Essay : (10 Points each question)

1. How exactly does carbon dioxide (CO) contribute to global warming?

The most significant greenhouse gas on Earth is carbon dioxide, which both
absorbs and radiates heat. In contrast to oxygen and nitrogen, which together make
up the majority of our atmosphere, greenhouse gases absorb heat emitted from the
Earth's surface and re-emit it in all directions, including back toward the planet's
surface. The natural greenhouse effect that keeps the Earth's atmosphere above
freezing would be insufficient without carbon dioxide. People are accelerating the
natural greenhouse effect and raising the earth's temperature by releasing more
carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. The NOAA Global Monitoring Lab found that in
2021, carbon dioxide accounted for nearly two thirds of the total heating influence of
all greenhouse gases created by humans. Carbon dioxide dissolves into the ocean like
the fizz in a can of soda, which is another factor contributing to its significance in the
Earth system. It produces carbonic acid when it combines with water molecules,
reducing the pH of the ocean (raising its acidity). The pH of the ocean's surface
waters has decreased from 8.21 to 8.10 since the beginning of the Industrial
Revolution. The term "ocean acidification" refers to this pH drop.

2. What consequences does climate change have?

Many believe that rising temperatures are the main effect of climate change.
Yet the story doesn't start with the temperature increase. Changes in one place might
have an impact on changes in all other areas since the Earth is a system in which
everything is interconnected. Intense droughts, water scarcity, destructive fires,
rising sea levels, flooding, melting polar ice, catastrophic storms, and a decline in
biodiversity are currently some of the effects of climate change.

Climate change may have an impact on our work, housing, safety, and ability
to grow food. Some of us, such as residents of small island states and other
developing nations, are already more susceptible to the effects of the climate. Long-
lasting droughts are putting people at risk of starvation, while conditions like sea
level rise and saltwater intrusion have progressed to the point that entire
communities have been forced to evacuate. The quantity of "climate refugees" is
anticipated to increase in the future.

3. What are the many alternatives to conventional energy sources?

These sources are solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy,

bioenergy (biomass, biogas, and biodiesel), geothermal energy, and hydro
energy.

4. What activities by humans contribute to climate change?

Save energy at home

Much of our electricity and heat are powered by coal, oil and gas. Use less energy by
lowering your heating and cooling, switching to LED light bulbs and energy-efficient electric
appliances, washing your laundry with cold water, or hanging things to dry instead of using
a dryer.

Reduce, reuse, repair & recycle

Electronics, clothes, and other items we buy cause carbon emissions at each point in
production, from the extraction of raw materials to manufacturing and transporting goods to
market. To protect our climate, buy fewer things, shop second-hand, repair what you can,
and recycle. Every kilogram of textiles produced generates about 17 kilograms of CO2e.
Buying fewer new clothes – and other consumer goods – can reduce your carbon footprint
and also cut down on waste.

Walk, bike, or take public transport

The world’s roadways are clogged with vehicles, most of them burning diesel or gasoline.
Walking or riding a bike instead of driving will reduce greenhouse gas emissions -- and help
your health and fitness.

Eat more vegetables

Eating more vegetables, fruits, whole grains, legumes, nuts, and seeds, and less meat and
dairy, can significantly lower your environmental impact. Producing plant-based foods
generally results in fewer greenhouse gas emissions and requires less energy, land, and
water.

Consider your travel

Airplanes burn large amounts of fossil fuels, producing significant greenhouse gas
emissions. That makes taking fewer flights one of the fastest ways to reduce your
environmental impact. When you can, meet virtually, take a train, or skip that long-distance
trip altogether.

Throw away less food

When you throw food away, you're also wasting the resources and energy that were used
to grow, produce, package, and transport it. And when food rots in a landfill, it produces
methane, a powerful greenhouse gas. So use what you buy and compost any leftovers.
Cutting your food waste can reduce your carbon footprint by up to 300 kilograms of CO2e
per year.