
semiconductor field-effect transistor) with a gate
oxide thickness of 100 nm, along with a gate
length of 20 µm.
 In 1962, Atalla and kahng fabricated a nanolayer-
base metal-semiconductor junction (M-S junction)
transistor that used gold (Au) thin films with a
thickness of 10 nm.
ORIGIN OF NANOTECHNOLOGY
 The term “nanotechnology” was first used by Norio
Taniguchi in 1974.
 In 1986, K. Eric Drexler used the term
“nanotechnology” in his book engines of creation:
the coming era of nanotechnology, which would be
able to build a nanoscale “assembler” which would
be able to build a copy of itself and of other items
of arbitrary complexity with atomic control.
 In 1980, the emergence of nanotechnology as a
field in occurred through convergence of Drexler’s
theoretical and public work.
 In 1986, Drexler co-founded the foresight institute
to help increase public awareness and
understanding of nanotechnology concepts and
implications.
WHAT IS NANOTECHNOLOGY?
- the branch of technology that deals with
dimensions and tolerances of less than 100
nanometers, especially the manipulation of
individual atoms and molecules.
- Employs the study and application of exceptionally
small things in, materials science, engineering,
physics, biology, and chemistry.
- This technological branch manipulates the
molecular structure of materials to change their
intrinsic properties and obtain others with
revolutionary applications.
TYPES OF NANOTECHNOLOGY
The different types of nanotechnology are classified
according to how they proceed (top-down or bottom-up)
and the medium in which they work (dry or wet):
 Descending (top-down)
Mechanisms and structures are miniaturized at the
nanometric scale — from one to 100 nanometers in
size —. It is the most frequent to date, especially in
electronics.
 Ascending (bottom-up)
You start with a nanometric structure — a molecule, for
example — and through a mounting or self-
assembly process you create a larger mechanism than
the one you started with.
 Dry nanotechnology
It is used to manufacture structures in coal, silicon,
inorganic materials, metals and semiconductors that do
not work with humidity.
 Wet nanotechnology
It is based on biological systems present in an aqueous
environment — including genetic material, membranes,
enzymes and other cellular components —.
EXAMPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF
NANOTECHNOLGY
Nanotechnology and nanomaterials can be applied in all
kinds of industrial sectors. They are usually found in
these areas:
 Electronics
Carbon nanotubes are close to replacing silicon as a
material for making smaller, faster and more efficient
microchips and devices, as well as lighter, more
conductive and stronger quantum nanowires. Graphene's
properties make it an ideal candidate for the development
of flexible touchscreens.
 Energy
A new semiconductor developed by Kyoto University
makes it possible to manufacture solar panels that double
the amount of sunlight converted into
electricity. Nanotechnology also lowers costs, produces
stronger and lighter wind turbines, improves fuel
efficiency and, thanks to the thermal insulation of some
nanocomponents, can save energy.
 Biomedicine
The properties of some nanomaterials make them ideal
for improving early diagnosis and treatment of
neurodegenerative diseases or cancer. They are able to
attack cancer cells selectively without harming other
healthy cells. Some nanoparticles have also been used to
enhance pharmaceutical products such as sunscreen.
 Environment
Air purification with ions, wastewater purification with
nanobubbles or nanofiltration systems for heavy metals
are some of its environmentally-friendly applications.
Nano catalysts are also available to make chemical
reactions more efficient and less polluting.
 Food
In this field, nano biosensors could be used to detect the
presence of pathogens in food or nanocomposites to
improve food production by increasing mechanical and
thermal resistance and decreasing oxygen transfer in
packaged products.
 Textile
Nanotechnology makes it possible to develop smart
fabrics that don't stain nor wrinkle, as well as stronger,
lighter and more durable materials to make motorcycle
helmets or sports equipment.
POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY
IN THE PHILIPPINES
 Information and communication technologies and
semiconductors
 Health and medicine
 Energy
 Food and agriculture
 Environment
MAJOR IMAPACTS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY ON
SOCIETY
 faster, more functional, and more accurate medical
diagnosis equipment.
 Faster, smaller, and more powerful computers that
consume far less power, with longer-lasting
batteries.
 Improved vehicle fuel efficiency and corrosion
resistance by building vehicle parts from
nanocomposite materials that are lighter, stronger,
and more chemically resistant than metal.
 Carbon nanotubes have a variety of commercial
uses, including making sports equipment stronger
and lighter weight.
NANOTECHNOLOGY ADVANTAGE AND
DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES:
 Promoting renewable energies
It enables new ways to obtain and store energy. It also
makes solar panels cheaper and more efficient.
 it extends the limits of electronics unlike silicon
microchips, nanochips will make it possible to build
very precise circuits at an atomic level.
 It allows a more effective medicine arteries can be
unblocked cells can be selectively attacked, damaged
genes can be repaired and faster and more precise
surgeries can be performed.
DISADVANTAGES:
 It threatens the environment this type of
technology could cause negative effects on the
environment by generating new toxics and pollutants.
 It has an impact on the job market the obsolete
materials and changes in production processes could
destroy jobs, but this technology could create others.
 it compromises the safety the properties of this
technology could facilitate espionage, the production of
nano weapons and smarts bullets.
COST AND BENEFITS TO SOCIETY
Nanotechnology offers the potential for new and faster kinds of
computers, more efficient power sources and life-saving
medical treatments. Potential disadvantages include economic
disruption and possible threats to security, privacy, health and
the environment.
 Nanotechnology and environment
BENEFITS
- Improved detection and removal
of contaminants.
- Development of benign industrial
processes and materials.
CONCERNS
- High reactivity and toxicity.
- Pervasive distribution in the environment.
- No nano-specific EPA regulation.
 Nanotechnology and health

BENEFITS
- Improved medicine.
- Could save lives by making diagnosis and
treatment far more effective.

CONCERNS
- Ability to cross cell membranes and translocate
in the body.
- No FDA approval need for cosmetics and supplements.

 Nanotechnology and economy

BENEFITS
- Better products.
- New jobs.

CONCERNS
- Redistribution of wealth.
- Potential costs of clen-ups
And health care.
- Accessibility to all income levels.

GROUP : BERTULFO, DIVINE

CUDAL, MONICA

LAMAYO, IVIEJEAN

ROLUNA, GWYNETH ANN

ROSETE, MARY GRACE

SIMON, REAH MAE