PHYSICAL SCIENCE

POLARITY
OF
MOLECULES
 OBJECTIVES

UNDERSTAND LEARN KNOW

Compare and Identify the Appreciate the
contrast polar polarity of a importance of different
and non-polar molecule based molecules in relation to
on its structure; its polarity by citing
molecule;
and examples.

 INTRODUCTION
Chemical bonds are formed when atoms

lose, gain, or share electrons. An ionic

bond occurs when there is a transfer of

one or more valence electrons from one

atom to another.
 Valence electron

Valence electrons are the electrons in

the outer energy level of an atom that
may be involved in chemical
interactions. Valence electrons are the
basis of all chemical bonds.
HOW TO DETERMINE THE VALENCE ELECTRON OF AN
ELEMENT?
Electron configurations are the summary of
where the electrons are around a nucleus.

Reminder: A neutral atom has the same

number of protons and electrons.
STEP-BY-STEP ON HOW TO WRITE ELECTRON
CONFIGURATION
Electron configuration on the left side,
shows the flow of electrons for different
shells.
Below, shows the number of electrons can
be place per shell.
STEP-BY-STEP ON HOW TO WRITE ELECTRON
CONFIGURATION

We need to use the number of

electrons of an element and count
how many can we place in each
shell.
STEP-BY-STEP ON HOW TO WRITE ELECTRON
CONFIGURATION

Now let us try to write the electric

configuration of an element.
STEP-BY-STEP ON HOW TO WRITE ELECTRON
CONFIGURATION
Number of protons and electrons
STEP-BY-STEP ON HOW TO WRITE ELECTRON
CONFIGURATION
Number of protons and electrons

You need to count 26 for the

electron configuration
STEP-BY-STEP ON HOW TO WRITE ELECTRON
CONFIGURATION
Number of protons and electrons

You need to count 26 for the

electron configuration
STEP-BY-STEP ON HOW TO WRITE ELECTRON
CONFIGURATION
Number of protons and electrons

You need to count 26 for the

electron configuration

Now place, 26 electrons

in the shell. Remember
the limit for each shell.
STEP-BY-STEP ON HOW TO WRITE ELECTRON
CONFIGURATION
Number of protons and electrons

You need to count 26 for the

electron configuration

Now place, 26 electrons

in the shell. Remember
the limit for each shell.
IONIC BONDING

Ionic bonding is the complete

transfer of valence electron(s)
between atoms. It is a type of
chemical bond that generates
two oppositely charged ions.
 COVALENT BONDING
When two nonmetal atoms
combine, neither of them loses
or gains electron. Instead, electron
pairs are being shared by both
atoms and the type of chemical
bond formed is called covalent
bond.
 ACTIVITY 2
Part I. Write your answer in yellow paper.
 PHYSICAL SCIENCE

P O L A R IT Y
OF
MOLECULES
 HOW DOES POLARITY OF BONDS WORK?
The polarity of molecules is determined by the two factors: the
polarity of bonds based on the electronegativity difference of
the atoms involved and the geometrical shape of the
molecules which can be predicted via valence shell electron
pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory.
 Electronegativity (EN) measures the relative tendency of an atom to
attract electrons to itself when chemically combined with other atoms.

Pauling Electronegativity Scale

 SO WHAT IS THE CONNECTION OF ELECTRONEGATIVITY
TO THE POLARITY OF BONDS?
We could use the electronegativity values of the atoms involved to get
the absolute electronegativity difference (∆EN) which will help us in
predicting what type of chemical bond (ionic, polar covalent or nonpolar
covalent) that would exist between them.
SOLUTION:
 POLAR COVALENT BONDS

A polar covalent bond is formed

when electrons are shared
unequally by two atoms in a
compound.

The bonded pair of atoms form an

electric dipole. Dipole means “two
poles” which means that a
molecule has one positive end and
one negative end.
 NON POLAR COVALENT BONDS
A nonpolar covalent bond
develops if both atoms equally
share a pair of electrons
between them.

This occurs when the bonding

atoms have approximately equal
EN value or equal ability to attract
electrons to each side.
 ACTIVITY 2
Part II. Write your answer in yellow paper. Complete the table.
GEOMETRIC SHAPE OF
MOLECULES
Valence Shell Electron Pair
Repulsion (VSEPR) model is
used to predict the shape of
individual molecules based on
the extent of electron-pair
electrostatic repulsion

A = central atom
X = connecting atom
E = lone or excess pair
THANK YOU
SO MUCH!
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