SCIENCE

- Pressure
- Volatile

REVIEWER MAIN SOURCE OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

-presence of magma
-presence of water
TYPES OF VOLCANOES -reservoirs
COMPOSITE VOLCANO -cap rock
- borad bases, steep sides, large crater, crater was created
during the last eruption. 3 DIFF DESIGNS OF GEOPLANT
SHIELD VOLCANO DRY STEAM PLANTS - steam
- bowl or shield, long gentle slopes, basaltic lava flows, low- FLASH PLANTS - high pressure of hot water
viscosity of lava flows. BINARY PLANTS - hot water
LAVA DOMES
- lava was too thick, steep-sided, highly viscous lava. Direct-use application
CINDER CONES Geothermal heat pumps (GHP’s)
- circular or oval cones, single vent, small pieces of scoria and Geothermal power plants
pyroplastic.

VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS INACTIVE - doesn’t erupt in 10000 years

- lava & gas are released from a volcano -sometimes
explosively.
HAWAIIAN
- thrown into the air in jets, fire fountains
STROMBOLIAN
- periodic weak to violent eruption, distinct burst of fluid lava.
VULCANIAN
- short violent, relatively small explosion of viscous lava, 20
km (tephra- rock ejected)
PLINIAN
- largest, most violent, release enormous amounts of energy,
50 km.
PHREATIC
- steam-driven explosion, occur when water beneath the
ground on the surface is heated by magma.
PELEAN
- eruption formes domes, glowing avalanches.

MAGMA
- molten rock found beneath earth surface.

BASALTIC MAGMA (MAFIC)

- Si02 44-55%
- 1000 to 1200 c
- distribution : divergent - divide
- viscosity: Low
ANDESITIC MAGMA (INTERMEDIATE)
- Si02 55-65%
- 800 to 1000 c
- distribution : convergent - collide
- viscosity: Intermediate
RHYOLITIC MAGMA (FELSIC)
- Si02 65-75%
- 650 to 800 c
- hot spots in continental crust
- viscosity: High
SILICA DIOXIDE (SILICA)
- basic building block of volcanic rocks, most important
factor.

3 WAYS TO GENERATE MAGMA

- Decompression melting
- Heat transfer
- Flux melting
SPECIAL CONDITION:
- Temperature
GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT
- hot water
- steam
- turbine
- generator
- cooling tower
- injection well

RENEWABLE ENERGY
- can be replenished naturally over relatively short period of
time.
Solar energy-sun rays (solarpanel)
Wind energy-movement of air (windmill)
Hydro energy-movement of water (dam)
Geothermal energy-heat of the earth’s core
Biomass energy-organic matter
NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY
- cannot be replenished naturally over short period of time.
Coal -- Oil -- Natural gas -- Nuclear energy
(Fossil Fuels)

CLIMATE & WEATHER

CLIMATE - refers to the long term pattern of weather
condition.
WEATHER - refers to the condition of atmosphere.
FACTORS AFFECTING CLIMATE:
LATITUDE - distance from equator.
ALTITUDE - above sea level.
TOPOGRAPHY - shape & features of land.
OCEAN CURRENTS - flow of water in ocean

GREENHOUSE EFFECT
- trap heat from sun keeping planet warm
*human activities
*deforstation
*burning of fossil fuels
*intensive farming

GLOBAL WARMING
- increase in the average global temp.
*
CLIMATE CHANGE
- long term changes in earth’s climate
*animals *human health *melting glaciers *plants *change in
precipitation
CH4
N2O
H2O
CO2

LA NINA
- 9-12 months , El Viejo , more rains
EL NINO
- 2-7 years , strong typhoons , draught