2 23 博鳌亚洲论坛年会会刊

2023 Boao Forum for Asia Annual Conference Jounral

不确定的世界：团结合作迎挑战，开放包容促发展
An Uncertain World:
Solidarity and Cooperation for Development amid Challenges

2023年3月28-31日 March 28-31, 2023

中国博鳌 Boao, China
 博鳌亚洲论坛国际会议中心。

P2 欢迎辞/Welcoming Remarks P15 治理与安全 Governance and Security

不确定的世界 不确定的未来 P19 区域与全球 Regional and Global
Uncertain World  Uncertain Future P22 当下与未来 The Present and the Future
不确定世界中的亚洲力量
Asia’
s Power in a World of Uncertainty P26 嘉宾问答/Guest Q&A
团结合作迎挑战，开放包容促发展 P27 专家观点 Expert Insights
Solidarity and Cooperation for Development amid P34 业界声音 Industry Voices
Challenges
P60 全球及亚太经济信心调查/Global and Asia
P8 2023年年会议题设置/Annual Conference Pacific Economic Confidence Survey
2023 Agenda Setting
P82 数字看年会/Numbers about BFA AC2023
P10 年会热词/Buzzwords
P11 发展与普惠 Development and Inclusiveness P84 鸣谢/Acknowledgements

博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊 1
 不确定的世界 不确定的未来
Uncertain World Uncertain Future
潘基文
博鳌亚洲论坛理事长
BAN Ki-moon
Chairman, Boao Forum for Asia
欢迎来到2023年博鳌亚洲论坛。每年春季，来自于亚洲和全球各地
的领导者都会汇聚于此，回顾过往，规划未来，并付诸思考、讨论和行动。
虽然这是一年一度的盛会，但我们的关注点和挑战每年都会发生变化。在
经历了三年的疫情、冲突和通胀之后，如果我们能够在规划和执行方面有
所建树，那么2023年有望成为世界向好的关键转折点。
不确定性依然是今年的年度热词。整体通胀正在减轻，但核心通胀依
然处于高位。经济增长似乎开始触底反弹，但前路依然坎坷。欧洲在能源
危机应对方面要好于预期，但俄乌冲突依然在持续，而且很有可能升级为
更大的危机。全球贸易顶住了去全球化和保护主义浪潮，创下了历史新高，
但后劲不足，可能会在2023年陷入停滞。总的来说，这是一个喜忧参半的
格局，我们有充分理由满怀希望和信心，但需要担心和解决的问题也不在
少数。
充满不确定性的世界，扑朔迷离的经济未来
在过去三年中，新冠病毒、冲突和通胀轮番踏上舞台中心，成为了不
确定性的罪魁祸首。虽然它们性质各不相同，但其影响却都是灾难性的。
虽然新冠疫情是一种公共卫生危机，但却在全球金融危机之后给经济带来
了最为严重的破坏。俄乌冲突具有地缘政治特征，但却将能源和食品价格
推升至令人咋舌的高位。在大多数人看来，通胀是一个货币现象，但它却
成为了2022年的首要经济问题。不管是单独出现还是同时发生，上述因素
将经济拉入了不确定性的泥沼，而且至今依然深陷其中。在这个“黑天鹤”
与“灰犀牛”事件频现的时代，任何经济体都无法幸免于难，未来无确定性
可言。
2023年依然如此。新冠病毒并未消亡，它依然与我们相伴而且随时可
能会暴发新的疫情，给已然堆积如山的经济问题带来更多麻烦。俄乌冲突
已经进入了第二个年头，目前还没有结束的迹象，而且不排除未来某个时
候会升级。整体通胀终于见顶，而且随着央行采取果决的降温措施，有望
进一步下滑，但核心通胀依然在高位徘徊。已有人在批评说，过度紧缩会
导致全球经济衰退以及低收入国家的债务危机。然而，如果通胀因犹豫和
观望失去控制，同样可能会带来灾难性的后果。
受此影响，人们如今很难进行预测。经济学家之间也出现了分歧。国
际货币基金组织审慎乐观，将全球经济增幅修改为2.9%，上调了0.2个百
分点。该机构称，有鉴于经济增长开始触底反弹而且通胀见顶，2023年可
能会成为向好的转折点。然而，世界银行却警告说，全球经济衰退正在逼
近，并称2023年的经济增速将是史上最为羸弱的经济增速之一，而且“已
经来到了经济衰退的危险边缘” 。 的推手。政府或政治领袖可能会将气候行动更多地看作是政治压力或道
可以肯定的是，即便不发生出乎意料或令人震惊的事情，相比变故频
发的2022年，2023年的形势将更加严峻。所有经济体，不管是发达国家、
新兴经济体还是发展中国家，都必须做好准备，在2023年再度迎接各种难
关和挑战。在不确定性大行其道的“新常态”下， “喘息”成为了一种奢求。
不过，希望还是有的。好消息在于，新兴经济体和发展中的亚洲依然
是全球增长最大的希望和首要生力军。二者加起来将贡献全球四分之三的
经济增长，仅中国和印度就将贡献半数的经济增长。
地缘政治裂缝加上地缘经济分化
整个世界面临的问题不仅仅是不确定性，它在意识形态和地缘政治方
面正变得四分五裂。地缘政治对抗的苗头在数年前便已显现，如今其发展
速度已经超过了人们的预期。随着各国重新站队以及力量重新结盟，我们
将看到地缘政治裂缝会不断扩大。过去30年得来不易的和平红利可能会
提前结束。在全球范围内，各国2022年的国防开支超过以往。作为人类一
直追求的两个目标之一，世界和平的延续再次遭到了质疑。
2 博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊
共同发展目标也在经历类似的遭遇。地缘政治会导致地缘经济碎片
化。长期以来有关经济与科技脱钩的论调已经转化为政策和行动。全球供
应链和贸易流则按照友好和敌对关系而被重定秩序，其效率也因安全和
安保顾虑而受到了影响。全球化的世界经济可能会按照地缘政治界限分
化为贸易阵营。
地缘经济分化是有成本的，而且可能十分高昂。国际货币基金组织估
计该成本将占到全球GDP的7%，差不多是德国和日本的经济总量之和。
如果再加上科技脱钩，整个世界可能会损失高达12%的GDP。再者，真
正受到冲击的是那些弱势和最为脆弱的群体。发达经济体的低收入消费
者将再也无法享受到价格低廉的进口商品。大多数亚洲国家可能都会因
其对自由贸易的严重依赖而受到影响。新兴和发展中经济体可能也就无
法受益于发达经济体的“科技溢出”效应。
团结与合作，打造开放、包容和可持续的世界
“一荣俱荣一损俱损”并非是空谈。我们都居住在同一个星球上，而且
有着众多相似之处，仅靠自身单打独斗是不现实的。就在全世界关注新冠
病毒、战争、通胀和衰退的同时，全球温度依然在持续上升。对于全球可持
续发展议程来说，过去的三年不仅造成了时间窗口的丢失，也出现了重大
退步，因为越来越多的民众陷入了贫困，而不是越来越少。
信任、团结与合作并非是什么陈词滥调。它们都是人类数个世代和世
纪中经过时间检验的智慧。在保障世界和平、推动世界繁荣方面，联合国
的核心多边体系以及国际货币基金组织、世界银行、世贸组织和世界卫生
组织等国际机构都是久经考验的机制。充满不确定性的新常态亦没有改变
这一点。
进入2023年之后，新冠病毒和通胀带来的压力似乎有所减轻。这对
世界经济来说是一个关键的转折点。它也是一个宝贵的时间窗口，可供各
国考虑本国顾虑以外的领域，并重新关注全球挑战。气候变化、贫困、不公
平性、公共卫生和可持续发展放在首要议程上。希望一系列会议和动议将
为气候行动和2030年议程注入活力，该议程在过去三年一直处于停滞不
前的状态，亦或出现了倒退。有关这些已承诺目标的兑现以及后续行动都
具有重要意义，包括《格拉斯哥气候公约》和“损失与损害”基金。
向绿色和数字化发展
这些阴霾中也存在超常发挥和引领前行的“亮点” ：绿色经济和数字
经济。好消息在于，私营领域如今成为了绿色转型和数字化背后最为积极
德义务，也就是必须要做的事情。然而，商业领袖看到了“绿色发展”的机
会和未来，它是增长、营收和利润的重要来源，这也是他们热衷于做的事
情。
可再生能源和电动汽车便是绿色发展的好案例，而且具有商业可行
性。这两个行业在过去三年取得了长足的进步，不断蚕食其化石燃料对手
的空间和利润率。早期行动者已经开始赚钱，而且占据了巨大的市场份额，
而传统能源和汽车制造商也在快速迎头赶上。整个行业格局正在进行绿色
转型。这一举措源于市场驱动，而且是自下而上的，有利可图，因此具有可
持续性。
绿色与数字科技，再加上生物科技、新材料、无人机、无人驾驶、航空
和人工智能（例如ChapGPT）
，都是世界经济未来最为鼓舞人心的消息。
幸运的是，科技进步并没有因疫情、冲突和通胀而止步不前。过去三年，其
研发和商业化取得了巨大的进步，这一现象强化了我们对全球经济东山再
起的希望和信心。最后，正是因为有了科技和创新的引领，我们才能走出
衰退和新常态，并向新一轮的全球繁荣迈进。■
 Welcome to the Annual Conference 2023 of the Boao Forum for
Asia. Each year, each spring, we are gathered here, with leaders from
Asia and around the world, to look back and plan ahead, to think, debate
and act. The conference is annual, but our focus and challenges vary
from year to year. The year 2023, after three long years of the pandemic,
conflict and inflation, promises to be a critical turning point for the bet-
ter, if we could do a good job in planning and execution.
Uncertainty remains word of the year. Headline inflation is moderat-
ing, but core inflation remains high. Growth seems to be bottoming out,
but the way ahead is still bumpy. Europe is coping with the energy shock
better than expected, but the conflict in Ukraine drags on and may well
escalate into a much bigger crisis. Global trade has defied deglobalization
and protectionism to hit an all-time high, but is losing momentum and may
stagnate into 2023. In a word, it is a mixed picture, with good reasons for
hope & confidence and much to worry about & work on.
The Uncertain Future of Economy in an Uncertain World
Coronavirus, conflict and inflation have taken turns to take centre
stage as the source of uncertainty during the past three years. They are
of different nature, but to the same devastating effect. COVID-19 is a
public health emergency, but wreaked the greatest havoc to economy
after the global financial crisis. The conflict in Ukraine is geopolitical,
but sent energy and food prices soaring to unexpected highs. Inflation,
mostly seen as a monetary phenomenon, rose abruptly to be the over-
arching economic concern in 2022. Single-handedly or in parallel, they
have dragged down the economy into the muddy waters of uncertainty
to this day. In a world of “black swans” and “grey horns”, no economy
can escape unscathed and no future is guaranteed.
This will still be the case into the year 2023. The coronavirus is
not behind us. It is with us, and may pop up anytime soon, adding to the
piles of economic headaches we have. The conflict in Ukraine continues
into its second year. There is no end in sight and no ruling out escalation
sometime in the future. Headline inflation peaked finally, is expected to
fall further as central banks take decisive actions to cool it, but core in-
flation still persists at a high level. There are already criticisms on over-
tightening that threatens a global recession and debt distress for low-in-
come countries. The risk of complacency, however, is equally disastrous
if inflation spirals out of control due to hesitancy or inaction.
This makes forecast and prediction difficult nowadays. Economists
disagree among themselves. The IMF sounded a cautiously optimistic
note, revising global growth up to 2.9% by 0.2 percentage point. The
year 2023 could be a turning point for the better, it said, with growth bot-
toming out and inflation peaking. Its sister institution the World Bank,
however, warned of a looming global recession, citing one of the weakest
paces of growth on record “perilously close to falling into recession”.
One thing is for sure – the year 2023 will be a tougher year than the
eventful 2022, even without further surprises and shocks down the road.
All economies, developed, emerging or developing, must be prepared
for yet another year of hardships and challenges. There is no “taking a
break” under this “New Normal” of uncertainty.
Every cloud has a silver lining. The good news is, emerging and devel-
oping Asia remains the best hope and chief driver of global growth. Com-
bined, they would contribute 3/4 to global growth. China and India alone are
expected to contribute half of it.
Geo-Political Rift coupled with Geo-Economic
Fragmentation
The world is not just uncertain. It is falling apart down ideological
and geopolitical lines. There were signs of geo-political rivalry years
ago. It is gathering pace faster than expected today. We are seeing a
widening geo-political rift as countries re-group and forces re-align. The
hard-won Peace Dividend in the past 3 decades is at risk of premature
ending. Across the globe, countries spent more on defense in 2022 than
ever before. Sustained world peace, one of the twin goals mankind has
pursued, is again thrown into question.
So it is with the goal of common development. Geopolitics has
its economic consequences: geo-economic fragmentation. The long-
time rhetoric of economic and technological decoupling has translated
into policies and actions. Global supply chain and trade flow are being
re-ordered on a friend-or-foe basis, compromising efficiency for safety
and security. A globalized world economy risks fragmenting into trade
blocks along geo-political lines.
Geo-economic fragmentation comes at a cost, and the cost could
be hefty. One estimate by IMF puts it at 7% of global GDP, roughly the
combined output of Germany and Japan. If technological decoupling
sets in, the world could lose up to 12% of its GDP. Again, it is the disad-
vantaged and most vulnerable that bears the brunt. Lower-income con-
sumers in advanced economies would no longer have access to cheaper
imported goods. Most of Asia would suffer due to its heavy reliance on
open trade. Emerging and developing economies would also cease to
benefit from “technology spillovers” from more advanced economies.
Solidarity & Cooperation for an Open, Inclusive &
Sustainable World
“We are in the same boat” is no empty talk. We live on one same
planet and share too much in common to go it alone. As the world’s at-
tention is preoccupied with virus, war, inflation and recession, global
temperature continues to rise unabated. The past three years is a lost
window of time and major setback for the global sustainable develop-
ment agenda, as more people fall back into poverty, not less.
Trust, solidarity and cooperation is no cliché. They are time-hon-
ored wisdom of mankind for generations and centuries. The multilateral
system with UN at the core and international institutions such as the
IMF, the World Bank, the WTO and the WHO are proven mechanisms
in safeguarding world peace and promoting prosperity. The New Nor-
mal of Uncertainty has not changed that.
Pressures of virus and inflation have eased somehow into the year
2023. This is a critical turning point for world economy. It is also a valu-
able window of time for countries to look beyond domestic concerns and
re-focus on global challenges. On top of the agenda are climate change,
poverty, inequality, public health and sustainable development. Hope-
fully, a number of conferences and initiatives will bring momentum to
the climate action and 2030 Agenda, which has stalled or backtracked
during the past three years. Delivery and follow-up action on the pledges
already made are equally important, including the Glasgow Climate Pact
and the Loss & Damage Fund.
Going Green, Going Digital
Amid the gloom, there are “bright spots” which outperform and
lead the way forward: the green economy & the digital economy. The
good news is, the private sector is now the most enthusiastic driver be-
hind green transition and digitalization. Governments or political leaders
may look at climate action more as a political pressure or moral obliga-
tion – something they have to do. Business leaders, however, see oppor-
tunities and the future from “going green” as a vital source of growth,
revenues and profits – something they love to do.
Renewables and electric vehicles are good examples of going green
in a commercially viable way. They have made great strides during the
past three years, eroding space and profit margin of their fossil fuel coun-
terparts. Early-movers are already making good money and taking lion’s
share of the market while traditional energies and auto makers catch up
fast. The entire industrial landscape is having a green “facelift”. This face-
lift is market-driven, bottom-up, profitable, and therefore sustainable.
Green and digital technologies, together with biotech, new materi-
als, drones, pilotless driving, aerospace and AI (ChatGPT, for instance),
are the most encouraging news for the world economic outlook. Fortu-
nately, technological advances have not been daunted by either the pan-
demic, the conflict or inflation. The past three years have seen remarkable
progress in R&D and commercialization, which reinforce our hope and
confidence in the world economy turning around. In the final analysis, it
is technology and innovation that will lead us out of the shadow of reces-
sion and the New Mediocre into the next wave of global prosperity. ■
博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊 3
 不确定世界中的亚洲力量
Asia’s Power in a World of Uncertainty
周小川
博鳌亚洲论坛副理事长

ZHOU Xiaochuan
Vice Chairman，Boao Forum for Asia

“久久不见久久见”，欢迎各位博鳌亚洲论坛的新老 全球增长与稳定作出重要贡献。IMF预计，中国和印度
朋友齐聚博鳌，出席论坛 2023年年会，共同为不确定的 将贡献全球一半以上的增长，亚洲其他地区的贡献度将
世界贡献思想、寻找答案。当前，世界百年未有之大变局 达到四分之一。
《区域全面经济伙伴关系协定》等区域自
加速演进，世界进入新的动荡变革期，地缘政治冲突、全 由贸易协定稳步落实，将带来更大的制度开放红利，助
球分化极度考验各方的耐心与智慧。亚洲是世界和平稳 力疫后复苏。绿色发展和数字经济将为亚洲增长提供强
定繁荣的重要砝码，博鳌亚洲论坛致力于为亚洲内外各 有力的新动能。随着中国疫情呈现局部零星散发状态和
界人士提供对话沟通、凝聚共识的重要平台。 进入常态化防控阶段，生产、消费和对外经贸活动回归
2022年，全球经历了乌克兰危机、粮食危机、能源 常态，中国将成为亚洲乃至世界经济增长的重要驱动
危机、气候危机和疫情延宕，世界已严重偏离可持续发 力。据 IMF测算，中国经济增速每提高 1个百分点，将带
展的轨道。美欧等发达经济体陷入抑制通胀和稳定增长 动亚洲其他地区产出提升0.3个百分点。
两难，激进加息造成国际资本流动大幅波动，许多新兴 2022年10月，中国成功召开了中国共产党第二十
市场和发展中国家遭受巨大外部冲击，债务压力加剧。 次全国代表大会，对中国全面建设社会主义现代化国家
世界经济碎片化，国际经贸失序。发达国家贸易保 作出战略部署。习近平总书记指出，中国式现代化是人
护主义蔓延，全球产业链供应链格局因“在岸生产”
“友 口规模巨大的现代化，是全体人民共同富裕的现代化，
岸外包”被重新塑造。IMF估计，全球贸易分裂可能带来 是物质文明和精神文明相协调的现代化，是人与自然和
1.4万亿美元的损失，造成全球产出降低 1.5个百分点。 谐共生的现代化，是走和平发展道路的现代化。刚刚结
世界贸易组织预计 2023年全球货物贸易仅增长 1%。 束的全国“两会”传递了中国政府全面深化改革开放，大
气候变化已带来巨大现实灾害，高温、干旱、暴雨、 力提振市场信心，实施扩大内需战略和深化供给侧结构
洪涝等极端天气此起彼伏。各国面临着统筹绿色低碳发 性改革的重要信号。加快数字化转型与发展数字经济、
展、能源安全、公正转型的艰巨任务。
《联合国气候变化 完善国有企业治理和鼓励支持民营经济发展、扩大市场
框架公约》第 27次缔约方大会在建立“损失与损害”基 准入及稳步扩大制度型开放、推动发展方式绿色转型都
金方面取得了重大进展，但发达国家对低收入国家每年 排在今年工作的优先级。2023年是中国“一带一路”倡
1000亿美元气候资金支持的承诺仍未兑现。 议提出十周年，是全球发展倡议推进落实之年。中国将
2023年，世界经济前景不容乐观，全球分化风险继 致力于通过经贸合作、互联互通合作、绿色合作、数字合
续加大，传统和非传统挑战不断加剧。冷战思维、冲突战 作、发展合作，与亚洲其他国家一起以合作促发展，在坚
争、经济制裁、贸易脱钩、科技脱钩不是问题解决之道， 持多边主义、维护世界经济稳定上彰显亚洲力量，给不
只会把世界带向更加危险的境地。在如此不确定的世界 确定的世界带来确定性。
中，唯有依靠团结合作才能共同应对挑战，唯有践行开 再次感谢各位嘉宾对博鳌亚洲论坛的大力支持。希
放包容才能共促发展。 望各位嘉宾在本次年会上，就关乎世界和亚洲发展与普
亚洲是世界经济增长和可持续发展的关键动力。尽 惠、治理与安全、当下与未来的重大前沿问题提出真知
管国际形势持续动荡，全球需求减弱，2023年亚洲将为 灼见，共议合作之道。■

4 博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊
 I would like to welcome all friends old and new of the
Boao Forum for Asia to the 2023 Annual Conference, where
we will share our insights about the uncertainties facing the
world today and try to find solutions. At present, the world is
facing a once-in-a-century transformation and is entering a
new age of turbulence and change, with geopolitical conflicts
and global fragmentation posing a serious test to the wisdom
of all countries. Asia is an important force for world peace,
stability and prosperity. The Boao Forum for Asia is commit-
ted to providing an important platform for dialogue, commu-
nication and consensus-building among people from all walks
of life in Asia and beyond.
Having undergone the Ukrainian, food, energy and
climate crises in 2022, as well as continuing to battle the CO-
VID-19 pandemic, the world has been seriously derailed from
the path of sustainable development. Developed economies
such as the US and Europe are confronted with the double
challenge of restraining inflation and maintaining stable
growth. Aggressive interest rate hikes have caused substantial
fluctuations in international capital flows, bringing enormous
external shocks to many emerging markets and developing
countries, exacerbating their debt pressures.
The world economy has become increasingly fragment-
ed, and international trade is in a state of disorder. Trade pro-
tectionism is on the rise in developed nations, and the global
industrial and supply chain landscapes are being reshaped by
“on-shoring” and “friend-shoring.” The IMF estimates that
global trade fragmentation could lead to a loss of $1.4 trillion
and push global output down by 1.5 percentage points. The
World Trade Organization forecasts that global trade in goods
may grow by merely 1% in 2023.
Climate change has brought huge disasters, with ex-
treme events such as heatwaves, droughts, heavy rain and
floods occurring at alarming frequency. Countries are facing
the daunting task of balancing green low-carbon development
and energy security, while maintaining just transition. The
UNFCCC COP27 made key breakthrough by establishing the
Loss and Damage Fund. However, developed economies have
yet to fulfill their commitment to provide $100 billion annu-
ally in financial assistance to low-income countries.
The 2023 global economic outlook is less than optimis-
tic, and the risk of global divergence will increase further
amid intensifying challenges in both traditional and non-tra-
ditional industries. Cold-War mentalities, conflicts and wars,
economic sanctions, and trade and technology decoupling do
not provide solutions to these problems yet will only lead the
world into a more dangerous situation. In such a world of un-
certainties, only by relying on unity and cooperation can we
jointly cope with challenges, and only by practicing openness
and inclusiveness can we promote shared development.
Asia is a major powerhouse of world economic growth
and sustainable development. The continent will make an
important contribution to global growth and stability in 2023,
despite persistent international turmoil and weakening global
demand. The IMF expects China and India to contribute
more than half of global growth, and the rest of Asia to chip
in another 25%. The steady implementation of regional free
trade agreements such as the Regional Comprehensive Eco-
nomic Partnership will bring greater dividends of institutional
opening and boost the post-pandemic recovery. Green devel-
opment and the digital economy will inject fresh momentum
into economic growth in Asia. Thus far, with sporadic cases
reported in parts of the country and normalized COVID-19
control and prevention put into force, China’s production, con-
sumption, and economic and trade exchanges with the outside
world have resumed, making it an important driving force for
economic growth in Asia and the world as a whole. According
to IMF estimates, every percentage point increase in China’s
economic growth may generate a 0.3 percentage point growth
in production output in other Asian regions.
During the 20th National Congress of the Communist
Party of China held in October 2022, the authorities laid
down strategic arrangements on how to build the country into
a modern socialist country in all respects. Chinese President
Xi Jinping pointed out that Chinese modernization is the
modernization of a huge population, the modernization of
common prosperity for all, material and cultural-ethical ad-
vancement, the modernization of harmony between humanity
and nature, and the modernization of peaceful development.
The recent Two Sessions send out signals that the Chinese
government will deepen reforms and expand opening up on
a comprehensive scale, vigorously boost market confidence,
and pursue the strategy of expanding domestic demand and
deepening supply-side structural reforms. Accelerating digital
transformation，developing the digital economy, and improv-
ing governance of state-owned enterprises, while encourag-
ing and supporting the development of the private economy,
easing market access controls, steadily expanding institu-
tional opening up, and driving the green transformation of the
growth model are all on top of this year’s agenda. 2023 marks
the 10th anniversary of China’s Belt and Road Initiative
and witnesses the start of the implementation of the Global
Development Initiative. China is committed to promoting
development through cooperation with other Asian countries
by furthering economic and trade partnerships, interconnec-
tion, green cooperation, digital cooperation and development-
oriented cooperation. We will showcase Asia as a force to up-
hold multilateralism and maintain global economic stability,
thereby bringing certainty to a world of uncertainty.
Thank you all again for your strong support for the Boao
Forum for Asia! I hope, during this year’s annual conference,
all participants can share their insights on the issues concern-
ing development and inclusiveness, governance and security,
and the present and the future in the world and in Asia, and
explore new roads for cooperation. ■
博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊 5
 团结合作迎挑战，开放包容促发展
Solidarity and Cooperation for Development
李保东
博鳌亚洲论坛秘书长
amid Challenges
LI Baodong
Secretary General, Boao Forum for Asia

春和景明，万象更新。值此阳春三月，论坛再次迎来 界：团结合作迎挑战，开放包容促发展”。我们希望通过
一年一度的年会盛宴、热烈欢迎大家再次汇聚博鳌，在 年会的交流探讨，在不确定的世界中探寻确定性，在变
这欣欣向荣的美好时节，共赏春光，畅叙发展。 中求进，在乱中求治。我们要弘扬真正的多边主义和开
博鳌亚洲论坛 2023年年会定于 3月 28日至 31日召 放的地区主义，加强团结合作，更好地迎接挑战；坚持
开。这是自新冠疫情暴发以来，论坛年会首次完全恢复 开放包容，更好地促进发展。
线下会议。年会将汇集来自政府、企业和民间社会的领 在年会的议题板块设计上，今年我们没有按领域来
导人，分析亚洲和世界发展形势，探讨未来一年的优先 划分，而是从几组关系入手，设置了四个板块：
“发展与
事项和重要议题。 普惠”“治理与安全”“区域与全球”“当下与未来”。主
回首过去三年，席卷全球的新冠疫情,不仅对人类 要考虑是，可以更好地推动各方理性探讨自身利益和共
身心健康造成重大伤害 ,也对全球化和世界经济产生了 同利益、短期利益和长远利益的关系，从而促进国际合
严重冲击。一系列传统和非传统安全挑战凸显。各国发 作与交流，凝聚各方关于发展和安全的共识。
展不平衡的问题更加突出。世界之变、时代之变、历史之 “发展与普惠”板块包括世界经济展望、通胀滞涨与加
变正以前所未有的方式展开，当今世界充满了各种不确 息、重塑全球化、终结新冠大流行、极端天气与气候变化、
定性。突出表现在： 新能源新基建新产业、ESG投资、企业ESG测定等议题。
世界动荡与变革两种趋势交织演进。从战争地区的 “治理与安全”板块包括统筹发展与安全、产业链供
动荡到国际市场的动荡，从社会变革到科技革命，世界 应链新格局、科技竞争与合作、碳中和、加强数据安全、
乱中有变、变中有乱，发展与安全两大赤字更加凸显。不 绿色能源与绿氢供应链、打造现代企业等议题。
同国家采取了不同政策，致使各自发展进程和相互间关 “区域与全球”板块包括世界能源大变局、亚洲区域
系都出现了新变化。世界正站在历史演进的重要关头。 合作、一带一路、全球地缘政治展望、中国式现代化、全
世界各国正面临一系列重大挑战。乌克兰危机仍在 球自贸港发展、南海（区域与全球）等议题。
持续，阵营对立、分裂对抗趋势加剧；疫情阴霾仍未完 “当下与未来”板块包括清洁能源的未来、推进数字
全散去，病毒还在不断变异；世界经济艰难复苏，全球 经济、下一代互联网、人工智能、下一代教育、知识产权
能源结构和产业链供应链格局面临重组风险；气候变化 应用、生物医药创新等议题。
已不再是潜在的风险，而是实实在在的危害。 此外，年会当中还设置了青年、女性、文化、金融等
国际社会对于促进共同发展的呼声强烈。要发展， 圆桌会以及企业家双边对话会等一系列活动。
就需要和平安宁的国际环境，就要求各国团结互助，合 参与年会讨论的嘉宾都是来自政商学界的精英和各
作共赢。搞军事对抗和经济脱钩不符合任何一方的根本 行业佼佼者。我们非常高兴为大家提供一个畅所欲言的
利益。应对疫情和复苏经济更加需要各国加强宏观政策 平台，与各方共享智慧、共话发展。道虽远，行则将至，
协调。面对气候变化等全球性挑战，没有一个国家能够 事虽难，做则必成。我们坚信亚洲和世界的发展前景是
独自应对或独善其身。 光明的。让我们携起手来，为加强国际社会的团结合作，
在上述背景下，今年年会的主题定为“不确定的世 建设更开放包容的亚洲与世界作出积极贡献！■

6 博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊
 Spring, a season of growth and renewal, has arrived in
Boao. There is no better time to talk about development, the
theme for the 2023 Annual Conference of the Boao Forum for
Asia, which will be held from March 28 to 31.
I am delighted that the conference will be held face-to-
face this year for the first time since the COVID-19 pandemic.
This annual conference convenes leaders from government,
corporate and civil society to analyze the state of development
in Asia and the world, and discuss priorities and important is-
sues for the coming year.
The COVID-19 pandemic, which raged around the
world over the past three years, has not only seriously harmed
people’s physical and mental health, it has also dealt a major
blow to globalization and the world economy. A series of tra-
ditional and non-traditional security challenges have emerged,
and developmental imbalances among countries have become
more prominent. The world and the times we live in are un-
dergoing unprecedented changes. Uncertainties abound, and
are conspicuously reflected in turmoil and change:
We see turmoil in regional conflict and international mar-
kets, and are witnessing social change and technological revolu-
tion. Chaos amid change has made the world’s development and
security deficits all the more pronounced. Different countries
have adopted different policies, resulting in fresh changes in
their respective development and relations with other countries.
The world now stands at a critical historical juncture.
Every country is confronted with major challenges. The
ongoing Ukraine crisis has seen the stances of opposing camps
intensify. The shadow of COVID-19 is still present, and the
virus has continued to mutate. Meanwhile, the path toward eco-
nomic recovery appears to be arduous, and the global energy
structure, as well as industrial and supply chain landscapes,
face being restructured. Climate change is no longer a potential
risk, but a real and present danger.
The international community has made strong calls for
mutual development, but development requires a peaceful and
stable international environment, as well as solidarity, mutual
assistance and cooperation among countries. Military confron-
tation and economic decoupling are not in the fundamental in-
terest of any party. Responding to the pandemic and economic
recovery requires further policy coordination around the world.
Confronted with global challenges such as climate change, no
country can go it alone or stay immune.
Given the above context, the theme for this year’s annual
conference is “An Uncertain World: Solidarity and Coopera-
tion for Development amid Challenges.” We hope that the ex-
changes and discussions during the conference can help us find
certainty amid an uncertain world, progress amid change, and
governance amid chaos. We want to promote true multilateral-
ism and open regionalism, and boost solidarity and cooperation
to better meet challenges. We must stay committed to openness
and inclusiveness to further promote development.
In designing the topic discussion modules for this year’s
annual conference according to sets of relationships rather than
by area, culminating in four sections: “Development and Inclu-
siveness”, “Governance and Security”, “Regional and Global”,
and “The Present and the Future”. The main consideration for
this setup is to facilitate an exploration of the relationship be-
tween self-interest and collective interest, and between short-
term and long-term interests, thereby promoting international
cooperation and exchange, and building consensus on develop-
ment and security.
The section of “Development and Inclusiveness” in-
cludes topics such as “Global Economic Outlook”, “Inflation,
Stagflation and Rate Hikes”, “Re-Globalization vs. Deglo-
balization”, “Ending the COVID-19 Pandemic”, “Extreme
Weather Events and Climate Change”, “New Energy, New
Infrastructure, New Industry”, “ESG Investment” and “Mea-
suring Sustainability in the ESG Era”.
The section of “Governance and Security” includes “En-
suring Both Development and Security”, “New Landscape
of Industrial and Supply Chain”, “Technological Competition
and Cooperation”, “Carbon Neutrality”, “Strengthening Data
Security”, “Global Green Energy and Green Hydrogen Supply
Chains” and “Building a Dynamic Modern Enterprise”.
The section of “Regional and Global” covers “Global En-
ergy Supply Shock”, “Asia-Pacific Regional Cooperation”, “The
Belt and Road”, “Global Geopolitical Outlook”, “The Chinese
Path to Modernization”, “Global Free Trade Ports Development
Forum” and “Building an Order of Cooperation and Security in
the South China Sea”.
Meanwhile, the section of “The Present and the Future”
includes “The Future of Clean Energy”, “Promoting the Digi-
tal Economy”, “Next Generation Internet”, “A Better Life Em-
powered by AI”, “A Better Education for the Next Generation”,
“Intellectual Property” and “Biopharmaceutical Innovation”.
In addition, the annual conference will also feature round-
tables for youth, women, culture and finance, among others, as
well as a series of events such as bilateral dialogues for entre-
preneurs.
The participants at the annual conference are elites from
the political, business and academic fields, and outstanding fig-
ures from various industries. We are happy to be able to provide
a platform for all to speak their minds, share wisdom and dis-
cuss development together. Where there’s a will, there’s a way.
We firmly believe that the development of Asia and the world is
bright and full of prospects. Let us work together to bolster soli-
darity and cooperation within the international community, and
build a more open and inclusive Asia and world! ■
博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊 7
 2023年年会议题设置
Annual Conference 2023
Agenda Setting

板块一 板块二 板块三

发展与普惠 治理与安全 区域与全球

Development and Inclusiveness Governance and Security Regional and Global

世界经济展望 统筹发展与安全 世界能源大变局

Global Economic Outlook Ensuring Both Development and Global Energy Supply Shock
Security
通胀、滞胀与加息：钢丝上的舞蹈 亚洲区域合作：新机遇，新挑战
Inflation, Stagflation and Rate 产业链供应链新格局 Asia-Pacific Regional
Hikes: Dancing on a Tightrope New Landscape of Industrial and Cooperation: New Opportunities
Supply Chain and Challenges
重塑全球化
Re-Globalization vs. 科技竞争与合作 一带一路：共享发展机遇
Deglobalization Technological Competition and The Belt and Road: Sharing the
Cooperation Opportunities of Development
终结新冠大流行
Ending the COVID-19 Pandemic 碳中和：困局与破局 全球地缘政治展望
Carbon Neutrality: Dilemma and Global Geopolitical Outlook
极端天气与气候变化 Way out
Extreme Weather Events and 中国式现代化
Climate Change 加强数据安全 The Chinese Path to
Strengthening Data Security Modernization
新能源 新基建 新产业
New Energy, New Infrastructure, 全球绿色能源与绿氢供应链 全球自由贸易港发展论坛：
New Industry Global Green Energy and Green 制度型开放与自由贸易
Hydrogen Supply Chains Global Free Trade Ports
ESG投资如何行稳致远 Development Forum
How Can ESG Investment 打造充满活力的现代企业
Advance Forward Building a Dynamic Modern 构建合作与安全的南海秩序（区域与
Enterprise 全球）
企业的ESG成果测定 Building an Order of Cooperation
Measuring Sustainability in the and Security in the South China
ESG Era Sea

8 博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊
 板块四

当下与未来 圆桌会议 对话会

The Present and the Future Roundtable Dialogue

清洁能源的未来 金融圆桌 中美企业家对话会

The Future of Clean Energy Financial Roundtable China-US CEO Dialogue

推进数字经济 女性圆桌 中澳企业家对话会

Promoting the Digital Economy Women Leadership Roundtable China-Australia Senior Business
Leaders Forum
下一代互联网 青年圆桌
Next Generation Internet Youth Roundtable “对话海南”：中国（海南）
—— 东盟热带农业合作及展望
人工智能赋能美好生活 华商圆桌 Dialogue in Hainan: Tropical
A Better Life Empowered by AI Overseas Chinese Roundtable Agricultural Cooperation between
China (Hainan) and ASEAN and
给下一代更好的教育 民营企业家圆桌 Its Prospects
A Better Education for the Next Private Entrepreneurs
Generation Roundtable 中欧企业家对话
China-Europe CEO Dialogue
知识产权在数字经济 宗教圆桌
和全虚拟世界中的前景 Religious Dialogue
The Future of IP in the Digital
Economy and a Fully Virtual 跨国公司中国区CEO圆桌
World Multinational Corporation (MNC)
CEO Roundtable
生物医药创新与国际合作新路径
Biopharmaceutical Innovation 文化圆桌
& the New Path of International Cultural Roundtable
Cooperation

截止2023年3月14日数据统计，最终信息请以现场为准。

博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊 9
 年会热词  Buzzwords

10 博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊
 合作与发展
「发展与普惠」
Cooperation and Development and Inclusiveness
Development

雷夫·约翰森：只有当我们与世界各地的伙伴开展合作时，我们才能实现关键
目标，即更平等的全球发展和包容性。在新冠疫情期间，我们深刻体会到强大
的合作伙伴关系为拯救生命做出的巨大贡献。从新冠暴发之初，科学、政府、
学术界以及公共和企业力量齐心协力，以前所未有的规模研发、制造并供应疫
苗，这样的通力协作是极其了不起的。
雷夫·约翰森
博鳌亚洲论坛咨委
Leif JOHANSSON: It is only when we collaborate with partners 阿斯利康董事长
around the world that we can achieve our critical aims of more
Leif JOHANSSON
equal global development and inclusiveness. During the pandemic, Member of Council of Advisors
of the Boao Forum for Asia (BFA),
we experienced how powerful partnerships can save lives. The Chair of AstraZeneca
coordinated response from the start of COVID-19 was absolutely
remarkable in the way that scientists, governments, academia, and
public and private sectors came together to develop, manufacture
and distribute vaccines on a scale never seen before.

陈江和：合作与发展是世界近几十年来实现社会繁荣、全球人民生活水平不断
提高的重要原因。然而，当今正处于百年未有之大变局，中美竞争加剧，地缘
政治因素抬头，逆全球化和贸易保护主义有日渐盛行的趋势。但我始终坚信，
无论是区域还是全球，越是这个时候，国与国、地区与地区、人与人之间更应
摒弃分歧与偏见，加强对话与合作，努力追求发展共赢。这不仅符合世界各国
陈江和 人民的根本利益，也是未来全世界经济能够继续快速发展、人民生活水平继续
新加坡金鹰集团主席
中国环境与发展国际合作委员会委员 不断提高的重要保障。

Sukanto Tanoto
Chairman of RGE, Member of China Council for
International Cooperation on Environment and
Development (CCICED)
Sukanto Tanoto：Cooperation and development are significant
reasons for global social prosperity in recent decades and have
caused people’s living standards to rise worldwide. The world today,
however, is undergoing profound changes unseen in a century. Sino-
US competition is becoming more acute, geopolitical tension is rising,
while de-globalization and protectionism are growing day by day. But
I always believe that at this time, whether regional or global, the more
changes we are facing, the more important it is to discard differences
and prejudices, strengthen dialogue and cooperation, and strive for
win-win development among countries, regions, and people. This
is not only in line with the fundamental interests of people all over
the world, but also an important guarantee for the continued rapid
development of the world economy and the continuous improvement
of people's living standards in the future.

博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊 11
 气候变化
Climate Change

陈文琦: 随着气候变化越来越明显，应对气候变化和推动可持续发展将会得
到更多的关注。 “绿色能源”“碳足迹”
“可再生能源”和“可持续发展”有可
能将成为2023年的热词。

CHEN Wenqi: As the effects of climate change become more

evident, there will be increased focus on addressing the issue and 陈文琦
威盛电子股份有限公司董事长兼执行长
promoting sustainable practices. Terms like "green energy" , "carbon
footprint" , "renewable energy" and "sustainable development" CHEN Wenqi
Chairman & CEO of VIA Technologies, Inc.
are likely to be hot topics in 2023.

张跃：环境效益是产业在未来发展中需要关注的因素之一。未来发展如果只
注重经济效益，生态环境受到破坏，空气、食物、水和土壤受到破坏，那么这
个发展是没有意义的。

ZHANG Yue: Ecological benefit is one of the factors that industry

张跃 need to pay attention in the future development. If our development
远大科技集团有限公司董事长兼总裁
focuses only on economic benefits, and the ecological environment
ZHANG Yue is damaged, the air, food, water and soil are polluted, then the
Chairman and President of BROAD Group
development is meaningless.

雷夫·约翰森：在过去的三年里，医疗卫生系统面对很多挑战，亟须变革才能
始终保持强劲，以应对未来的潜在冲击。为建立这种具有韧性的、可持续的医

医养与健康 疗卫生系统，我们看到了推动跨行业和跨国界持续合作的迫切需求。经历疫
情后，世界正在恢复常态化，我们将积极建立新的合作伙伴关系，确保患者，
Medical Care and
特别是医疗条件薄弱地区的患者能够得到所需的医疗服务。这其中包括与我
Healthcare
们正在与Qure.ai在人工智能领域的合作，作为“爱迪生联盟10亿生命挑战”
的一个组成部分，我们计划在2025年前利用基于人工智能技术筛查500万名
肺癌患者。同时，我们与全球及本土合作伙伴携手开展了健康心脏非洲计划，
致力于帮助非洲减少高血压和心血管疾病的负担，该计划预计到2025年将帮
助1000万名非洲高血压患者。

12 博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊
Leif JOHANSSON: Over the past three years, health systems have
been pushed to their limits and change is needed to ensure they
are strong enough to deal with potential future shocks. We saw an
urgent need to drive continued collaboration across sectors and
borders, to build sustainable health systems that are resilient and
future ready. As the world returns to normal after the pandemic, we 雷夫·约翰森
博鳌亚洲论坛咨委
also seek out new partnerships that ensure patients, especially in 阿斯利康董事长
underserved communities, get the care they need. This includes
Leif JOHANSSON
partnering with Qure.ai to screen five million patients for lung Member of Council of Advisors
of the Boao Forum for Asia (BFA),
cancer by 2025 using AI-based technology, as part of the EDISON Chair of AstraZeneca
Alliance's 1 Billion Lives Challenge. Working with local and global
partners, Our Healthy Heart Africa programme has also committed
to reducing hypertension and the burden of cardiovascular disease
by reaching 10 million people with elevated blood pressure across
Africa by 2025.

张剑秋：在大众健康意识普遍提高的背景下，创新和健康将成为2023年的热
词。通过创新产品来满足消费者对健康的多元化需求。伊利集团通过创新模
式把握健康产业合作新机遇，通过创新打造智慧产业链实现健康产业的数字
化转型。

张剑秋 ZHANG Jianqiu:“Innovation”and“health”will become keywords

内蒙古伊利实业集团有限公司高级执行总裁
in the context of a general rise in public health awareness. Use
ZHANG Jianqiu creative products to satisfy the various health needs of consumers;
CEO of Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group
Co., Ltd. Take advantage of growing opportunities for collaboration across the
health business; Achieve the digital transformation of the healthcare
sector by establishing an innovative, smart supply chain.

陈文琦：伴随这几年COVID-19在全球的延续，世界人民对于公共卫生事件
越发关注起来，同时也更加注重对于健康、养生、医疗等领域的发展，特别
是目前新冠肺炎疫情尚未在世界得到完全控制的情况下，2023年， “疫苗研
发”
“病株变异”“防疫系统” “饮食健康”等依旧会是热点。

CHEN Wenqi: People in the world became aware of public health 陈文琦
威盛电子股份有限公司董事长兼执行长
events along with the outbreak of the COVID-19. And they are
paying more attention to the areas like health, fitness and medical CHEN Wenqi
Chairman & CEO of VIA Technologies, Inc.
treatment, especially given that the COVID-19 has not been
completely under control around the world. "Vaccine Research
and Development" , "Disease Strain Variation" , "Pandemic Control
Policy" and "Healthy Diet" will still be keywords in 2023.

博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊 13
 共同富裕
Common Prosperity

徐一丁：中国共产党领导全国人民，经过艰苦卓绝的努力，完成脱贫攻坚的历
史壮举，消除了绝对贫困问题，9899万贫困人口摆脱贫困，全面建成了小康
社会。接下来，推进并实现全体人民共同富裕，成为全面建设社会主义现代化
国家、实现中华民族伟大复兴的重要内容和核心目标，在“发展与普惠”中具
有统领性和全局性意义。
徐一丁
中国农业发展银行副行长
XU Yiding: Under the leadership of Communist Party of China (CPC),
XU Yiding Chinese people have, through painstaking efforts, accomplished the
Executive Vice President of Agricultural
Development Bank of China (ADBC) historic feat of eliminating absolute poverty as 98.99 million people
have been lifted out of poverty, and built a moderately prosperous
society in all respects. Looking ahead, promoting and realizing
common prosperity for all has become an important part and core
goal of building China into a modern socialist country in all respects
and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, which will
play a dominant and over-arching role in pursuing“Development
and Inclusiveness”.

翟京丽：企业是参与高质量发展、促进共同富裕的重要主体。作为一家深耕中
国多年的爱国侨企，金光集团APP多年来也凭借自身的数智化转型和绿色转
型在应对各类困难的时候进一步增强了集团的韧性。通过林浆纸一体化的数
智产业链模式，保证了集团的可持续发展良性循环，并向外扩散影响，环环相
扣，带动产业增长，实现行业共富。
翟京丽
金光集团APP（中国）副总裁
ZHAI Jingli: APP China is indeed one of the key players in creating
high-quality growth and promoting common prosperity. APP China ZHAI Jingli
Deputy CEO of Sinar Mas APP-China
is a patriotic overseas enterprise that has developed its business
in China for many years. Over these years of development, we
have likewise strengthened our resilience in dealing with difficulties
through digitalization, smart production, and green transformation.
The integrated plantation-pulp-paper model has guaranteed the
virtuous cycle of our sustainability, driven industrial growth and
benefitted the whole industry.

14 博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊
中国式现代化
「治理与安全」
Chinese Path to Governance and Security
Modernization

朱民：中国式现代化不只是简单地学习和追赶西方现代化，而是对工业革命后
建立的现代化概念的重新定义。中国式现代化标志着中国对发展的目的和手
段的深刻反思，并强调发展目的是为满足人们“美好生活”需要。中国式现代
化也将为全球共同繁荣带来新的历史机遇。

ZHU Min: The Chinese path to modernization is redefining the 朱民

中国国际经济交流中心副理事长
concept of modernization that was established following the 国际货币基金组织前副总裁
Industrial Revolution, not just learning from and keeping up with
ZHU Min
Western modernization. The Chinese path to modernization marks Vice Chairman of the China Center for International
Economic Exchanges, Former Deputy Managing
a profound reflection on the ends and means of development in Director of the International Monetary Fund
China, and emphasizes that the purpose of development is to
meet people’s needs for a“good life.”Hence, the Chinese path
to modernization will also bring new historical opportunities for
common prosperity across the world.

经济韧性
Economic Resilience

翟京丽：过去一年，虽然外部环境反复延宕，各类不确定性依然延续。但中国
成功经受疫情考验，更在2023年伊始进一步优化调整、高效统筹，加大宏观
调控力度，稳住宏观经济大盘，迎来经济“开门红”。在有效应对超预期因素
冲击高质量发展的同时，更积极推动区域平衡，促进共同富裕。让我们看到了
在此韧性下中国社会经济强大的发展能力。可见“韧性”是当今植根于中国人
翟京丽 血液中最重要的民族性格之一，也是中国体现出来的一种国家精神。金光集
金光集团APP（中国）副总裁
团将发挥自身力量，合作推动更包容、更普惠和更有韧性的全球发展。
ZHAI Jingli
Deputy CEO of Sinar Mas APP-China
ZHAI Jingli: In the past year, despite the turbulent environment
and various uncertainties, China stood the test of the pandemic.
Also, at the beginning of 2023, China made further adjustments,
strengthening macro-control to stabilize the market, and thus has
witnessed a good start to the year. While effectively responding

博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊 15
to the impact of unexpected factors on high-quality development,
China has still actively promoted regional balancing to boost
common prosperity. From these respects, we have seen the
resilience of China’s social and economic development. Therefore,
“resilience”is one of the most important national characteristics
rooted in the blood of today’s Chinese people, and is also a national
characteristic of China. APP China will exert our strength to jointly
promote a more comprehensive, inclusive and resilient form of global
development.

碳中和
与碳减排
Carbon Neutrality and
Low-carbon
Emission

高纪凡：2020年9月中国明确提出2030年“碳达峰”与2060年“碳中和”目
标，即力争2030年前实现碳达峰，2060年前实现碳中和。 “双碳”战略倡导
绿色、环保、低碳的生活方式，这有利于引导绿色技术的创新与升级。天合光
能以创新引领作为第一发展战略和核心驱动力量，搭建全面领先的科创体系。
设立在天合光能的“光伏科学与技术国家重点实验室”，是中国首批获得科
高纪凡 技部认定的光伏企业国家重点实验室之一。至今，天合光能“光伏科学与技术
天光合能有限公司董事长兼总经理
国家重点实验室”在光伏电池转换效率和组件输出功率方面先后25次创造和
GAO Jifan 刷新世界纪录。
Chairman and CEO of Trina Solar Co., Ltd.

GAO Jifan: In September 2020, China stated explicitly that it would

achieve the goal of peaking carbon emissions by 2030 and reaching
carbon neutrality by 2060. The“dual carbon”strategy advocates a
green, eco-friendly and low-carbon lifestyle, which benefits green
technological innovation and upgrading. Based on an innovation-
led development strategy, Trina Solar has built a leading system
of scientific innovation. The State Key Laboratory of PV Science
and Technology at Trina Solar is one of China’s first State Key
Laboratories of a photovoltaic (PV) enterprise designated by the
Ministry of Science and Technology, and has, to date, broken 25
world records for solar cell efficiency and module power.

16 博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊
 王乃祥：积极推进碳减排工作，是实现2030年前碳达峰的重要内容。中国
“十四五”规划和2035年远景目标纲要将“2025年单位GDP二氧化碳排放较
2020年降低18%”作为约束性指标，这一目标的达成将为实现碳达峰、碳中和
奠定坚实基础。2022年10月，生态环境部相关负责人指出，温室气体自愿减
排交易市场是全国碳排放权交易市场的一个有益补充，启动自愿减排交易市
场有利于充分调动全社会力量共同参与应对气候变化工作，也为社会和企业 王乃祥
北京绿色交易所董事长
参与这项工作提供了一个新的平台，有助于推动实现碳达峰、碳中和目标。
WANG Naixiang
Chairman of China Beijing Green Exchange
WANG Naixiang: Promoting carbon emission reduction is an
important part of achieving the carbon peak by 2030. China's
14th Five-Year Plan and the Long-Range Objectives Through the
Year 2035 outline the binding target of reducing carbon dioxide
emissions per unit of GDP by 18% in 2025 compared to 2020, and
achieving this target will lay a solid foundation for achieving the
carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals. In October 2022, offical
of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the PRC, pointed out
that the voluntary greenhouse gas emissions reduction market is a
useful supplement to the national carbon emissions trading market,
and that the launch of the voluntary emissions reduction market is
conducive to mobilizing the whole society to participate in the work
of responding to climate change, and provides a new platform for
the society and enterprises to participate in this work, helping to
promote achieve the goal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality.

博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊 17
 全球供应链
Global Supply Chain

陈江和：近几十年来形成的全球供应链已成为经济全球一体化不可或缺的组
成部分和重要象征，对世界经济的繁荣和发展也功不可没。然而，近年来，随
着疫情暴发、俄乌冲突和中美竞争，地缘政治因素抬头，具有区域性质的合作
和贸易协定也越来越流行。那么，在这样的时代背景下，全球供应链是否需要
重构？又该如何重构？又如何能够确保全球供应链的稳定和安全？我认为，
这一系列问题将成为当下和未来5年-10年全球经济最热门的话题。 陈江和
新加坡金鹰集团主席
中国环境与发展国际合作委员会委员
Sukanto Tanoto：The global supply chain that has emerged in
Sukanto Tanoto
recent decades has become an indispensable part and an important Chairman of RGE, Member of China Council for
International Cooperation on Environment and
symbol of global economic integration, contributing significantly Development (CCICED)
to the world economy’s prosperity and development. However,
geopolitical tension is rising. As a result of COVID-19, the Russia-
Ukraine conflict, and Sino-US competition, regional cooperation
and trade agreements are becoming more and more popular. Is it
necessary to restructure the global supply chain in this context?
How can we reconstruct it? How can we ensure global supply
chains’stability and security? These problems, in my opinion, will be
the most hotly debated in global economic discourse both today and
in the ensuing 5 to 10 years.

18 博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊
 「区域与全球」
Regional and Global

秩序、
乌卡时代
Order、VUCA

肯特·加尔德：在地区和全球范围内，我们都需要“秩序”为公共和私人行动
确立共同的规则或规范。

Kent C. CALDER: Order is what we need in both regional and global 肯特·加尔德
约翰霍普金斯大学东亚研究中心主任
cases to stabilize common rules or parameters for public and private
action. Kent C. CALDER
Director of Reischauer Center for East Asian Studies,
Johns Hopkins University SAIS

唐修国：乌卡时代，源于20世纪90年代的军事领域术语，是指一个变幻莫测
的时代，是一个有着易变性、不确定性、复杂性和模糊性的时代。大国博弈、
局部冲突、汇率波动、供应链重组等危机不仅仅让国际经济环境恶化，也给企
业整体经营环境增加了不确定性。如何在乌卡时代的宏观环境下应对国际化
经营带来的挑战，并寻找确定性的发展机遇，将是2023年的热点。
唐修国
三一集团有限公司总裁
TANG Xiuguo：VUCA, a military term widely used in the 1990s, is
TANG Xiuguo an acronym that stands for volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and
President of Sany Group Co. Ltd.
ambiguity. Crises such as the great power competition, regional
conflicts, exchange rate fluctuations, and supply chain reconstruction
not only worsen the international economic environment, but also
add uncertainty to the overall business environment. Overcoming
the challenges in international operations in the macro-environment
of the VUCA era, and seeking out deterministic development
opportunities will be the focus of 2023.

博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊 19
 开放与包容
Openness and
Inclusiveness

曾从钦
博鳌亚洲论坛机构理事
五粮液集团（股份）公司党委书记、董事长
ZENG Congqin
Corporate Member of the Boao Forum for Asia
(BFA),Secretary of the CPC Committee and
Chairman of Wuliangye Group Co.,
Ltd and Wuliangye Yibin Co., Ltd.
曾从钦：开放包容是人类繁荣进步的基本条件。当今世界进入新的动荡变革
期，但经济全球化始终是历史潮流，面对全球各地区及各国在经济体制、发展
水平、规模体量等方面存在的巨大差异，需要我们秉持开放精神，共享发展资
源，推进合作共赢，共谋更包容、更普惠、更可持续的发展，构建人类命运共
同体。在国家宏观框架层面，倡导共建“一带一路”，推动RCEP、CPTPP，
推进自由贸易试验区建设等，均贯穿着开放包容的理念，致力于打造更高水
平的开放格局。在企业微观落实层面，五粮液集团始终立足中华优秀传统文
化，弘扬“和美”的共同价值观，坚定“走出去”步伐，持续完善海外营销网
络；开展多领域的产业互助、技术交流、标准认定和金融投资等合作接洽，践
行全球发展理念；引领推动中外酒企友好互动，构建世界酒业命运共同体；积
极融入各大国际活动、国际平台，促进中外文明交融互鉴，这既是对国家政策
的积极响应，也是企业讲好中国故事、推进民心相通的坚定选择。

ZENG Congqin: Openness and inclusiveness are the basic

requirements for the prosperity and progress of human beings.
The world is entering a new era of turbulence and change, but
economic globalization remains being the historical trend. Amid
huge differences among regions and countries in terms of economic
systems, development stages and scale, we need to uphold the
spirit of openness, share development resources, promote win-
win cooperation, seek more inclusive, more accessible and more
sustainable development, and build a community with a shared
future for mankind. As been outlined in macro framework, advocating
the joint construction of the Belt and Road, promoting RCEP and
CPTPP, and facilitating the construction of the pilot free trade zones,
all reflect the concept of openness and inclusiveness, and are
committed to building a higher level of openness. At the micro level
of company implementation, Wuliangye Group is always rooted
in Chinese traditional culture, advocating the common value of
"harmony" while "going global" and improving its overseas marketing
network. Wuliangye carries out cooperation and communication
in many fields, such as mutual assistance, technology exchange,
standard accreditation and financial investment, to practice the
concept of global development. The group leads and facilitates
friendly interaction among Chinese and foreign liquor enterprises to
build a community with a shared future for the world liquor industry. It
also actively participates in major international events and platforms
to promote mutual learning and exchanges between Chinese and
foreign civilizations, which is a positive response to the national
policy, and also a firm choice for the company to tell the Chinese
story to the world and push forward people-to-people exchanges.

20 博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊
 和平与安全
Peace and Security

张跃：围绕安全要有创新，甚至是颠覆性的创新措施。所有传统的老的产业，
所有与生存质量相关的居住、饮食、交通等问题，如果不用创新的手法，就都
可能对生存质量造成危害。比方说遇到地震的时候，房子是无论如何不能让
它倒的，那就必须用钢结构，而不是混凝土；比方说食物不能采用危害健康的
老的高效率的农业的方式，包括使用致癌的添加剂和农药、化肥等。
张跃
远大科技集团有限公司董事长兼总裁
ZHANG Yue: Safety has to be ensured by disruptive innovation. All
the traditional industries, all the issues related to quality of life such ZHANG Yue
Chairman and President of BROAD Group
as housing, foods, transportation, etc. May be harmful to the quality
of life if we don't use innovative methods. For example, in the event
of an earthquake, the house must not fall down in any way, and then
the steel structure should be used instead of the concrete structure.
The foods must be safe. The old efficient agricultural methods that
are harmful to health, including the use of carcinogenic additives,
pesticides and fertilizers, cannot be used.

陈文琦：2022年世界安全形势中存在多个局部动荡或战争地区，这对于全球
很多国家和地区无论是地区安全、经济发展、人类生存等都产生了重要的影
响，因此，2023年对于世界和平的期望仍然会是年度一大热点。

CHEN Wenqi: There were multiple areas of local unrest or war

陈文琦 in the world in 2022, and they exerted an important impact on
威盛电子股份有限公司董事长兼执行长
many countries and regions, whether in terms of regional security,
CHEN Wenqi economic development, or human survival. Therefore, the hope for
Chairman & CEO of VIA Technologies, Inc.
world peace will remain a key focus in 2023.

博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊 21
 「当下与未来」
The Present and the Future
循环经济
Circular Economy

阿卜杜拉哈曼·阿尔-法季：通过深化和扩大合作，化工行业能够进一步赋能
循环经济的发展，在未来实现真正的可持续增长。通过价值链的循环，也就是
将废弃物进行回收再利用，可以有效应对气候变化、生物多样性丧失和塑料
污染等问题。

Abdulrahman AI-Fageeh：By deepening and broadening this 阿卜杜拉哈曼·阿尔-法季

博鳌亚洲论坛理事
collaboration, the chemical industry can build the circular economy 沙特基础工业公司执行CEO
that is essential for true sustainability. Circularizing the value chain—
Abdulrahman AI-Fageeh
that is, linking a product’s end of life with a new beginning—helps Board Member of Boao Forum for Asia
(BFA), CEO (A) of SABIC
to tackle the current planetary crises related to a changing climate,
loss of biodiversity, and plastic pollution.

人工智能
Artificial Intelligence
（AI）

张亚勤：人工智能作为重要的赋能型技术，可以升级IT产业、改变现有工业，
并创造新兴产业。在人工智能技术的赋能下，智慧交通、工业互联网和医疗行
业，将迎来全新的产业机遇。

ZHANG Ya-Qin: Artificial intelligence (AI) is an empowerment

张亚勤 technology that can help upgrade the IT industry, change existing
清华大学讲席教授、智能产业研究院(AIR)院长、
中国工程院院士 industries and create new industries. Empowered by AI technology,
intelligent transportation systems, the industrial internet and the
ZHANG Ya-Qin
Chair Professor of Tsinghua University, Dean of medical industry will usher in brand new opportunities.
Institute for AI Industry Research (AIR) of Tsinghua
University, Foreign Member of the Chinese Academy
of Engineering (CAE)

22 博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊
陈文琦：2023年开年，随着ChatGPT“火出圈”，人工智能和AI机器人迎来
了高速发展的黄金期，世界主要国家更是把人工智能视为“改变游戏规则”的
颠覆性技术，积极争夺该领域的战略制高点。人工智能应用场景也已经涉及到
生产生活的各个方面，涵盖制造、生态农业、医疗健康、金融、交通运输、城市
管理、文旅教育、公共安全、能源等多个重要领域。
陈文琦
威盛电子股份有限公司董事长兼执行长
CHEN Wenqi: With ChatGPT garnering great attention at the onset
of 2023, artificial intelligence (AI) and AI robots have ushered in a CHEN Wenqi
Chairman & CEO of VIA Technologies, Inc.
golden period of rapid development. Major countries regard AI as
a disruptive technology that changes the rules of the game and are
actively competing for a vantage point in the field. AI application
scenarios have also come to involve all aspects of production
and life, covering many important fields such as manufacturing,
ecological agriculture, medical health, finance, transportation, urban
management, culture, tourism, education, public safety, and energy.

能源革命
Energy Revolution

高纪凡：根据国际能源署预测，未来全球近70%的发电量将来自太阳能光伏
和风能。按照目前新能源的发展速度，预计到2035年，中国将率先建成清洁
低碳、安全高效的电力体系。中国沙漠面积达128万平方公里，只要在5%的
沙漠戈壁荒漠上全铺上太阳能板，中国到2060年的能源需求就都可以满足。
天合光能将为中国持续推进产业结构和能源结构调整，大力发展可再生能源
高纪凡
天光合能有限公司董事长兼总经理 贡献力量。

GAO Jifan
Chairman and CEO of Trina Solar Co., Ltd.
GAO Jifan: The International Energy Agency estimates that
approximately 70% of the world’s electricity will be generated by
PV and wind. Based on the current pace of development, China is
expected to be the first in the world to complete the construction of a
clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient power system by 2035. Desert
accounts for 1.28 million square kilometers of China’s land area. If

博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊 23
solar panels were to be installed over just 5% of the desert, China will
achieve energy self-sufficiency by 2060. Trina Solar is committed
to contribute to China’s efforts to transform its industry and energy
mix and to develop renewable energy.

唐修国：人类社会正在经历第三次能源革命，相比于第一次能源革命使用的
煤炭，第二次能源革命使用的石油和天然气，当前人类正在开发利用新的能
源形式，包括太阳能、风能、水电与核电等。这些新能源更加低碳、无碳，也具
备可再生能源的属性，因此，加快建设新型能源体系是推动可持续发展的一
项重要举措。

TANG Xiuguo：Human society is experiencing a third energy 唐修国

三一集团有限公司总裁
revolution. Compared with the coal used in the first energy revolution
and the oil and natural gas used in the second energy revolution, TANG Xiuguo
President of Sany Group Co. Ltd.
the world is currently developing and utilizing new forms of energy,
including solar, wind, hydro, and nuclear power. These new energy
sources are often low-carbon or carbon-free, and also have
the attributes of renewable energy. Therefore, accelerating the
construction of a new energy system is an important measure to
promote sustainable development.

数字化转型
Digital
Transformation

陈文琦：增强现实和虚拟现实技术的巨大发展，使得沉浸式交互设备能够为
使用者进入元宇宙提供完全真实、持久且顺畅的交互体验。2023年，元宇宙
会持续受到业界关注，但与之前所不同的是，市场将更加趋于理性发展，更先
进的虚拟形象技术或将出现，包括“元宇宙”“区块链”
“数字孪生” “加密技
术”等与元宇宙休戚相关的词汇仍会是业界探讨的重点。
陈文琦
威盛电子股份有限公司董事长兼执行长 随着企业和组织都持续向数字化世界靠拢，
“数字化转型”
“电子商务”
“网络
CHEN Wenqi 安全”
“云计算”将会得到越来越多的关注。
Chairman & CEO of VIA Technologies, Inc.

24 博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊
 CHEN Wenqi: The tremendous development of augmented reality
and virtual reality technology enables immersive interactive devices
to provide users with a completely real, enduring, and smooth
interactive experience in the metaverse. In 2023, the metaverse will
continue to attract the attention of the industry, but unlike before,
the market will develop more rationally, and more advanced avatar
technologies may emerge. Vocabulary related to the metaverse,
including "metaverse" , "blockchain" , "digital twin" , and "encryption
technology" , will still be the focus of industry discussions.

As businesses and organizations continue to shift towards a more

digital landscape, there will be increased focus on topics such as
"digital transformation" , "e-commerce," "cybersecurity ", and "cloud
computing."

陈文琦：诚然，人口老龄化给各国财政预算、经济发展、劳动力市场和养老照
护等带来了重大挑战，但人口老龄化带来挑战的同时，也给产业带来了机遇。
老龄化社会、 人口老龄化最终将推动智能制造和工业4.0时代的全面到来。应对老龄化是

未来的就业 人类社会的共同课题，我们要把创新作为积极应对人口老龄化的强大动力和
战略支撑，变挑战为机遇，依靠创新走上经济社会可持续增长的发展道路。
Aging Society、
Future Work 由于技术的革新、远程办公以及对工作-生活平衡的态度变化，人们的工作方
式正在迅速发生变化。 “远程办公”
“零工经济”
“弹性办公”
“工作生活平衡”
将成为2023年度的关键词。

CHEN Wenqi: It is true that an aging population poses major

challenges to national budgets, economic development, labor
market and old-age care, but it also brings opportunities to
industries. Ultimately, population aging will promote intelligent
manufacturing and the arrival of industry 4.0 era comprehensively.
陈文琦
威盛电子股份有限公司董事长兼执行长 We should take innovation as a strong driving force and strategic
CHEN Wenqi
support to actively cope with the aging population, turn challenges
Chairman & CEO of VIA Technologies, Inc. into oppor tunities, and embark on the development path of
sustainable economic and social growth through innovation.

The way people work is changing rapidly due to technological

advancements, remote work, and changing attitudes towards
work-life balance. Terms like "remote work" , "gig economy" ,
"flexible work" , "and "work-life balance" are likely to be hot topics
in 2023.

博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊 25
 嘉宾问答  Guest Q&A

26 博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊
 「专家观点」
Expert Insights

朱民
中国国际经济交流中心副理事长
国际货币基金组织前副总裁

ZHU Min
Vice Chairman of the China Center for International
Economic Exchanges, Former Deputy Managing Director
of the International Monetary Fund

问：中国式现代化的重要特征是什么？ 成为最重要的发展动力。中国的研发投入迎来进一步的
答：中国式现代化是既有各国现代化的共同特征，更 上升，强化国家战略科技力量，集聚力量进行原创性引
是基于自己国情的中国特色，是人口规模巨大的现代化， 领性科技攻关。中国的研发强度需要从2020的2.4%进
是全体人民共同富裕的现代化，是物质文明和精神文明 一步上升，十四五期间全社会研发经费投入年均增长7%
相协调的现代化，是人与自然和谐共生的现代化，是走和 以上。
平发展道路的现代化。 由于创新具有较大的外部性，必须依靠政府投入，财
中国已经实现人均GDP1.2万美元，正在向中等高收 政和金融都要加强对科技创新的支持力度。财政的直接支
入国家迈进。要实现中国式现代化，就需要跨过中等收入 持规模可能继续上升，政策性金融的作用也将继续扩大。
陷阱，本质上要摆脱粗放型发展，提升全要素生产率。中国 在逆全球化下继续加大全球合作，中国发挥市场规模优
正在逐渐退出“投资+房地产+出口”的旧增长模式，转而 势，吸引外资外商合作。深入实施科教兴国和人才强国战
“消费+制造+绿色+创新”的新增长模式。中国有全球最 略，要加快建设世界重要人才中心和创新高地。北京、上
大的中产阶级群体，4亿中产阶级，对美好生活的追求是促 海、粤港澳大湾区已启动高水平人才高地建设试点，一些
进消费的根源，是巨大的内需市场。中国坚持市场对外开 中心城市已开始建设人才平台的“3+N”空间战略布局。
放，创造全球最大需求市场，促进消费拉动经济增长。居民
政府消费，叠加制造业投资将替代房地产，拉动经济增长。 二、推动绿色发展，人与自然和谐共生
同时，中国提出碳中和目标，将以“人与自然和谐共 2020年9月22日，习近平主席在第七十五届联合国
生”的绿色发展范式实现自身的现代化。这种新的发展范 大会上宣布，中国力争2030年前实现碳达峰，2060年前
式，基于环境与发展之间的相互促进。这种相互促进，为 实现碳中和。中国的“双碳”承诺，既是中国应对全球气候
国与国之间的合作共赢奠定了新的基础。 变化的大国担当，也是中国以碳中和推动经济绿色转型和
全面建设社会主义现代化国家的战略选择。碳中和目标
问：进入新发展阶段实现中国式现代化的首要任务 和“中国式现代化”
，都意味着发展范式的深刻转变。一个
是什么？ 能够纳入内生化自然资本收益、基于福祉的新发展范式，
答：高质量发展是全面建设社会主义现代化国家的 将不仅造福中国，也对世界其他地区至关重要。
首要任务。在经济方面的落实上，发展仍是“第一要务”
， 虽然挑战巨大，但碳中和更将成为中国经济“换道超
着力点是实体经济，市场在配置资源上仍起决定性作用， 车”和高质量发展的新动力。碳中和并不意味着以高昂的
更好发挥政府作用，坚持对非公有制经济的鼓励、支持、 代价来牺牲经济增长。相反，它可以在诸多方面促进经济
引导。 增长，尤其是在就业、效率提升和经济转型升级等重要方
面。例如，随着新能源发电技术和电动汽车的快速发展，
一、创新是第一动力 碳中和对促进增长的作用在能源和交通运输领域尤为明
中国40年的改革开放，受益于人口红利与城镇化发 显。2021年，中国光伏装机比上年增长20.9%，风电增
展对经济发展的推动作用。在进入新发展阶段后，创新 长16.7%。到2022年6月，中国新能源汽车产销量连续7

博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊 27
年居世界第一。全球近40%的可再生能源工作岗位在中
国。在互联网、5G、人工智能（AI）
、特高压（UHV）
、数字
基础设施等一系列低碳技术领域，中国也获得新的竞争
优势。这些新技术为中国提供了潜在的巨大出口机会。毫
无疑问，碳中和将为中国提供发展尖端零碳技术、零碳制
造和零碳服务体系的巨大机遇，并重塑整个经济系统和
部门。
三、区域协调发展
协调和平衡是中国是现代化实现的关键。区域协调
发展是共同富裕下政策的必然，通过进一步推动区域协
调、充分发展以实现共同富裕。也是中国产业转型升级的
合理要求，比如通过优化生产力布局以避免区域无序竞
争，促进制造业梯度转移有序开展和承接等。近年来我国
在电子信息、高端装备、新能源车、石化、船舶等方面正
在优化产业集群的布局。在实现中国是现代化中需要妥
善处理就业、产业、地方财政、社会保障、生态环境、金
融市场等方面的重大结构性变化。公平问题，既是特定地
区、行业和群体公平分担发展的结构性成本的问题，也是
公平分享现代化带来的“福祉”的问题。
四、完善分配制度，健全公共服务体系
鼓励勤劳致富、促进机会公平。我国劳动报酬占GDP
比重虽然在2011年后持续上升，但国际对比看仍有提升
空间。二次分配还存在流转税占比高、对低收入家庭转移
支付较少、区域和城乡发展不平衡等问题需要解决，需要
加大政府税收和转移支付改革。健全公共服务体系，加大
教育、卫生、医疗、等公共卫生体系，加强重大疫情防控
救治体系和应急能力建设。
五、推进制度型开放
中国进出口金额占GDP比重由2006年的64%下降
到了2021年的34%，贸易顺差占GDP比重也保持在相
对均衡的水平，中国正在推动高水平的对外开放。提升国
际循环质量和水平要求稳步扩大规则、规制、管理、标准
等制度型开放。中国正在推进RCEP等自贸协议的签署
和落实，积极研究加入CPTPP，外商投资准入负面清单
进一步缩减。持续推动国内市场高效畅通和规模拓展、加
快营造稳定公平透明可预期的营商环境、进一步降低市
场交易成本、促进科技创新和产业升级、培育参与国际竞
争合作新优势。■
28 博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊
Q：What are the important characteristics of the
Chinese path to modernization?
A：Chinese path to modernization contains elements
that are common to all the modernization processes, but
is more characterized by China’s unique development
context. It is the modernization of a huge population, of
common prosperity for all, of material and cultural-ethical
advancement, of harmony between humanity and nature,
and of peaceful development.
China’s per capita GDP has reached $12,000 and
is becoming wealthier. Realizing Chinese path to mod-
ernization means escaping the middle-income trap. It is
necessary to move away from the extensive growth mod-
el and to improve total factor productivity. China is transi-
tioning from the old development model of“investment +
real estate + export”to the new model of“consumption +
manufacturing + green + innovation”. It has the world’s
largest middle-class population, numbering 400 million,
and is committed to opening its market. Household con-
sumption, government spending, and investment in the
manufacturing industry will replace the real estate indus-
try to drive economic growth. China’s carbon neutrality
goal indicates that its modernization includes adopting a
green development paradigm of“harmony between hu-
manity and nature.”The reciprocal promotion of develop-
ment and the environment is the foundation of this new
paradigm, which has set a new basis for win-win global
cooperation.
Q: What is the prime task for achieving the Chinese
path to modernization at the new stage of development?
A: High-quality development is the prime task of
building a modern socialist country in all respects. De-
velopment remains as the“top priority” , the focus is on
the real economy, and the market plays a decisive role in
resource allocation. The government should further op-
timize its role and functions while promoting, supporting,
and guiding the development of the private sector.
1. Innovation is the primary driving force
The demographic dividend and urbanization have
fueled China’s economic development in the past
40 years of reform and opening-up. Innovation has
emerged as the most important driver as China enters
the new stage of development. China will further in-
crease investments in technology R&D, consolidate its
strategic strength in science and technology, and nurture
original and cutting-edge scientific research ability. Dur-
ing the 14th Five-Year Plan period, China’s R&D invest-
ments need to be raised further from 2.4% in 2020 at an
annual growth rate of more than 7%.
Science, technology, and innovation require more
fiscal and financial support. Both the amount of direct
fiscal support and the significance of policy financing are
expected to keep growing. In the face of deglobalization,
China has continued to broaden international collabora-
tion, leverage the scale of its market, and attract foreign
investments. To implement the strategy of rejuvenat-
ing the country through science and education and the
strategy of strengthening the nation with trained person-
nel, a pilot project for high-level talents development has
been initiated in Beijing, Shanghai, and the Guangdong-
Hong Kong-Macao-Great Bay Area.
2. Harmony between humanity and nature driv-
en by green development
On September 22, 2020, Chinese President Xi Jin-
ping announced China’s“30·60”decarbonization goal
at the 75th session of the United Nations General Assem-
bly, which is not only China’s responsibility as a major
country to cope with climate change, but also a strategic
decision to promote the green transition of China’s econ-
omy. The pursuit of Chinese modernization, together with
the goal of carbon neutrality, implies a profound transfor-
mation in the development paradigm. It will benefit China
and the rest of the world in adopting a new development
paradigm that embraces the advantages of endogenous
natural capital and is centered on social well-being.
Carbon neutrality will drive China’s economy to
change its lane and expand in a high-quality model.
Carbon neutrality doesn’t mean sacrificing economic
growth at a high cost, instead, it will support economic
growth in various ways, particularly in increasing em-
ployment, improving efficiency, and accelerating eco-
nomic transformation and upgradation. For instance,
carbon neutrality has brought remarkable change in the
energy and transportation sectors. China’s installed
photovoltaic (PV) capacity increased by 20.9% in 2021,
and wind power increased by 16.7%. For seven years
running, China has ranked top 1 in new-energy vehicle
production and sales. Nearly 40% of renewable energy
jobs are in China.China is also acquiring new competi-
tive advantages in a series of low-carbon technology
fields. Carbon neutrality will undoubtedly give China a
great opportunity to develop cutting-edge zero-carbon
manufacturing, technology, and service system as well
as to reshape the entire economic systems and sectors.
3. Coordinating development across regions
Coordination and balance are the key to realizing
Chinese modernization. To achieve common prosper-
ity, regional coordination and comprehensive develop-
ment are to be encouraged. Also, it is a reasonable move
for China’s industrial transformation and upgradation,
by optimizing the layout of productive forces to support
the orderly development of manufacturing sectors, while
avoiding regional chaotic competition. China continues to
improve its industrial cluster layouts in electronic informa-
tion, high-end equipment, new-energy vehicles, petro-
chemicals, and ship-building industries in recent years.
To achieve Chinese path to modernization, significant
structural changes in employment, industry, local finance,
social security, ecological environment, and financial
markets must be adequately handled. Equity involves not
only the equitable sharing of the structural costs of devel-
opment among different regions, industries and groups,
but also the equitable sharing of the“benefits”that mod-
ernization brings.
4. Improving the income distribution and public
service system
We should encourage hard work to achieve prosper-
ity and promote equality of opportunity. Although the share
of labor income to China’s GDP kept increasing from
2011, there is still large gap compared with the globe. Re-
distribution needs to be optimized, including the high share
of turnover taxes, insufficient transfer payments to low-
income households, and uneven regional and urban-rural
growth. Thus, greater efforts are called to intensify the re-
form of government transfers and taxation, to improve the
public service system, enhance education, health, medical
care, and other public health systems, and to strengthen
the prevention, control and treatment system, and emer-
gency response capacity for major epidemics.
5. Further institutional opening-up
The share of China’s imports and exports of GDP
decreased from 64% in 2006 to 34% in 2021, and the
trade surplus remained at a relative equilibrium level in
proportion to GDP. Improving the quality and level of in-
ternational circulation requires a steadier expansion of
institutional opening-up, such as rules, regulations, man-
agement, and standards. China is advancing the imple-
mentation of free trade agreements like the RCEP, active-
ly considering joining the CPTPP, and further reducing the
negative list of foreign investment in China. It continues to
encourage the efficient and smooth operation and growth
of the domestic market, accelerate the development of a
predictable, fair, and transparent business environment,
lower the costs of market transactions, support scientific
and technological advancement and industrial upgrading,
and cultivate new competitive and cooperative advan-
tages on the global stage. ■
博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊 29
 肯特·加尔德
约翰霍普金斯大学东亚研究中心主任

Kent C. CALDER
Director of Reischauer Center for East Asian Studies,
Johns Hopkins University SAIS

问：
“一带一路”倡议是中国的全球化倡议，2023年是 规模。尽管这一合作在能源领域变得更加紧密，在电子
倡议提出十周年。中国与“一带一路”沿线国家高质量共 和人工智能方面也是如此，但该合作在很多领域依然存
建了中欧班列、中老铁路等一系列重大互联互通项目，硕 在诸多商业摩擦，这些摩擦往往会被政治化。例如，互联
果累累。2022年七国集团提出了6000亿美元的全球基础 网法规和税收便是欧洲监管机构与美国高科技公司经常
设施伙伴倡议。国际社会如何推动全球互联互通建设在规 交锋的领域。
划、资金、技术等方面的有机合作，防止阵营化？ 在欧洲内部，跨大西洋合作的紧密度亦存在地域差
答：为了提升国际互联项目的协同性，我觉得应系 异。尤为值得一提的是，英美合作有所加强，部分原因在
统性地认真考虑扩大亚投行与其他主要全球和区域机构 于结构相似的监管系统以及经济互补性。然而，美国与
之间的联合融资，例如和世界银行和亚洲开发银行的联 德国、法国之间的合作则更慢一些，而且遇到了更多的
合融资。欧亚以及全球南方国家基础设施的需求是巨大 当地监管阻力，尤其是电信领域。
的，而且很多重点项目的规模十分庞大。然而不幸的是， 更紧密的跨大西洋合作对全球的影响是复杂的。说
有鉴于当前各国利率的波动以及大量的地缘政治摩擦， 到跨大西洋合作对全球技术进步和增长的加速作用，以
潜在风险异常之高，因此，联合融资对于任何一家机构 及全球可交易商品的供应，其全球影响将是积极的。然
来说都将是重要的风险规避举措，同时还能满足扩大受 而在某些场景中，这一现象的危险之处在于，它会滋生
众面的目标。此举还将再次敦促各机构共同构建稳定的 带有政治色彩的排他主义，后者会加速通胀，尤其是商
相互依存关系，同时分享技术专长，并向设立统一的评 品领域，以及技术领域的地缘经济对抗。■
估标准迈进。

问：随着欧洲加速摆脱对俄罗斯能源的依赖，欧洲能
源转型在2023年将会明显提速，欧洲进口美国能源的比
重会显著增加。此外，美欧高技术企业之间的相互投资和
AI数据分享也明显加强，照此趋势，美欧更紧密的“能源
+产业+贸易”同盟关系对世界会有何影响？
答：从广义上来看，受俄乌冲突及其更广泛的经济影
响，包括能源短缺以及与俄罗斯脱钩的意愿，跨大西洋政
治经济关系确实变得越发紧密。例如，美国向欧洲出口的
液化天然气总量在过去一年翻了一番。跨大西洋防御合
作在一定程度上亦有所增强，尤其是与俄乌冲突本身相
关的领域。人工智能和高科技也是跨大西洋合作的增长
点。很明显，半导体资本设备也是其中的一个领域。
然而，我们不应该过度笼统地解读跨大西洋合作的

30 博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊
 Q：The year 2023 is the 10th anniversary of the
Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), a China-proposed
global initiative. China and the countries along the BRI
have built a series of significant interconnection proj-
ects, such as the China-Europe Railway Express and
the China-Laos Railway, with fruitful results. In 2022,
the G-7 launched a $600 billion Partnership for Global
Infrastructure and Investment. What can the interna-
tional community do to promote synergy in planning,
financing, and technology application in building global
interconnection while preventing fragmentation?
A: To enhance synergy in international intercon-
nection projects, I feel that expanded co-financing
among the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB)
and other major global and regional institutions, such
as the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank,
should be systematically and seriously considered.
The need for transnational infrastructure across Eur-
asia, and across the Global South also, is huge, and
many of the key projects are large scale. The potential
risk, in a world of fluctuating interest rates and sub-
stantial geopolitical tensions, is unfortunately high, so
co-financing could be an important means of reduc-
ing risk for any one institution, while serving broader
human goals. It would also be a means of reaffirming
shared commitment to stable interdependence, while
sharing technical expertise and moving toward uniform
evaluation standards.
Q: As Europe accelerates its break from de-
pendence on Russian energy, the European energy
transition will increase significantly, and the portion of
energy imported to Europe from the U.S. will increase
substantially in 2023. Besides, the U.S. and Europe
have been working on mutual investment in high-tech
companies and AI data sharing. How would this closer
alliance between the U.S. and Europe in“energy +
trade + industry”affect the world?
A：At the margins, it is indeed true that transat-
lantic political-economic relations are indeed growing
closer, driven by the Russia-Ukraine conflict and its
broader economic effects, including energy shortages
and the desire to disengage from Russia. US LNG
exports to Europe, for example, have doubled over
the past year. Transatlantic defense cooperation has
also intensified to some degree, especially in sectors
relating to the Ukraine conflict itself. AI and high-tech
are also areas of growing collaboration, as mentioned.
Semiconductor capital equipment is clearly one such
sector.
One should not, however, overgeneralize the
scale of this cooperation. While it is growing in energy
and possibly in electronics and AI, commercial ten-
sions remain across the Atlantic in many sectors, and
those often become politicized as well. Internet regu-
lation and taxation, for example, is an area where Eu-
ropean regulatory authorities and American high-tech
firms have frequently clashed.
There are also geographical differences within
Europe in the degree of transatlantic cooperation.
Anglo-American cooperation, in particular, has in-
tensified, in part due to structurally similar regulatory
systems and economic complementarities. Yet coop-
eration with Germany and France has developed more
slowly, and with more local regulatory resistance, es-
pecially in sectors like telecommunications.
Implications for the broader world are probably
mixed. To the extent that transatlantic cooperation ac-
celerates the pace of global technological advance-
ment and growth, and the supply of globally tradeable
goods, the results could be internationally positive. The
danger, however, in some cases is politically tinged
exclusivism, that accelerates inflation, especially in
the area of commodities, and geoeconomic rivalries in
technology. ■
博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊 31
 张亚勤
清华大学讲席教授、智能产业研究院（AIR）院长、
中国工程院院士

ZHANG Ya-Qin
Chair Professor of Tsinghua University, Dean of
Institute for AI Industry Research (AIR) of Tsinghua
University, Member of the Chinese Academy of
Engineering (CAE)

问：ChatGPT让世人对AI的认知进入新阶段。AI在 则——理解技术本身的意义及其可能带来的结果。在做
下一时期可能会在哪些产业得到快速运用？对就业的冲 科研时，人们通常专注于“如何”
，而忽略了“为何”
。而在
击有多大？ 人工智能时代，研究人员必须明白技术的使用情况和潜
答：根据麦卡锡发布的报告预测，到2030年AI带来 在的滥用情况，并将伦理问题和价值观置于技术之上。
的GDP总和将超过15万亿美元，其中主要价值都来自
AI技术与产业的融合。这意味着AI带来的GDP将超过 问：疫情是数字化发展的催化剂。在疫情之中，远程
中国的GDP。这是一个非常震撼的数字，这也将是人类 办公、电子商务、大数据等都对维持社会和经济的基本
历史上前所未有的产业革命规模。 运转起到关键作用。但疫情演变三年，数字化进程让生
我认为我们已经开启了第四次工业革命的序章。以 产率激增的证据还有待观察。从您所在的行业看，数字
人工智能技术为核心驱动力，在不久的将来，从整个世 化到底可以解决怎样的行业痛点？如何能够在提升生产
界到每个人的生存状态，都会变得更加智能。 率方面起到真实推动？
值得关注的一点是，我认为研究AI技术，推动AI技 答：IT技术的发展有三个大的趋势，数字内容从1.0
术产业落地时，需要尽可能地秉持3R原则，即Respon- 时代逐步迈入3.0时代；人工智能从符号推理、深度学习，
sive（积极响应）
、Resilient（适应发展）
、Responsible（坚 走向知识+数据驱动的3.0；产业从信息化、互联网+，走
守价值）
。特别是最近以ChatGPT为代表的生成式AI给 向智能+3.0时代。
我们带来更多的责任和要求。 现在，我们进入了数字化3.0时期，一是物理世界的
首先，第一原则是积极响应。在AI技术的快速发展 数字化，我也把它叫做“互联网的物理化”——汽车、公
中，研究者应致力于研究回应社会和行业需求的技术， 路、交通、工厂、电网、机器，乃至所有移动设备、家庭、
例如，用来预测和防范疫情的数据分析模型，推动药物 城市都在数字化。数据指数增长，比如一辆无人车每天
发明进程的深度学习算法，提升个人健康水平的应用开 产生的数据量大约5T；相比于数据主要提供给人员辅助
发，以及能够挽救生命、减少交通事故、改善环境的自动 决策的1.0和2.0时代，数字化3.0时期99%以上数据是
驾驶和智慧交通等技术。 M2M和机器决策。
第二原则是适应发展。AI技术的发展与突破并非单 二是生物世界的数字化，我们的大脑、器官、DNA、
向度的，并不仅仅以模型的精度和鲁棒性判断一切。我们 蛋白质、细胞、分子……都在数字化。生物芯片、组学技
在推进技术发展过程中，要使其更透明，更具解释说服 术和高通量实验产生了天文级的数据。从虚拟、宏观到
力。同时减少数据偏差及泄露、模型漏洞、算法攻击情况 微观，整个数字信息世界、物理世界和生物世界正在走
的出现，解决存在的安全风险，另外还要开发新的算法， 向融合。
不仅要包含大数据及计算功能，还要包含因果关系和逻 产业从互联网+走向智能+3.0时代。数字经济3.0带
辑关系的相关知识和推理能力。 来了新行业的出现，尤其是无人的自动化行业，如无人
第三原则是坚守价值。在研究理论、算法，尤其是 车、无人机、无人商店和无人车间，这既是挑战，也是机
适用于不同行业的应用模型时，必须牢记一个重要的原 遇。■

32 博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊
 Q: ChatGPT has brought the world’s awareness
of AI to a new stage. In which industries will AI be rapidly
applied in the coming years? How deep will the impact be
on employment?
A: McKinsey’s report estimates that AI could add
more than $15 trillion to GDP, in aggregate, by 2030, with
most of the value derived from integrating AI and indus-
try. This implies that GDP generated by AI may exceed
China’s GDP, an extraordinary figure. This is an indus-
trial revolution of unprecedented scale in human history.
I believe that the prelude to the Fourth Industrial
Revolution has already begun. With AI technology as the
core driver, the living conditions of every person on earth
will become more intelligent in the near future.
It is worth highlighting that I believe that we should
do our best to uphold the 3Rs principle, i.e., to be Re-
sponsive, Resilient and Responsible when conducting
research into AI technology and promoting the implemen-
tation of such technology. In particular, generative AI has
placed more responsibility and demands on us.
The first principle is“Responsive”. Given the rapid
development in AI technology, researchers must be
committed to researching technologies that respond to
societal and industry requirements and demands. Ex-
amples of such technologies would include data analysis
models that predict and prevent pandemics, deep learn-
ing algorithms that advance the process of pharmaceu-
tical inventions, development of applications that improve
personal health, as well as autonomous vehicles and
intelligent transport systems that can save lives, reduce
traffic accidents, and improve the environment.
The second principle is“Resilient”. Developments
and breakthroughs in AI technology are neither one-
dimensional nor do they determine everything based on
a model’s precision and robustness. In the process of
developing technology, we must make it more transparent
and more persuasive in terms of interpretability. Reduc-
ing data bias and leakage, model vulnerability and algo-
rithm attacks, while resolving existing risks, and having
to develop new algorithms all at the same time not only
requires big data and computing capabilities but also rel-
evant knowledge and reasoning capabilities on cause-
and-effect relationships as well as logical relationships.
The third principle is“Responsible”. When studying
theories and algorithms, particularly application mod-
els applicable to different industries, we must bear in
mind a key principle — understanding the meaning of the
technology itself, and the results it could produce. When
conducting scientific research, people often focus on the
“how”and neglect the“why.”In the AI era, it is impera-
tive that researchers understand the uses and potential
abuses of technology, and regard moral issues and val-
ues as priorities over technology.
Q: The pandemic has been a catalyst for digital de-
velopment. Telecommuting, e-commerce, and big data
played a key role in maintaining the basic operation of
society and the economy during this period. However,
evidence that the digitalization process has allowed pro-
ductivity to surge remains to be seen three years into the
pandemic. From the perspective of your industry, what
kind of industry pain points can digitalization address?
How can it play a role in improving productivity?
A: There are three major development trends in IT
technology: digital content moving gradually from the 1.0
era to the 3.0 era; AI moving from symbolic reasoning and
deep learning to knowledge + digital driven 3.0; and in-
dustry moving from information and internet+ to the intel-
ligent+ 3.0 era.
We have now entered the digitalization 3.0 era. This
includes, first, the digitization of the physical world, or
what I would like to refer to as the“physicalization of the
internet”— i.e., digitization carried out in cars, roads, traf-
fic, factories, power grids, machines and even all mobile
devices, homes and cities. Data will grow exponentially.
For example, an autonomous vehicle generates approxi-
mately 5 terabytes of data each day. Compared to the 1.0
and 2.0 eras when data was primarily provided to assist
people in making decisions, more than 99% of data in the
digitalization 3.0 era will be for M2M purposes and ma-
chine decision-making.
Second, digitization of the biological world. Our brain,
organs, DNA, protein, cells and molecules, among others,
are being digitized too. Biochips, omics technology, and
high-throughput experimentation have generated an as-
tronomical amount of data. From the virtual and macro to
the micro level, the entire digital information, physical and
biological worlds are moving toward integration.
Industry has moved from the internet+ to the intel-
ligent+ 3.0 era. Digital economy 3.0 will introduce new
industries, particularly unmanned automated industries,
This is both a challenge and an opportunity. ■
博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊 33
 阿卜杜拉哈曼·阿尔 -法季
博鳌亚洲论坛理事
沙特基础工业公司执行CEO
Abdulrahman Al-Fageeh
Board Member of the Boao Forum for Asia,
CEO (A) of SABIC
问：未来十年，您所在行业中最重要的技术突破将
会是什么？由此又会带来哪些方面的经济和社会进步？
答：在我们看来，未来十年化工行业最重要的技术
突破将会是原油制化工品（LtC）技术，这项技术创新将
大幅降低工艺过程的碳排放强度，助力行业实现碳中和
承诺。同时，这也将赋能油气生产商在全球能源转型的
大趋势下持续创造价值。这里的原油包括广义上的来自
油田、气田的液体原料，通过将这些液态碳氢化合物直
接转化为化工产品，我们能简化甚至省略一些能源消耗
量较大的炼油流程，从而降低成本并提升运营效率。因
此，可以说原油制化工品技术正在推动化工行业向更低
的碳排放强度和更高的资本效率迈进，并在同时提高化
工产品的附加值。
在此前提下，未来十年，SABIC将结合低碳工艺
技术，持续探索碳氢化合物制化工品更直接和优化的
路径。事实上，我们日前已经宣布开始研究在沙特 Ras
Al-Khair建立一座将石油及其他液体原料转化为化工
产品的大型联合体，预计每天可以将 40万桶石油转化为
化工产品。
我们相信，原油制化工品技术将有效降低化工产品
的生产成本，同时减少与石油和天然气生产相关的碳足
迹。作为行业领导者，SABIC将一如既往致力于通过创
新的技术和工艺设备，在可持续发展道路上全力支持全
球能源转型，持续助力实现我们在循环经济和净零碳排
放方面的目标。
问：应对全球气候变暖和实现低碳绿色发展，需要
推动社会组织、经济生产和生活方式变革。从您所在行
业的角度来看，怎样的改变是必要的？行业还需要在哪
些技术上寻求突破？
答：SABIC坚信协作的力量，我们也与客户、供应
34 博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊
链伙伴、品牌商、零售商和业界同仁都建立起了长期的
合作伙伴关系。与此同时，我们在化工价值链中的优势
地位使我们能够与上下游企业紧密协作，进而推进化工
行业内外的可持续商业实践。面对关键市场中资产和基
础设施潜在的变革趋势，我们必须构建一个健康的企业
生态系统，促进能源、化工和废弃物管理等产业里所有
相关方的协作。
SABIC相信，通过深化和扩大合作，化工行业能够
进一步赋能循环经济的发展，在未来实现真正的可持续
增长。通过价值链的循环，也就是将废弃物进行回收再
利用，可以有效应对气候变化、生物多样性丧失和塑料
污染等问题。
在过去几年中，SABIC通过TRUCIRCLE™可持续
解决方案深化对循环经济的承诺，并重新思考和制定了
我们开展业务的准则。如今，TRUCIRCLE™可持续解
决方案已经广泛应用于鼠标、汽车内饰、玩具、食品包装
等多个领域，赋予废弃塑料新的生命。
最近，SABIC公布了到2030年实现年生产100万
吨TRUCIRCLE™可持续材料的目标。结合此前公司公
布的2050年前（在自身运营可控范畴内）实现碳中和的
目标，我们将继续加大在创新上的投资，推进跨行业及
行业间的协作，力求扩大我们在可持续发展方面的影响
力。■

Q：What will be the most important technological
breakthrough in your industry over the next decade? In
what ways will the resulting economic and social progress
be reflected?
A：In SABIC’s view, the most important technological
development in the chemicals industry over the next decade
will be the increased processing of unrefined liquids from oil
and gas fields directly into chemicals while in parallel deliver-
ing innovation to enable the industries commitment to carbo
neutrality. Such low carbon intensive Liquids-to-Chemicals
(LtC) processing will enable oil and gas producers to contin-
ue to create value in the global economy even as the world
moves further along in its energy transition. By converting
hydrocarbon liquids directly to chemicals, the industry can
help streamline or even eliminate energy-intensive refining
processes, taking advantage of cost and operational ef-
ficiencies. LtC is thus driving the industry toward lower car-
bon intensity and higher capital efficiency while adding more
value to its products.
So, for the next decade, SABIC will be exploring the
optimal pathways to derive chemicals more directly from
hydrocarbons coupled with low carbon intensive process
solutions. In fact, we have announced the start to study
the establishment of a complex to convert oil and liquids
into petrochemicals in Ras Al-Khair in the Kingdom of
Saudi Arabia, which is expected to convert 400,000 bar-
「业界声音」
Industry Voices
rels per day of oil into chemicals.
We believe LtC processing can lead the world to
chemicals that are less expensive to produce while at the
same time reducing the carbon footprint associated with
oil and gas production. SABIC is committed to leading the
way with technological innovation and new processing
facilities to support the global energy transition and our
circular and net zero carbon ambitions.
Q: Coping with global warming and realizing low-
carbon and green development requires changes in social
organization, economic production, and lifestyle. From the
perspective of your industry, what changes should be made,
and what major technological breakthroughs are needed?
A: At SABIC, we believe in the power of collabora-
tion. That is why we have established long-term relation-
ships with our customers, supply-chain partners, brand
owners, retailers, and industry peers. We think our strong
position in the chemicals value chain enables us to col-
laborate with partners upstream and downstream to ad-
vance sustainable business practices inside and outside
the chemical industry. With so much potential change
in assets and infrastructure in so many key markets, we
have to foster a healthy entrepreneurial ecosystem that
facilitates the orchestration of all relevant actors in the
energy, chemical and waste-management industries.
By deepening and broadening this collaboration,
SABIC believes that the chemical industry can build the
circular economy that is essential for true sustainability.
Circularizing the value chain—that is, linking a product’s
end of life with a new beginning—helps to tackle the cur-
rent planetary crises related to a changing climate, loss of
biodiversity, and plastic pollution.
During past few years, through our TRUCIRCLE™
portfolio of solutions, SABIC has deepened our commit-
ment to the circular economy and developed a framework
through which we rethink how we conduct our business.
TRUCIRCLE™ solutions have already been giving a new
lease of life to plastic waste in applications including com-
puter mouses, automotive interiors, toys, food packaging,
and many more.
SABIC recently unveiled its ambition to process one
million metric tons of TRUCIRCLE™ solutions annually by
2030. With our prior pledge to become carbon neutral by
2050 also in mind, we will continue to invest in innovation
and promote collaboration across the industry and be-
tween industries to accelerate this impact. ■
博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊 35
 曾从钦
博鳌亚洲论坛机构理事
五粮液集团（股份）公司党委书记、董事长

ZENG Congqin
Corporate Member of the Boao Forum for Asia (BFA),
Secretary of the CPC Committee and Chairman of Wuliangye
Group Co., Ltd and Wuliangye Yibin Co., Ltd.

问：根据世界数据实验室(World Data Lab)的数据显 问：

“一带一路”倡议是中国的全球化倡议，2023年
示，中产阶级——人均日支出在11美元至110美元之间 是倡议提出十周年。中国与“一带一路”沿线国家高质量
的家庭，目前全球约有40亿人。预计到2030年，亚洲将有 共建了中欧班列、中老铁路等一系列重大互联互通项目，
10亿人加入中产阶级。这一变化可能会带来消费市场和 硕果累累。2022年七国集团提出了6000亿美元的全球基
竞争力的剧变，你如何理解亚洲中产阶级崛起带来的机 础设施伙伴倡议。国际社会如何推动全球互联互通建设
遇？ 在规划、资金、技术等方面的有机合作，防止阵营化？
答：2030年，亚洲中产阶级将成为规模庞大的消费 答：促进互联互通，坚持开放包容，可以联络感情、
群体，中产崛起带来的消费支出扩大，将成为刺激区域 增进理解、交流技术，实现全球范围内利益共享、责任共
内消费需求的直接动力，对实现亚洲经济贸易的快速修 担，是应对全球化危机和实现长远发展的必由之路。中
复与发展起到重要作用。 国一直以来都是阵营化对抗和结盟的坚定反对者，坚定
亚洲中产阶级主要是80后、90后，互联网和社交媒 维护和践行多边主义。自2013年“一带一路”倡议提出，
体对其产生了深刻影响，消费偏好更加多元化，在追求 十年来，战略合作对接持续扩容，基础设施项目有序落
实用性的同时，也更注重个性化、智能化体验和自我表 地，多个高峰论坛有效举办，
“一带一路”促进经贸往来、
达。消费习惯的改变将带动即时零售、直播带货、在线文 人文交流、民心相通不断深入，让系列建设成果惠泽各
娱等为代表的新消费模式，驱动新品牌崛起，重塑消费 方。
场景，缩短消费链条。 立足“一带一路”建设的成功经验，推动全球互联互
对白酒而言，将迎来三大机遇： 通建议在以下三个方面重点发力：
一是需求侧转型升级，进入品质消费时代。消费是 一是凝聚发展新共识。全球互联互通是跨越国界、
拉动中国经济增长的主要动力，中产阶级崛起将延续“不 超越时间、呈系统性的庞大工程，要秉持开放、包容、普
缺酒但长期缺好酒”状态，更高品质、更有个性、更有特 惠、平衡、共赢的全球伙伴理念，坚持共商共建共享原则，
色的产品将更受欢迎。 让全球互联互通超越大国博弈。
二是供给侧改革深化，推动行业转型升级。消费观 二是推动战略新合作。积极推动多边化机制，实现
念的改变将促使白酒企业在品质品牌、科技创新、价值 更多领域、更多区域、更多技术的合作，积极签署双边、
表达等方面持续发力，市场也将逐渐淘汰落后产能、低 多边贸易协定，破除贸易壁垒，让更多人享受全球市场
效产能，推动行业加快转型升级。 发展福祉。
三是提升国际影响力，助力走向世界。摩根士丹利 三是构建互联新体系。资金融通是全球互联互通的
发布的《2023全球宏观经济展望》认为，亚洲将成为全 支撑和保证，建议推动构建多层次的金融服务体系，积
球经济增长动力。中产阶级是白酒的主要消费群体，随 极开展金融合作。同时构建优势互补、包容发展的产业
着亚洲国际影响力的持续提升，将带动中国白酒加速国 链分工体系，促进区域产业链融合升级和经济协同发
际化进程，让更多国际友人爱上中国白酒。 展。■

36 博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊
 Q：According to World Data Lab, the middle class —
households with per-capita spending of between $11 and
$110 per day — now number about 4 billion worldwide.
One billion people in Asia are expected to join the middle
class by 2030. This change may bring drastic changes to
the consumer market and competitiveness. What is your
understanding of the opportunities brought by the rise of
the Asian middle class?
A: By 2030, Asia’s middle class will become a
massive consumer group. The expansion of consumer
spending brought about by the rise of the middle class
will directly stimulate consumer demand in the region and
play an important role for Asian economy and trade repair
and development.
The Asian middle class, mainly the post-80s and
post-90s, has been profoundly influenced by the internet
and social media. Their consumption preferences are
thus more diversified, and while they seek practicality,
they also place greater emphasis on personalized, intel-
ligent experiences and self-expression. The change in
consumption habits will lead to new consumption modes
represented by instant retail, live-streaming sales and
online entertainment, driving the rise of new brands, re-
shaping the consumption scenarios and shortening the
consumption chain.
For Baijiu, there will be three major opportunities.
First, demand-side transformation and quality con-
sumption. Consumption is the main driver of China’s
economic growth. The market is not short of liquor, but
lacks high-quality liquor, a trend that would continue with
the rise of the middle class. Therefore, products featur-
ing higher quality, personality and characteristics will be
more popular.
Second, supply-side reform and industry transfor-
mation and upgrades. Changes in consumer concepts
will prompt Baijiu companies to continue to make efforts in
quality, branding, technological innovation and presenta-
tion, and the market will gradually eliminate backward and
inefficient production capacity to accelerate the transfor-
mation and upgrading of the industry.
Third, international influence and global presence.
The 2023 Global Macro Outlook released by Morgan
Stanley believes that Asia will become the driving force
of global economic growth. The middle class is the main
consumer group of Baijiu, and as Asia’s international in-
fluence continues to rise,Chinese Baijiu will accelerate its
internationalization process and make more international
friends fall in love with Chinese Baijiu.
Q：The year 2023 is the 10th anniversary of the Belt
and Road Initiative (BRI), a China-proposed global initiative.
China and the countries along the BRI have built a series
of significant interconnection projects, such as the China-
Europe Railway Express and the China-Laos Railway, with
fruitful results. In 2022, the G7 launched the $600 billion
Partnership for Global Infrastructure and Investment. What
can the international community do to promote synergy in
planning, financing, and technology application in building
global interconnection while preventing fragmentation?
A: Promoting connectivity and upholding openness
and inclusiveness can help to build relationships, improve
understanding, exchange technologies, and achieve
shared benefits and responsibilities on a global scale,
which is the necessary way to cope with global crisis and
achieve long-term development. China has always been
a staunch opponent of bloc confrontation and alliance and
has firmly upheld and practiced multilateralism.
Based on the successful experience of the Belt and
Road construction, efforts should be focused on the fol-
lowing three areas to promote global connectivity:
First, forge new consensus on development. Global
connectivity is a huge and systemic project that tran-
scends borders and time. It is a global partnership that is
open, inclusive,balanced and beneficial for all. It adheres
to the principle of extensive consultation, joint contribu-
tion, and shared benefits,pushing forward global connec-
tivity rather than great power competition.
Second, advance new strategic cooperation. We
should actively promote multilateral mechanisms and re-
alize cooperation in more fields, more regions and more
technologies, actively sign bilateral and multilateral trade
agreements, break down trade barriers, and let more
people enjoy the benefits of global market development.
Third, build a new system of connectivity. Financial
integration is the support and guarantee of global con-
nectivity, and it is recommended to promote the con-
struction of a multi-level financial service system and
actively carry out financial cooperation. At the same time,
we should build an industrial chain division system that is
complementary and inclusive, and promote the integra-
tion and upgrading of regional industrial chains and col-
laborative economic development. ■
博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊 37
 崔泰源
博鳌亚洲论坛机构理事
SK集团全球董事长

CHEY Tae-won
Corporate Member of the Boao Forum for Asia (BFA),
Chairman and CEO of SK Group

问：在不确定性的世界中企业最重视什么？绿色发 companies. Today, we are facing various challenges

展是一种生产方式的变革，也带来商业模式的革新，对 such as Russia-Ukraine war, climate change, pan-
于企业来说，需要什么样的行动？ demic, digital divide, et cetera. These challenges are
答：当今时代，
“关系”对企业来说至关重要。现如 unprecedented, where different generations, classes
今，我们面临着俄乌冲突、气候变化、流行性疾病、数字 and factions conflict each other. It is hard to resolve
鸿沟等诸多危机，并且还存在着不同时代、不同阶层、不
同派别之间相互冲突等前所未有的挑战。想要解决这些
难题，靠个人力量很难实现，需要不同的人通过相互关
系的建立同心协力，共同提出有效解决办法。未来，企业
竞争力将由“关系”的广度和深度以及利益相关者对我们
的信任程度来决定。
当今世界面临的一个严重问题是环境问题，也就是
地球与人类之间的关系。地球不会留出时间等待人类，现
在是企业与地球进行建设性对话的时候了。SK于2020
年在韩国企业中最早加入RE100，并制定了2030年实
现温室气体减排2亿吨，即相当于全球减排目标量1%的
挑战目标。此外，SK还致力于构建“自愿碳市场”
，激励
企业和社会团体积极参与碳减排，引领向低碳、脱碳社
会的加速转换。
SK致力于通过各种各样的关系解决全球问题，鼓
励外界力量的参与，增进与利益相关方之间的信赖关系，
最终找到妥善的、可持续解决全球问题的方案。■

Q：What does an enterprise value the most in

an uncertain world? Green development is changing
production methods and creating innovative business
models. How can enterprises make the most of this
trend?

A：Nowadays,“Relationship”greatly matters to

38 博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊
these problems solely relying on individual efforts. It
requires diverse people to work together, gather ideas
and come up with effective solutions through their re-
lationships. In the future, the very edge of a company
will be the scale and depth of the“Relationship”as
well as trust of its stakeholders who support its sincere
devotion on relationship.
One of the severe problems the whole world
experiences these days is the environmental issue,
which is the relationship between the earth and hu-
manity. The earth does not wait for humanity, and now
it’s the time for companies to engage in a constructive
dialogue with the earth. In this respect, SK became
the first Korean company to join“RE100”in 2020. Fur-
thermore, SK set a challenging goal of reducing 200
million tons of greenhouse gas emissions by 2030,
which is 1% of the global gas emission reduction tar-
get. Additionally, SK is committed to building a“Volun-
tary Carbon Market”
, stimulating businesses and so-
cial groups to actively participate in carbon reduction,
leading the acceleration of transition to a low-carbon/
decarbonized society.
SK works hard to solve global problems through
various kinds of relationships, motivate participation of
outside communities, and construct deep trust from
stakeholders, which will finally be concluded in provid-
ing appropriate and sustainable solutions to global is-
sues. ■
博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊 39
 张剑秋
内蒙古伊利实业集团有限公司高级执行总裁

ZHANG Jianqiu
CEO of Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd.

问：绿色发展是一种生产方式的变革，也带来商业 济将陷入衰退，争议在于衰退的深浅和长短。您如何评
模式的革新，对于企业来说，需要什么样的行动？ 估2023年全球经济的主要风险？你所在的行业将面临哪
答：早在 2007年，伊利潘刚董事长就率先提出“绿 些机遇与挑战？
色领导力”，并在2009年进一步升级为伊利的“绿色产 答：当前，我们正身处百年未有之大变局中，在消
业链战略”，倡导“绿色生产、绿色消费、绿色发展”三位 费者偏好及零售市场不断变化发展的背景下，挑战与机
一体的发展理念。 遇并存。对于伊利而言，一方面，后疫情时代，消费市场
多年以来，伊利始终积极践行绿色发展理念，实施 逐渐回暖，消费者的健康意识和消费需求进一步提升，
全生命周期绿色行动，从源头控制能耗，降低温室气体 乳制品作为补充人体所需优质蛋白的重要来源，人均消
排放量和引导全产业链等各环节上，最大限度减少对环 费量还有很大增长空间；另一方面，消费者对品质更好、
境的影响；伊利自 2010年起就开展企业内的全面碳盘 成分更健康的产品的需求增加，市场竞争更为激烈。在
查，是行业内第一家开展碳盘查的企业。 积极应对挑战的同时，抓住新的发展机遇，惟有精准洞
2022年，伊利发布《伊利集团零碳未来计划》和《伊 察消费趋势，专注聚焦、不断进行针对性的创新，加速新
利集团零碳未来计划路线图》，成为中国食品行业第一 渠道的布局、深耕市场，才是跑赢未来的关键。
家发布双碳目标及路线图的企业，以实际行动助力国家 伊利以消费者为中心，倾听消费者声音，满足消费
“双碳”目标的实现；截至目前，伊利成功提交了科学碳 者需求，伊利从全球视角布设一张涵盖全球领先研发机
目标承诺（SBTi）
，取得全国首张电碳市场双认证的“绿 构的全球创新网络。
电交易凭证”，发布 5款“零碳产品”，打造5个“零碳工 伊利大洋洲生产基地是全球最大的一体化乳业基
厂”，建立行业首个“零碳联盟”，31家分子公司获得国 地，覆盖科研、生产、深加工、包装等多个领域；伊利与
家级“绿色工厂”的认证，总数位居行业第一。 荷兰瓦赫宁根大学联手打造伊利欧洲创新中心，这是中
可持续的能力，代表了企业的未来领导力。伊利通 国规格最高的海外研发中心。在产业链上游，伊利建设
过实施全生命周期减碳行动，在寻求企业高质量发展的 智慧牧场，运用人工智能识别技术，提升奶源质量管理
同时，推动产业链共赢。在上游，伊利积极探索种养一体 流程识别的精度和广度；在产业链中游，伊利打造智能
化的模式，将数字化、智能化的技术与传统的养殖业相 工厂，通过自动化生产线与机器人的紧密配合，优化生
结合。在下游，伊利倡导绿色生活方式，持续研发低碳 产管理；在产业链下游，伊利应用数字化技术在社区新
包装，生产从原料包装到废弃物全程净零排放的零碳产 零售、消费市场发展态势等方面深入研究，指导经营实
品。 践。
伊利承诺，将在2050年前实现全产业链碳中和目 伊利信心十足、干劲倍增，瞄准机遇、积蓄动能，将
标。我们愿与各方加强合作，凝聚产业力量，共同打造更 依托充满韧性的中国经济和极具活力的市场，立足健康
加绿色、可持续的乳业，持续创造更大价值。 产业，在继续做实产业、做稳底盘、做优布局的同时，加
快数字化转型升级，全心全意为消费者生产健康好奶，
问：经济学家和企业家们都倾向于预测明年全球经 成就伟大的健康事业。■

40 博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊
 Q：Green development is changing production
methods and creating innovative business models. How
can enterprises make the most of this trend?
A：In 2007, Yili’s Chairman Pan Gang was the first
to put forward the concept of“green leadership, ”which
was subsequently upgraded to Yili’s“green industry
chain strategy”in 2009, integrating“green production,
green consumption and green development.”
The concept of green development has been ac-
tively practiced by Yili over the years, and the company
has implemented lifecycle green initiatives, managed en-
ergy consumption at the source, decreased greenhouse
gas emissions, and directed the entire industrial chain to
minimize environmental impact. Since 2010, Yili has been
conducting corporate carbon inventory assessment,
making it the first company in the sector to do so.
“Plan for a Net Zero Carbon Future”and“Roadmap
to a Net Zero Carbon Future”were launched in 2022 by
Yili, making it the first company in China’s food indus-
try to do so. By taking concrete steps, Yili is helping the
country achieve its carbon peaking and carbon neutral-
ity targets. Yili has so far been successful in submitting
science-based targets (SBTi), obtaining the first“green
electricity exchange certificate”with dual certification in
China’s electricity-carbon market, releasing five“net-
zero products, ”constructing five“net-zero factories, ” lished a global innovation network that includes top
founding the first“net zero carbon alliance”in the sec-
tor, and obtaining national“green factory”certification
for 31 subsidiaries, the largest number in the field.
The enterprise’s future is represented by sustain-
ability. Yili seeks to establish high-quality businesses
while promoting a win-win situation for the industrial
chain by adopting a full lifecycle carbon reduction ap-
proach. Yili is actively investigating the integrated farm-
ing and breeding model upstream, fusing modern,
intelligent technologies with conventional agriculture. In
the downstream, Yili promotes living sustainably, cre-
ates low-carbon packaging, and develops net-zero
products with net-zero emissions from raw material
packaging to disposal.
Yili has committed to pursuing carbon neutrality
across the entire industrial chain by 2050. We stand
ready to carry out cooperation with all other parties to
create a mighty industrial force, jointly build a greener
and more sustainable dairy industry, and continue to
create more value.
Q：Many economists and entrepreneurs predict
that the global economy may fall into a recession next
year. What do you see as the main risks to the global
economy in 2023? What opportunities and challenges
will your industry face?
A：The world today is undergoing profound changes
unseen in a century. Challenges and opportunities
coexist in the context of changing consumer prefer-
ences and evolving retail markets. For Yili, on the one
hand, the consumer market has steadily recovered in
the post-pandemic era, and consumer demand and
health awareness have been further enhanced. Dairy
consumption per capita still has a lot of space to expand
because it is a significant source of high-quality protein.
On the other hand, the market is experiencing increas-
ingly intense competition as consumers want items with
higher standards of quality and a healthier composition.
We should seize fresh development opportunities while
actively addressing difficulties. We can only succeed by
clearly identifying consumption trends, concentrating on
and consistently developing focused innovations, expe-
diting the design of new channels, and expanding market
research.
Yili puts customers first, pays attention to their
voices, and satisfies their needs. And Yili has estab-
R&D organizations worldwide. covering scientific re-
search, production, deep processing, packaging, and
other fields. Yili also constructed a smart farm at the top
of the supply chain, utilizing artificial intelligence to in-
crease the precision and scope of milk quality manage-
ment. In the middle of the chain, Yili has constructed an
intelligent factory, introducing close collaboration be-
tween automated production lines and robots to opti-
mize production management. At the downstream seg-
ment, Yili employs digital technology in new community
retail, consumer market development, and other areas
of in-depth research to guide its business practices.
Self-assured and vibrant, Yili pursues oppor-
tunities and gains traction. Yili is fervently produc-
ing healthy milk for consumers and achieving a great
health business by relying on the robust Chinese
economy and highly dynamic market. Yili will continue
to solidify the industry, lay a sound foundation, and
optimize the layout while speeding up digital transfor-
mation and upgrading. ■
博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊 41
 雷夫·约翰森
博鳌亚洲论坛咨委
阿斯利康董事长
Leif JOHANSSON
Member of Council of Advisors of the Boao
Forum for Asia (BFA), Chair of AstraZeneca
问：世卫组织1月30日声明指出，尽管新冠大流行可
能正接近转折点，但目前仍构成“国际关注的突发公共
卫生事件”
。疫情带给全球经济的疤痕有多大？会有哪些
持续影响？新冠给人类社会带来了怎样的思考和教训？
在国际协调与合作，如何共同应对下一次大流行？
答：尽管疫情仍旧牵动着民心，但我们必须立刻从
中吸取教训并采取积极行动去应对。过往我们在疫苗生
产和使用方面取得了巨大的进展，现在我们需要的是建
立一个“时刻准备着”的医疗卫生系统来应对未来可能的
挑战，这就需要来自公共和企业等多方通力合作以及坚
实的合作伙伴关系来实现。
这场疫情充分证实了，全球范围内的持续合作不仅
有可能拯救数百万人的生命，还能降低数十亿至数百亿
美元的经济影响和医疗费用。
世界卫生组织正在通过谈判致力于实施一项关于卫
生应急准备的国际协议，来避免新冠疫情在全球造成的
重大影响再次发生。这些努力至关重要，它将确保在危
机发生时采取迅速和及时的应对行动，包括平等地获得
医疗服务和医疗用品、全面的信息共享、强化的法律体
系，以及增加对发展中国家的经济支持。
此外，我们也需要转变“医疗卫生服务需要严控成
本”的观点。投资于医疗就是投资于社会和经济的长期发
展，健康是一切发展的基础。因此，我们应当优先通过教
育和宣传来预防疾病的发生。这也是阿斯利康自2010年
以来，在包括中国、印度、印度尼西亚、泰国等30个国家
和地区积极推广青少年健康关爱项目的初衷。
新冠疫情给我们创造了一个很好的机会来吸取经验
教训，重新审视基层和社区机构的作用并开展合作。我
们必须通过与一系列合作伙伴的合作，持续探索突破科
学、大数据和新技术的疆域，进一步改善医疗卫生服务，
并始终牢记“健康面前人人平等”
。 政府或机构可以单独做到这一点。■
42 博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊
问：绿色发展是一种生产方式的变革，也带来商业
模式的革新，对于企业来说，需要什么样的行动?
答：据悉，全球温室气体排放中，大约4%-5%来自
医疗健康行业，因此，我们共同肩负着巨大的责任，不仅
要改善我们的生产和供应链，还要改善我们为患者提供
的医疗服务，助力解决社会所面临的巨大挑战。
阿斯利康致力于通过诊断和治疗为生命带来改善。
然而，我们没有治愈气候变化的药物，科学告诉我们，确
保我们子孙后代所生活的星球保持可持续是非常急迫
的。
作为一家全球化企业，我们推出了“零碳雄心”计划，
致力于塑造可持续的医疗服务，确保我们的整个价值链
在2030年实现负碳排放，将脱碳计划进程提前十余年。
此前，我们已经见证了规模化的政企合作关系是如
何推动创新和拯救生命的，我们应该利用这种合作模式
来加速脱碳进程。为此，阿斯利康正在积极推动“可持续
市场倡议”
（SMI）并带领卫生系统工作组，致力于加速
实现净零、可持续的医疗卫生发展，以改善个人、社会和
整个地球的健康。该工作组汇集了来自全球生命科学、
卫生保健系统、多边和政策机构以及学术界的13位行业
领袖及专家。我们也很高兴看到SMI在中国启动，并很
荣幸参加了去年在中国举行的首届会议。
同时，我们还发起了“阿斯利康森林”全球倡议，与
地方政府和专注于全球再造林的非营利组织合作，计划
在2025年底前在全球范围内种植和维护5000万棵树木。
我们非常自豪能够与具有前瞻性的社会各界开展合
作，包括其他医疗机构和全球非政府组织机构等，以加
速这一转变。科学告诉我们，阻止气候变化危害地球刻
不容缓，我们每个人都应当行动起来，我相信，全球合作
对确保安全的未来发挥着关键作用。没有任何一个组织、
 Q：The World Health Organization (WHO) an-
nounced on January 30th that the COVID-19 pandemic
still constitutes a“Public Health Emergency of Interna-
tional Concern (PHEIC), ”although the pandemic may be
approaching an inflection point. How large an economic
scar has the pandemic left? What are its ongoing im-
pacts? What lessons human society has learned from it,
including how to deal with the next pandemic coordina-
tively and cooperatively?
A：While the pandemic is an ongoing concern, we
must act now on the lessons learned from it. We made
huge strides in vaccine manufacturing and rollout capac-
ity so now we need to ensure an‘always ready’system
for any future crisis. This will take committed collaboration
across the public-private sector and solid partnerships to
achieve pandemic preparedness.
The pandemic demonstrated that ongoing collabo-
ration on a global scale has the potential to not only save
millions of lives, but also to save billions of dollars in eco-
nomic impact and healthcare costs.
The World Health Organisation is working to negoti-
ate and commit to implementing an international agree-
ment on health emergency preparedness, to avoid a
repeat of the significant impact COVID-19 had across
the globe. It is crucial that these efforts are supported to
ensure swift and coordinated action in times of crises,
including equal access to healthcare and medical sup-
plies, comprehensive information sharing, enhanced legal
frameworks, and increased financial support for develop-
ing countries.
It’s also time we transform our view of healthcare as
a cost to be contained. To invest in healthcare is to invest
in the long-term well-being of society and the economy,
the foundation upon which everything else is built.
Working to prevent diseases through education
and awareness must therefore be a priority. That is why
since 2010, AstraZeneca has rolled out the Youth Health
Programme in 30 countries including in India, Indonesia,
Thailand, and right here in China.
We have a tremendous opportunity to take the les-
sons from the pandemic and transform access for indi-
viduals and communities who have been left behind. By
working in collaboration with a range of partners, we must
continue to push the boundaries of science, data, and
technology to improve how healthcare is delivered, with
equitable access at the heart of everything we do.
Q: Green development is changing production
methods and creating innovative business models. How
can enterprises make the most of this trend?
A: Approximately 4%-5% of global greenhouse
gas emissions come from the healthcare sector, so col-
lectively we have an immense responsibility, not only to
improve our production and supply chains but also the
delivery of patient care to tackle one of society’s greatest
challenges.
At AstraZeneca we are committed to transforming
lives through diagnostics and treatment. However, there
is no pill for climate change, and science tells us that we
are running out of time to ensure the sustainability of our
planet for future generations.
As a global business, we launched Ambition Carbon
Zero, a bold programme to transform sustainable health-
care delivery which will ensure our entire value chain is
carbon negative by 2030, bringing forward decarbonisa-
tion plans by more than a decade.
We have witnessed how public-private partner-
ships delivered at scale can drive innovation and save
lives, and we should use this model of cooperation to ac-
celerate efforts to decarbonise. AstraZeneca champions
the Sustainable Markets Initiative (SMI) Health Systems
Taskforce, bringing together 13 leaders including CEOs or
equivalents from global life sciences, healthcare systems,
multilateral and policy institutions and academia, whose
goal is to accelerate the delivery of net zero, sustainable
healthcare to improve individual, societal and planetary
health. We are excited to see the SMI launch in China and
were pleased to be part of the inaugural meeting here last
year.
We also launched AZ Forest, a global initiative to
plant and maintain 50-million trees worldwide by the end
of 2025, in partnership with local governments and non-
profit organisations focused on global reforestation. Since
2020, working with local governments and NGOs, we
have planted over 10.5 million trees including in Australia,
Indonesia, and Ghana. We expect growth of AZ Forest to
accelerate now our projects and partnerships are estab-
lished.
We’re proud to be working with other forward-
thinking parties, including other healthcare organisations
and global NGOs, to accelerate this transformation. Sci-
ence tells us it’s time for everyone to do their part to limit
the impacts of the climate crisis on our planet and global
partnership-driven initiatives play a crucial role in ensur-
ing a secure future. No organisation, government, or in-
stitution can do it alone. ■
博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊 43
 陈江和
新加坡金鹰集团主席
中国环境与发展国际合作委员会委员

Sukanto Tanoto
Chairman of RGE, Member of China Council for
International Cooperation on Environment and
Development (CCICED)

问：RCEP成员国覆盖全球近三分之一人口及GDP，
是迄今为止涵盖范围最广、人口最多的一项自贸协定。
RCEP给亚洲的企业带来哪些新机遇？RCEP是否会进
一步扩员？
答：作为一家跨国的资源型制造企业，金鹰集团总
部就位于RCEP成员国新加坡，同时在RCEP成员国中
的印度尼西亚和中国都有大规模投资和布局，也与其他
RCEP成员国几乎都有生意往来。根据RCEP“原产地
累积规则”
，只要产品在加工过程中实现的增值部分属于
15个成员国，且累计增值超过40%即可享受相应关税优
惠。这些RCEP特有的关税和投资优惠条款给像金鹰这
样的企业提供了前所未有的机遇和发展机会。因此，我
们认为，RCEP无疑将为在这个区域内经营的企业带来
更加开放和便利的贸易和投资环境，为企业发展提供更
多竞争优势。
我一直坚信，合作与发展始终是世界经济能够持续
繁荣、全球人们生活水平不断提高的关键。所以，对金鹰
集团来说，我们非常希望RCEP能够进一步扩员，让这
个世界上人口最多、经贸规模最大、最具发展潜力的自
由贸易区也早日成为世界上最具活力的地区，为亚洲经
济、世界经济的繁荣做出更大贡献。
较于普通消费者，中产阶级不仅对消费品品质具有更高
要求，还更关心产品是不是使用环保可持续的原材料，
是否通过“负责任的生产过程”生产出来。这些要求将为
企业提升品质和服务水平，追求可持续发展提供重要动
力。第三，中产阶级的崛起也意味着更多高素质人才的
涌现。而这些人力资源将成为推动企业发展壮大的重要
力量。
正是看好亚洲中产阶级崛起带来的各种机遇，金鹰
集团正在加大对亚洲，特别是对中国市场的投资力度。
接下来，我们将在中国的江苏、广东等地新增投资数百
亿元人民币，在立足本地化人才战略的基础上，紧紧围
绕中国快速增长的中等收入群体需求，发展生产，延伸
产业链，打造一批涵盖B端到C端的品牌产品。同时，金
鹰集团产业链从种植每一棵能够吸收二氧化碳、净化阳
光和水源的树木开始，通过绿色、负责任的可持续生产
方式，生产最具市场竞争力的高质量产品，这也将极大
满足中产阶级对消费品质和产品绿色可持续的要求。■

问：世界数据实验室（World Data Lab）的数据显示，中

产阶级——人均日支出在11美元至110美元之间的家庭，
目前全球约有40亿人。预计到2030年，亚洲将有10亿人加
入中产阶级。这一变化可能会带来消费市场和竞争力的
剧变，你如何理解亚洲中产阶级崛起带来的机遇？
答：亚洲中产阶级的崛起，为深耕亚洲市场的企业
带来多重机遇。首先，中产阶级的崛起势必带来更庞大
的消费需求和更广阔的市场空间。这无疑为企业，特别
是具有市场竞争力的企业带来巨大发展机会。其次，相

44 博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊
 Q：With member countries covering nearly one-third
of the world’s population and GDP, the Regional Com-
prehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) is the most
extensive and populous free trade agreement. What new
opportunities does the RCEP bring to Asian companies?
How do the RCEP and CPTPP work together? Will the
RCEP expand further?
A: Royal Golden Eagle (RGE) is a transnational
resource-based manufacturing company with its head-
quarters in Singapore, an RCEP member nation. It also
conducts business with nearly all other RCEP members
in addition to making significant investments and building
infrastructure in China and Indonesia. The“Cumulation
of Origin Rule”of the RCEP states that a product qualifies
for appropriate tariff preferences if the value-added por-
tion of its processing originates from one of the 15 mem-
ber nations and the cumulative value added is greater
than 40%. Companies like RGE have access to unprec-
edented opportunities and room to grow thanks to these
RCEP-specific tariff and investment preferences. As a
result, the RCEP will give businesses operating in the
area a more open and convenient environment for trade
and investment, as well as more advantages over their
competitors in terms of business growth.
I have always believed that cooperation and devel-
opment are critical to the world economy’s long-term
prosperity and the continuous improvement of people’s
living standards around the world. As a result, we at RGE
sincerely hope that RCEP can be further expanded so
that this free trade zone, which has the largest population,
the largest economy and trade, and the greatest develop-
ment potential, can quickly become the most dynamic re-
gion in the entire world and contribute more to the growth
of the Asian and global economies.
Q：According to World Data Lab, the middle class —
households with per-capita spending of between $11 and
$110 per day — now number about 4 billion worldwide.
One billion people in Asia are expected to join the middle
class by 2030. This change may bring drastic changes to
the consumer market and competitiveness. What is your
understanding of the opportunities brought by the rise of
the Asian middle class?
A：Businesses with a strong focus on the Asian
market can benefit from a variety of opportunities brought
on by the emergence of the middle class in Asia. First, the
growth of the middle class will inevitably result in higher
consumer demand and a larger market. Undoubtedly, this
presents fantastic growth potential for businesses, par-
ticularly those with a competitive market position. Second,
compared to average customers, the middle class has
higher expectations for the quality of consumer goods and
is more concerned with the use of environmentally friendly
materials and“responsible production processes”in their
manufacture. These rules will give businesses significant
motivation to raise quality and service standards and pur-
sue sustainable development. Finally, the expansion of
the middle class coincides with an increase in the number
of talented individuals. And these human resources will
evolve into a significant force that propels the expansion
and development of businesses.
The prospects presented by the expansion of the
Asian middle class are precisely why the RGE is increas-
ing its investment in Asia, particularly in China. We plan
to make tens of billions of yuan in investments in Jiangsu,
Guangdong, and other regions of China. We will concen-
trate on the requirements of China’s rapidly increasing
middle-income groups, expand production, lengthen the
industrial chain, and build a variety of brand items from B-
end to C-end based on the talent localization approach.
In the meantime, RGE’s industrial chain begins with the
planting of trees that can absorb carbon dioxide and purify
water, and it then uses green, responsible, and sustain-
able production practices to create the most competitive,
high-quality products on the market. This will significantly
satisfy the middle class’s demand for high-quality, envi-
ronmentally friendly products. ■
博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊 45
 陈文琦
威盛电子股份有限公司董事长兼执行长
CHEN Wenqi
Chairman & CEO of VIA Technologies, Inc.
问：ChatGPT让世人对AI的认知进入新阶段。AI在
下一时期可能会在哪些产业得到快速运用？对就业的冲
击有多大？
答：目前，人工智能（AI）其实已经在很多行业中得
以应用，并预计将在未来十年保持这一趋势。以下是AI
在一些行业中应用的显著影响：
1.医疗行业：AI可以用于医疗诊断、药物发现和个
性化治疗计划，并帮助医生做出更准确的诊断和治疗计
划，以减少医疗事故并改善患者治疗结果。
2.制造业：AI可以用于优化生产流程、减少资源浪
费、提高产品质量并用于预测性维护以减少停机时间和
提高效率。
3.金融业：AI可以用于欺诈检测、风险管理、个性化
金融建议、算法交易和投资组合管理。
4.零售业：AI可以用于个性化推荐、库存管理、优化
供应链，并为客户提供聊天机器人和虚拟助手的服务。
5.交通业：AI可以用于自动驾驶汽车、交通管理以
及车辆和基础设施的预测性维护。
AI和智能聊天机器人等技术的发展和普及可以带来
更高效和有效的生产方式，确实会给我们的就业市场带
来一定的冲击，尤其对一些简单且重复的工作会首先造
成威胁，AI技术可以帮助这类企业和组织更有效地完成
任务，从而减少人力成本。但是，AI对就业的影响是复杂
的，其净影响将取决于包括行业类别、工作性质、AI技术
的应用程度等多个因素。虽然一些工作可能会被自动化，
AI的发展也将带来新的就业机会，例如AI技术工程师，
数据工程师、AI分析师、机器学习工程师等，这些技术的
发展需要更多的高技能工作人员来研发和维护。此外，
人工智能可以增强人类的能力，让员工专注于更复杂和
创造性的任务。然而，可能会有一个过渡时期，工人需要
接受再培训或重新技能，以适应不断变化的劳动力市场。
46 博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊
总体而言，人工智能对就业的影响可能是混合的，既有
机遇，也有挑战。
问：科技创新已成为国家发展的核心竞争力，多个
国家大力推出针对关键技术以及未来新兴战略产业的国
家产业政策。政府举措如何切实帮助加速创新？如果政
府想要在这方面有所作为，发力点应该是什么？
答：政府可以通过提供资金支持、创造有利的政策
环境和促进不同利益相关者间的合作来加速创新。以下
是政府助力加速创新的举措的具体方式：
1.提供资金支持：政府可以为科学研究和发展提供
资金和投资，包括基础研究、应用研究和技术转让。通过
支持创新思想、创新项目和创业公司，政府可以鼓励新
技术和新产业的发展。
2.知识产权保护：政府可以提供知识产权保护，以
鼓励创新。这包括专利保护、商标和版权。通过保护知识
产权，政府可以创造一个鼓励创新投资和支持新技术发
展的环境。
3.监管框架：政府可以建立一个监管框架，鼓励创
新，同时确保新技术对消费者和环境是安全的。通过简
化法规，消除不必要的进入壁垒，政府可以帮助企业开
发新技术并将其商业化。
4.合作与伙伴关系：政府可以促进工业界、学术界
和政府组织之间的合作与伙伴关系，以支持创新。通过
将不同的利益相关者聚集在一起，政府可以创建一个鼓
励思想、知识和资源交流的生态系统。
5.教育和培训：政府可以投资于教育和培训项目，
培养能够支持创新的熟练劳动力。通过提供科学、技术、
工程和数学（STEM, 即 Science, Technology, Engi-
neering and Mathematics）方面的培训，政府可以帮
助培养下一代创新者和企业家。■
 Q：ChatGPT has brought the world’s awareness
of AI to a new stage. In which industries will AI be rapidly
applied in the coming years? How deep will the impact be
on employment?
A: AI is already being rapidly applied in many indus-
tries, and it is expected that this trend will continue in the
next period. Here are some industries where AI is ex-
pected to have a significant impact:
1. Healthcare: AI can be used in medical diagnosis,
drug discovery, and personalized treatment plans. It can
help doctors make more accurate diagnoses and treat-
ments, reducing medical errors and improving patient
outcomes.
2. Manufacturing: AI can be used to optimize pro-
duction processes, reduce waste, and improve product
quality. It can also be used for predictive maintenance to
reduce downtime and increase efficiency.
3. Finance: AI can be used for fraud detection, risk
management, and personalized financial advice. It can
also be used for algorithmic trading and portfolio man-
agement.
4. Retail: AI can be used for personalized recom-
mendations, inventory management, and supply chain
optimization. It can also be used for chatbots and virtual
assistants to provide customer service.
5. Transportation: AI can be used for autonomous
vehicles, traffic management, and predictive maintenance
for vehicles and infrastructure.
The development and popularization of the technol-
ogy of AI and chatbots can bring more efficient and ef-
fective way of production, which will indeed bring certain
impact on the job market, especially for some simple and
repetitive work. AI technology can help such enterprises
and organizations complete tasks more effectively, thus
reducing labor costs. The impact of AI on employment
is a complex issue, and the net impact will depend on a
variety of factors, including the specific industry, the na-
ture of the work, and the degree to which AI technologies
are adopted. While some jobs may be automated, the
development of AI will also bring new employment op-
portunities, such as AI technical engineers, data engi-
neers, AI analysts, machine learning engineers, etc., the
development of these technologies requires more highly
skilled workers to develop and maintain. Additionally, AI
can augment human capabilities and allow workers to
focus on more complex and creative tasks. However,
there may be a transitional period where workers need
to be retrained or reskilled to adapt to the changing labor
market.
Q: Technological innovation has become the core
competitiveness of national development, and many
countries have vigorously launched industrial policies
targeting key technologies and emerging strategic indus-
tries. How can governments’policies help accelerate in-
novation? What are the pivotal points?
A：Government initiatives can play a significant role
in accelerating innovation by providing financial support,
creating a favorable policy environment, and fostering
collaboration between different stakeholders.
1. Funding and Investment: Governments can pro-
vide funding and investment for scientific research and
development, including basic research, applied research,
and technology transfer. By supporting innovative ideas,
projects, and startups, governments can encourage the
development of new technologies and industries.
2. Intellectual Property Protection: Governments can
provide intellectual property protection to encourage in-
novation. This can include patent protection, trademarks,
and copyrights. By protecting intellectual property, gov-
ernments can create an environment that encourages
investment in innovation and supports the development of
new technologies.
3. Regulatory Framework: Governments can create
a regulatory framework that encourages innovation while
also ensuring that new technologies are safe for consum-
ers and the environment. By streamlining regulations and
eliminating unnecessary barriers to entry, governments
can help businesses to develop and commercialize new
technologies.
4. Collaboration and Partnerships: Governments can
foster collaboration and partnerships between industry,
academia, and government organizations to support in-
novation. By bringing together different stakeholders,
governments can create an ecosystem that encourages
the exchange of ideas, knowledge, and resources.
5. Education and Training: Governments can invest
in education and training programs to develop a skilled
workforce that can support innovation. By providing train-
ing in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics
(STEM), governments can help to develop the next gen-
eration of innovators and entrepreneurs. ■
博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊 47
 唐修国
三一集团有限公司总裁
TANG Xiuguo
President of Sany Group Co. Ltd.
问：传统的国际贸易规则强调的是关境上的贸易规
则，但美欧等发达经济体开始更多地强调关境内规则，
例如产品是否符合环保、劳工等特定标准，这将给WTO
改革和全球贸易规则带来哪些挑战？
答：近年来，美国、欧洲等发达经济体更加强调关境
内规则，这种趋势给WTO改革和全球贸易规则带来了
以下双重挑战：
1.新的贸易壁垒：发达经济体通过加强政策引导，
联合盟友、利用国际协定和倡议等多种渠道重构多边框
架下的“领导力”
，力图释放发达经济体本土企业活力及
市场潜力。它们通过针对进口产品环保、劳工等特定标准
以及针对特定国家的税务政策实现新一轮政策性收紧。
这可能对发展中国家的产品进入发达经济体市场构成障
碍，增加了产品成本，导致贸易壁垒增加。
2.WTO协商困难：发展中国家和发达国家在诸如环
保、劳工等核心规则上诉求差异明显，过于分散的利益
诉求使“全体一致”的共识难以形成。这不仅有悖于规则
建立时的相通性及利好性，也不利于贸易的持续性发展，
由此可能进一步引发、激化贸易争端。这是新态势下对
WTO建立适用于全球贸易规则制定的挑战。
三一的主要做法包括：在发达经济体实施“本土经
营”策略，在美国和德国设有工厂，雇佣本地员工、签订
本地合同；将传统工厂改造成灯塔工厂从而更加环保，
控制相关的环保风险；未来，我们还将依托在相关区域
的贸易影响力带动金融、基建等领域的多边合作，推动
中国制造发展的认同度及市占率。
问：RCEP成员国覆盖全球近三分之一人口及GDP，
是迄今为止涵盖范围最广、人口最多的一项自贸协定。
RCEP给亚洲的企业带来哪些新机遇？RCEP与CPTPP
如何协同？RCEP是否会进一步扩员？
48 博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊
答：RCEP协议的签订，不仅扩大了亚太15国的自
由贸易、产业合作，加速了亚太区域经济一体化进程，还
将为企业的国际业务注入活力，为全球经济复苏提供正
能量。尤其在国际环境风高浪急、美国对华“脱钩断链”
的2023年，意义重大。
该协定涵盖的人口和经济规模非常庞大，将为亚洲
企业带来许多新机遇，包括减少贸易壁垒、降低贸易成
本、促进跨境投资、增强知识产权保护与合作等。从国家
合作共赢的角度来看，一方面，中国有世界最大单一市
场、最强的供给能力和最快的进步速度，可为亚洲企业提
供巨大的消费市场、产品创新机遇和供应链机遇；另一
方面，不少RCEP国家处在快速城镇化阶段，为中国工
程机械企业、建筑企业带来了新的增长空间，例如，500
台三一设备参与建设的印尼雅万铁路，成为了发展中国
家互利共赢的典范。
具体到三一集团，三一与RCEP成员国普遍开展贸
易活动，2022年全年，三一集团对RCEP国家（不含中
国）贸易额超过100亿元人民币，同比增长31%。RCEP
国家（不含中国）的销售额占公司全部海外业务销售额的
25%。其中，三一在印尼、泰国、菲律宾等国家的业务体
量较大，占有重要的市场地位。特别是，三一印尼“灯塔
工厂”于2022年8月正式投产，成为中国工程机械行业
第一座完全按照工业4.0标准建设的海外制造基地。
与CPTPP（跨太平洋伙伴关系协定）相比，RCEP
的成员国更多、覆盖面更广，但其贸易自由化的程度可
能不如CPTPP。CPTPP与RCEP具有相似的目标，都
旨在促进跨国贸易和投资自由化，因此它们可以协同推
进自由贸易和投资自由化。
至于RCEP是否会进一步扩员（比如印度）
，取决于
国家之间的谈判进程。作为企业，我们希望RCEP能够
进一步壮大和发展，能够实现更高水平的互利互惠。■
 Q: Traditional international trade rules have empha-
sized trade across borders, but developed economies like
the US and Europe are increasingly emphasizing rules
within borders, such as whether products conform to
specific standards for environmental protection and labor.
What challenges will this bring to the reform of the WTO
and global trade rules?
A: This trend poses two challenges to WTO reform
and global rules of trade:
1. New trade barriers: Developed economies have
reconstructed“leadership”under multilateral frameworks
by strengthening policy guidance, teaming up with allies,
leveraging international agreements and initiatives, and
tapping many other channels to attempt to boost business
dynamism and release the potential of their local econo-
mies. They aim to achieve a new round of policy tightening
by targeting specific standards for goods such as those
related to environmental protection and labor, as well as
the tax policies of specific countries. This may block the
goods of developing countries from entering the markets
of developed economies, increasing the cost of goods,
and thus, trade barriers.
2. WTO negotiations will become more challenging:
Developing and developed countries differ significantly in
their demands for core rules pertaining to environmen-
tal protection and labor, among others, and such highly
fragmented interests will make reaching a consensus dif-
ficult. Not only is this contrary to the interconnectedness
and positivity of the WTO’s original rules, but it also does
not help promote sustainable trade development. It could
even trigger or intensify trade disputes. The WTO is con-
fronted with the challenges posed by these new circum-
stances when formulating rules applicable to global trade.
The main approaches we have adopted include: (1)
implementing localization strategy in developed econo-
mies, and in this regard, we have set up factories in the
US and Germany, employed local workers, and entered
into local contracts; (2) transforming traditional factories
into“lighthouse”factories so that we are more environ-
mentally friendly and are able to control relevant risks
associated with environmental protection; and (3) go-
ing forward, we will also leverage our trade influence in
the relevant regions to foster multilateral cooperation in
finance, infrastructure and other sectors, as well as pro-
moting the recognition and market share of goods manu-
factured and developed by China.
Q：With member countries covering nearly one-third
of the world’s population and GDP, the Regional Com-
prehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) is the most
extensive and populous free trade agreement. What new
opportunities does the RCEP bring to Asian companies?
How do the RCEP and CPTPP work together? Will the
RCEP expand further?
A：The RCEP will not only expand free trade and
industrial cooperation among 15 Asian-Pacific countries,
and accelerate the economic integration of the Asia-
Pacific region, but also inject dynamism into international
businesses, facilitating global economic recovery. It is
particularly significant in 2023, given the harsh external
environment and Washington’s attempt to“decouple or
sever supply chains”from China.
This agreement is massive both in terms of popula-
tion and economic size, and will provide many new op-
portunities to Asian enterprises, including reducing trade
barriers, lowering the cost of trade, promoting cross-bor-
der investment, and enhancing intellectual property rights
protection and cooperation. From the perspective of win-
win cooperation between countries, China boasts the
largest single market in the world, as well as the strongest
supply capability and fastest rate of progress. It is able to
offer Asian enterprises a huge market, as well as product
innovation and supply chain opportunities. Elsewhere,
many RCEP countries are at a phase of rapid urban-
ization. This will provide room for growth for Chinese
construction machinery enterprises and construction
enterprises. For example, 500 sets of Sany equipment
are involved in the construction of the Jakarta-Bandung
High-Speed Railway in Indonesia.
Sany company trades widely with RCEP countries.
For the whole of 2022, trade between Sany and RCEP
countries (excluding China) rose by 31% year-on-year
to more than 10 billion yuan. Sales derived from RCEP
countries (excluding China) account for 25% of the com-
pany’s overseas business.
Compared to the CPTPP (Comprehensive and Pro-
gressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership), the
RCEP has more member countries and wider coverage,
but may have less trade freedom. Both the CPTTP and
RCEP have similar goals, and aim to promote freedom of
cross-border trade and investment. Therefore, the two
can work together to advance free trade and freedom of
investment.
Whether the RCEP will further expand its member-
ship (to include India, for instance) will depend on nego-
tiations between countries. As an enterprise, we hope
that the RCEP will grow bigger and develop further, and
achieve mutual benefits at a higher level! ■
博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊 49
 高纪凡
天光合能有限公司董事长兼总经理
GAO Jifan
Chairman and CEO of Trina Solar Co., Ltd.
问：应对全球变暖，实现低碳绿色发展，需要人类
的社会组织方式、经济生产方式以及生活方式做出改
变。从您所在的行业思考，应该做哪些改变，需要哪些重
大的技术突破？
答：光伏能源、储能、氢能、智能电网上是构建新型
电力系统、实现低碳绿色发展的关键。光伏行业应在这
四个方面实现重大的技术突破：
一是实现光伏能源“四高一低”技术性突破。高效
率、高功率、高可靠性、高发电量四大核心优势，以及低
成本是未来光伏技术发展方向。过去25年时间，我国光
伏发电技术发展迅速，发电成本降到了原来的 1/25。未
来10年-30年，光伏发电成本还会持续下降，一度电
降至一毛钱甚至五分钱，这是科技进步驱动的根本性改
变。
二是大力发展储能。随着产业规模不断扩大，光伏
等可再生能源发电的间歇性，给原有电网体系带来巨大
挑战。构建以新能源为主体的新型电力系统，储能必须
加速发展，尤其是新型储能系统。
三是创新引领发展高性能、高品质、模块化和智能
化氢能，实现光伏、储能、氢能有机结合共同引领未来行
业发展。储能承担削峰填谷、改善电能质量、提升运行稳
定性的作用。绿氢既可提供季度级别的长时储能，又可
解决可再生能源消纳难题；在难以通过电气化实现深度
脱碳的钢铁、化工等工业领域，绿氢甚至是目前唯一可
行的绿色技术。
四是推动智能电网发展。大力发展智能光伏产品和
系统，打造源网荷储一体化、分布式智能电网新业态。同
时，基于新能源领域的研发和产品优势，前瞻性布局数
字能源，以零碳建筑、智能园区、公共及商业项目为目标
和突破口，共同推进碳交易、绿电交易和新型电力系统
建设。
50 博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊
同时，我也倡导全球各个国家和企业之间应在新能
源领域要加强合作，利用各自的技术、资源、市场、人
才和资金等优势，进行优势互补长板合作，加速推进向
以光伏为主的低碳清洁能源转型，共同应对全球气候变
化。因此，我们联合99家企业，凝聚产业链伙伴的力量
建立 600W+光伏开放创新生态联盟，其对推动光伏产
业高质量发展有着至关重要的作用。
问：您如何看待未来十年，您所在的行业中最重要
的技术突破？由此带来的经济与社会进步可以体现在哪
些方面？
答：高效率、高功率、高可靠性、高发电量四大核心
优势，以及低成本是未来光伏技术发展方向。N型电池
技术产业化也是天合光能这些年来深耕的方向。
由此带来的经济与社会进步影响是巨大的。技术的
不断突破，使得未来光伏行业的市场空间越来越大。在
“双碳”目标的引领下，光伏已成为我国未来新能源产业
发展的生力军和主力军。
据国际可再生能源机构（IRENA）预测，到2050年，
在1.5°
C的情况下，太阳能光伏发电容量将累计达到1.4
万GW以上。据国家发改委能源研究所预测，到2050年，
光伏将成为中国的第一大电源，光伏发电总装机规模达
到 50亿 KW，占全国总装机的 59%。如果有 5%的中国
戈壁沙漠荒漠铺上太阳能板，就能满足中国人到 2060
年的全部能源需求。
技术的不断突破，使得光伏行业能够更加助力“双
碳”目标的实现，助力全球节能减排和可持续发展。以天
合为例，截至2022年三季度，天合光能累计全球组件出
货量120GW，生产清洁能源电力超 1620亿度，相当于
5.3个三峡水电站的装机量，约等于在全球种了 88.8亿
棵树。■
 Q: Fighting global warming and achieving low-car-
bon green development require changes in the way so-
cieties are organized, in modes of production, and in our
lifestyles. From your industry’s standpoint, what changes
should you make, and what major technological break-
throughs are required?
A: PV energy, energy storage, hydrogen power and
smart grids are key to the construction of a new power
system and achieving low-carbon green development.
The PV industry should achieve major technological
breakthroughs in these four areas.
First, the future direction of developing PV technology
is to achieve technological breakthroughs in core areas,
namely high efficiency, high-rated power, high reliability
and high power generation, as well as lowering costs.
China’s PV power generation technology has developed
rapidly over the past 25 years, and the cost of generating
power has fallen to 1/25 of the original. In the next 10 to
20, or even 30 years, the cost of PV power generation
will decline further with per kWh cost falling to 0.1 yuan
or even 0.05 yuan. This fundamental change is driven by
technological advancement.
Second, energy storage should be actively developed.
As the industry continues to expand, the intermittency of PV
and other renewable energy will pose significant challenges
to existing grid systems. It is imperative that the development
of energy storage for new power systems be accelerated,
particularly new models of energy storage systems.
Third, innovation-driven high-performance, high-
quality, modular and smart hydrogen power should be
developed, so that an integrated PV, energy storage
and hydrogen power system can lead future industry
development. Energy storage plays a role in load shifting,
improving the quality of power supply and enhancing
operational stability. Green hydrogen can provide
quarterly long-term energy storage as well as resolve
renewable energy consumption challenges. Currently,
in the steel, chemical, and other industries that find deep
decarbonization by way of electrification a challenge, green
hydrogen is probably the only feasible green technology.
Fourth, smart grid development should be promoted.
Smart PV products and systems should be actively
developed, and a new industry comprising integrated
source-grid-load-storage and distributed smart power
grids should be created. Meanwhile, based on new energy
R&D and product advantages, a forward-looking digital
energy layout should be implemented. With net-zero
building intelligent parks as well as public and commercial
projects as the goals and points of breakthrough, we
should jointly promote carbon trading, green power trading,
and the construction of new power systems.
Last but not least, I also advocate stronger
cooperation in the new energy sector between countries
and enterprises around the world. By leveraging our own
advantages in technology, resource, market, talent and
capital, let us collaborate and complement one another
to accelerate the process of transformation toward PV-
based low-carbon and clean energy so that we can jointly
respond to global climate change.
Q: In the next decade, what do you believe is the
most important technological breakthrough in your indus-
try? In what areas will the economic and social progress
resulting from such breakthroughs be manifested?
A: The core advantages, namely high efficiency,
high-rated power, high reliability, and high power
generation, as well as lowering costs will be the future
direction of PV technology development. In recent years,
Trina Solar has been deeply involved in the industrialization
of N-type solar cell technology.
The impact on economic and social progress resulting
from such breakthroughs will be manifold. Continued
technological breakthroughs have increased the market
potential of the PV industry. Guided by the carbon peaking
and carbon neutrality goals, PV has already played a
key role in the development of the new energy industry
in China. Under the 1.5° C pathway, the IRENA estimates
that the installed capacity of PV will increase to more than
14,000 GW by 2050. The Energy Research Institute of the
National Development and Reform Commission forecasts
that by 2050, PV will become the largest source of power
in China, with installed capacity of solar PV at 5,000 GW,
accounting for 59% of China’s installed capacity.
Continuous technological breakthroughs have
enabled the PV industry to contribute more to carbon
peaking and carbon neutrality goals and contribute to
global energy savings and sustainable development. By
the third quarter of 2022, its cumulative shipments of PV
modules had exceeded 120GW and produced more than
162 billion kWh of clean energy, close to the installed
capacity of 5.3 Three Gorges Dam power stations and
equivalent to planting 8.88 billion trees worldwide. ■
博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊 51
 张跃
远大科技集团有限公司董事长兼总裁

ZHANG Yue
Chairman and President of BROAD Group

问：时代的演变、技术的精进带来了就业形式的改 耳，但可以看到全球化的进程并没有戛然而止，更多呈现
变，这些变化是否必然对劳动力市场产生负面影响？国 的是一种变道发展，如诸多企业开始重新布局“以区域网
家和企业如何做出应对，培育面向未来的人力资源？ 络为中心的全球化”
。您认为全球化的下一步是什么？相
答：科技的进步表面上是减少了人工的需求，但实际 应带来哪些挑战与机遇？
上人类的需求不仅仅是对工业和农业产品的需求。当科 答：全球化在衰退、在减弱，这是很显然的现象，但
技进步达到极高水平，劳动力大幅度得到解放以后，事实 是以往的全球化其实未见得是真正给全球各国都带来福
上这个时候人类的非物质需求，比如教育、文化、家政服 利的。各个国家可以利用目前的反全球化的这种思潮来
务、旅游等这类生活需求对劳动力市场其实是有巨大改 改善自身的产业。没有一个国家会拒绝真正有竞争力的、
善的。一方面可以使劳动者能够从事更优雅的、更符合人 真正稀缺的科技进入自己国家的。所以，事实上这反而
性的工作，而不是在机械的流水线上面工作。另一方面也 可以倒逼全球甚至第三世界国家的科技进步，倒逼产生
使劳动者的素质可以通过工作得到提升，而不是一辈子 更多的以创新为载体的全球化。由于以往的全球化是简
在流水线上得不到任何技能、素质上的提升。所以，科技 单的以制造业、供应链和以简单、重复的物质供应为主
的进步、人类生产效率的提高并不损害就业市场，相反还 要内容的全球化，接下来如果说是以创新为载体的全球
能提高就业市场的质量，提升人类整体的福祉。 化，对全球很多国家来说并不一定是坏事。它将是一次
历史的新的机遇。■
问：世卫组织1月30日声明指出，尽管新冠大流行可
能正接近转折点，但目前仍构成“国际关注的突发公共
卫生事件”
。疫情带给全球经济的疤痕有多大？会有哪些
持续影响？新冠给人类社会带来了怎样的思考和教训？
在国际协调与合作，如何共同应对下一次大流行？
答：新冠给人类带来了怎样的思考和教训，这个特
别重要。从历史上看，人类从来没有从历史中吸取过教
训。地震来了，大家都觉得房屋要抗震，要用钢结构，地
震过去了以后，照样用混凝土结构，很容易忘记地震告诉
人们的常识。新冠疫情也会是一样的，当时死了很多人，
全球都被封闭了、分隔了，很多人甚至都不能出家门，当
时大家的印象是很深刻的，但是人类健忘的天性会使我
们在病毒过去后就会放松对传染病的警惕。事实上如何
解决对流行病、传染病警惕性的问题，在新冠疫情以后，
全球要进行持续的广泛的研究、讨论，并采取行动。

问：
“全球化见顶”甚至“全球化已死”的声音不绝于

52 博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊
 Q: The evolution of time and technological advance-
ment have brought about changes in employment. Will
these changes necessarily harm the labor market? How
should countries and enterprises respond to cultivate
future-oriented human resources?
A：The progress of technology has ostensibly re-
duced the demand for labor. But in fact, human needs
are not only for industrial and agricultural products.
When technological progress reaches an extremely high
level, the labor force will be substantially liberated. At this
time, human’s non-material needs, such as education,
culture, domestic services, tourism and other such life
needs will increase the demand for labor market. On the
one hand, it will enable workers to do more elegant and
humane work, instead of working on the mechanical as-
sembly line. On the other hand, it also enables workers
to improve their skills and abilities through their work,
instead of doing repetitive actions on the assembly line
during the life. Therefore, the progress of technology
and the increase of human productivity do not harm the
job market, instead, they can improve the quality of the
job market and enhance the overall well-being of human
beings.
Q：The WHO announced on January 30th that the
COVID-19 pandemic still constitutes a“Public Health
Emergency of International Concern, ”although the pan-
demic may be approaching an inflection point. How large
an economic scar has the pandemic left? What are its
ongoing impacts? What lessons human society has
learned from it, including how to deal with the next pan-
demic coordinatively and cooperatively?
A：It is particularly important to consider what kind
of thinking and lessons COVID-19 has taught us. His-
torically, people have never learned from the past. When
an earthquake comes, everyone thinks that houses
must be earthquake resistant and safe with steel struc-
tures. After it has passed, the same concrete structure
is used as usual, and it is easy to forget what the earth-
quake told us about common sense. It was the same
with the COVID-19 epidemic, when so many people
died, countries were closed and separated, and people
were not even allowed to leave their homes, and people
were impressed at the time. But human forgetfulness
will cause us to be less vigilant about infectious diseases
once the virus has passed. In fact the issue of epidemic
and infectious disease vigilance should be the subject
of continuous and extensive global research, discussion
and action after this outbreak.
Q：While there is talk of“over globalization peak”
and even“the end of globalization”, the globalization pro-
cess has not stopped abruptly. What can be observed is
more of lane-changing. Many companies have begun
to pivot toward“globalization centered on regional net-
works”. What is your view on next phase of globalization?
What are the challenges and opportunities?
A：It is obvious that globalization is declining and
slowing down. But in the past it has not really brought
benefits to all countries of the world. Each country can
use this current anti-globalization trend to improve its own
industry. No one in the world would deny truly competi-
tive and scarce technologies to their own countries. So,
in fact, this can force the global and even the third world
countries to advance in science and technology, and
force more innovation-based globalization. As the previ-
ous globalization was simply based on manufacturing,
supply chain and simple, repetitive material supply. Next,
if it is innovation-based globalization, it will not be a bad
thing for many countries around the world. It will be a new
opportunity in history. ■
博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊 53
 徐一丁
中国农业发展银行副行长

XU Yiding
Executive Vice President of Agricultural Development
Bank of China (ADBC)

问：绿色发展是一种生产方式的变革，也带来商业 民风雨同舟、荣辱与共。构建人类命运共同体，是推动经
模式的革新，对于企业来说，需要采取什么样的行动？ 济社会发展，缩小“包容性发展赤字”的根本所在、关键
答：绿色发展立足于人类永续发展，在环境污染严 所在，应重点在以下三个方面采取行动：
重、资源约束趋紧的当下，是一种影响深远、客观科学的 第一，确保粮食和能源供给安全，着力解决人类生
发展方式。 存的基础性问题。粮食问题是决定人类生存的根本性问
近年来，农发行积极发展绿色金融，全力服务生态 题，能源是工业的“粮食”
，粮食和能源决定了经济社会
文明建设，2018年-2022年累放绿色贷款1.46万亿元， 能否存在和正常运行。目前，全球还有超过8亿人处于饥
2022年末绿色贷款余额 1.73万亿元，占全行贷款的 饿状态，粮食生产受自然灾害、气候变化的影响还比较
22.32%。 大，能源生产供应稳定性也存在较大不确定性，价格持
下一步，将从三个方面持续发力：一是完善绿色金 续高位波动。要进一步完善全球粮食和能源生产供应治
融治理体系。践行推广以可持续发展为核心的ESG理 理机制，畅通贸易渠道，建立供应绿色通道，提升生产供
念，开展绿色金融前瞻性研究，健全绿色金融政策制度， 给能力，确保全球产业链、供应链稳定安全。
完善组织架构和科学决策体系，加强专业队伍建设，不 第二，携手应对全球挑战，着力解决影响人类生存
断提升绿色金融治理水平。 的重大安全问题。当前，人类社会面临挑战层出不穷，气
二是优化绿色金融服务。资源优先向绿色企业和项 候危机、环境变化、重大传染性疾病持续蔓延，地缘冲突
目配置，政策优先向绿色领域倾斜。在资产端，加快产品 时有发生，保护主义抬头回潮，对全球发展造成严重冲
模式创新，推动绿色信贷扩面、增量、提质，积极发展绿 击，对弱势群体的影响更加深刻。以新冠肺炎疫情为例，
色基金，加大对国家储备林、生态环保、清洁能源等领域 疫情持续三年，对全球经济社会发展造成重大冲击，给
支持力度。在负债端，积极请领央行碳减排支持工具，加 人类生存带来巨大挑战，有超过600万人失去生命。面对
大绿色债券筹资力度，强化绿色负债端与资产端的协同 世纪疫情，全球携手应对，加强合作互助，形成了一些好
联动。 的治理范例。今后，对于具有全球性影响的重大挑战和
三是稳步推进绿色运营。将绿色环保理念融入日常 危机，世界各国应携起手来、团结互助，在各方面加强合
运行管理，积极倡导绿色办公、绿色采购、绿色出行，对 作共享，齐心协力应对危机、战胜挑战。
基础设施进行绿色建设、绿色改造，全方位推动节能降 第三，推动全球发展合作，着力解决差距问题。追求
耗，降低自身碳排放。 幸福，是所有国家所有人民的共同愿望。当前，不同国家、
不同地区间，贫富差距依然存在且有拉大趋势，决不能
问：疫情、能源和粮食危机使全球极端贫困人口和 忽视甚至无视。要秉持对全球发展负责的态度，直面贫
难民数量大幅增长，实现包容性发展的任务更为艰巨。 富差距、发展鸿沟、难民等重大问题，加强减贫和发展等
您认为2023年在国际和国家层面缩小“包容性发展赤字” 领域合作，加大技术、资金、项目等方面的援助力度。各
最重要的三项行动是什么？ 国在治理中也应重视发展的公平性协同性，采取有效举
答：宇宙只有一个地球，人类共有一个家园，各国人 措解决贫富差距问题。■

54 博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊
 Q: Green development is changing production
methods and creating innovative business models. How
can enterprises make the most of this trend?
A: Aiming to achieve sustainable development for
mankind, green development represents a far-reaching
and science-based approach of development at a time of
serious environmental pollution and tight resource con-
straints.
In recent years, Agricultural Development Bank of
China (ADBC) actively developed green finance business,
and made every effort to serve the cause of pursuing
ecological progress. From 2018 to 2022, ADBC offered an
accumulative amount of 1.46 trillion yuan in green loans,
with the balance of such loans standing at 1.73 trillion
yuan, or 22.32% of the total balance of the bank by the
end of 2022. Going forward, ADBC will continue to make
efforts in three areas. First, the green finance governance
system will be improved. We will better integrate the
ESG concept into operations, carry out forward-looking
research on green finance, improve green finance policies
and institutions, enhance organizational structure and
sound decision-making, build a professional team, and
constantly improve green finance governance outcomes.
Second, we will improve green financial services. Priority
will be given to allocating resources to support green
enterprises and projects, and favorable policies will be tilted
to green sectors as well. On the asset end, we will speed
up innovation in product models, improve the coverage,
quantity and quality of green credit, actively develop green
funds, and increase support for national reserve forests,
ecological protection and clean energy. On the liabilities
end, we will actively apply for and utilize PBOC’s carbon
reduction supporting tool, boost green bond financing, and
strengthen the synergy between the liabilities and asset
ends. Third, we will steadily promote green operations.
Green concepts will be integrated into daily operations and
management; green workplace, green procurement and
green travel will be encouraged; green construction and
green upgrade will be applied to bank infrastructure, which
will comprehensively promote energy conservation and
consumption reduction, and reduce carbon emissions.
Q: The pandemic, energy, and food crises have in-
creased the number of extreme-poverty populations and
refugees around the world, making the task of achieving
inclusive development even more difficult. What do you
see as the three most important actions to achieve re-
duction in the "inclusive development deficit" at the inter-
national and national levels in 2023?
A: There is only one Earth in the universe which
is shared by all mankind. Building a community with a
shared future for mankind is key to promoting economic
and social development and narrowing the“inclusive de-
velopment deficit”. Therefore, actions need to be taken in
the following three areas:
First, we need to ensure food and energy security and
address the basic problem of human survival. Food is a
fundamental issue that determines the survival of mankind.
Energy is the“food”of industry. Food and energy are
indispensable to the existence and normal operation of
economy and society. At present, more than 800 million
people worldwide are still hungry. Food production is still
greatly affected by natural disasters and climate change,
and energy production and supply are also subject to a great
number of uncertainties, which render commodity prices
more volatile. In response, we should further improve global
governance mechanisms for food and energy production
and supply, unblock trade channels, establish green supply
channels, boost production and supply capacity, and ensure
stability and security of global industrial and supply chains.
Second, we need to work together to meet global
challenges and address major security issues that affect
the survival of mankind. At present, human society is
faced with numerous challenges, such as climate change,
environmental damage, spread of major infectious
diseases, occasional outbreak of geopolitical conflicts,
and resurging protectionism, which threaten global
development and particularly vulnerable groups. In the
future, should major challenges and crises with global
implications arise, all countries should respond by working
together and pooling resources in all respects, so as to
cope with crises and overcome challenges.
Third, we need to promote global cooperation to
address development gaps. Pursuit of happiness is an
aspiration shared by all mankind. At present, the gap
between the rich and the poor still exists and is widening
among different countries and regions. This should not
be neglected or ignored. We should take a responsible
attitude towards global development, face up to major
issues such as wealth gap, development gap and
refugees, step up cooperation in poverty reduction and
development, and boost assistance in technology, funds
and projects. Countries should also govern in ways that
promote fairness and coordination of development and
take effective measures to address the gap between the
rich and the poor. ■
博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊 55
 翟京丽
金光集团APP（中国）副总裁
ZHAI Jingli
Deputy CEO of Sinar Mas APP-China
问：绿色发展是一种生产方式的变革，也带来商业
模式的革新，对于企业来说，需要什么样的行动？
答：2020年中国正式提出双碳目标，再到2022年
习近平总书记在中共二十大报告中提出的推动绿色发
展，促进人与自然和谐共生，绿色可持续发展理念在中
国逐步成熟。可以预见绿色发展必将带来一场影响社会
经济环境的重大变革。
金光集团APP作为拥有林浆纸一体化的数智产业
链，涵盖上下游产业的集团企业，我们将绿色发展的特
性转化为产业发展优势，形成全周期、科学合理的循环
经济体系。
首先，我们进行系统性战略构画，梳理集团资源并
设定目标，披露关键议题的相关内容，设置相关管理架
构。
第二，我们推动源头价值化，增加价值链上的绿色
生产、产品以及服务投入的环境和社会价值。在全面掌
握超过27万公顷林地蕴含的林业碳汇价值外，也加速生
物质能源的应用。
第三，实现全产业链数智化覆盖。目前我们已实现
数字化的1.0平台搭建，实现端到端的打通，从生产到销
售、物流，最终到客户的全流程线上化。接下来的2.0时
代，则要在工厂自动化、管理可视化等领域持续下功夫。
第四，实现跨领域深入融入。与价值链各命运共同
体伙伴们合作，既可以扩大绿色发展相关举措的覆盖面、
丰富度并从中受益，又能在新的领域发现、创建新的商
业模式中获取价值。
最后，达成广域品牌价值的赋能。以创新的方式将
环境与社会解决方案中的绿色价值进行平台化、商业化
的推广与传播，有效提升社会参与度。
问：经济学家和企业家们都倾向于预测明年全球经
56 博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊
济将陷入衰退，争议在于衰退的深浅和长短。您如何评
估2023年全球经济的主要风险？你所在的行业将面临哪
些机遇与挑战？
答：随着2023年的到来，虽然全球已进入疫情大流
行后“新常态”的进程，但也正面临着一系列全新的不确
定因素。
一方面，从外部大环境来看，全球市场的波动影响
着企业的抗风险能力。作为典型的顺周期行业，原材料
市场以及疫情反复，对企业的供应链韧性提出了挑战。
另一方面，从行业内部来看，绿色节能环保门槛的
愈发提高。自2020年“双碳”政策提出，政府各部门陆续
出台了关于废纸加工、水效提升和低碳低能的各项环保
政策。
当前，大环境正向制造业供应链、产业链提出更高
的要求，我们应当有“攻城不怕艰，攻书莫畏难”的精神。
在供应链问题上，我们应当把握疫后经济回暖的好
时机，与上下游企业充分合作，创造共赢局面。近期的中
央经济工作会议已经强调2023年将把扩大内需战略摆
在优先地位。
在产业链问题上，中国政府提出的高质量发展方针
在督促着我们不断向更高一层进取。近年来，金光集团
APP不断加大创新投入，深化林浆纸一体化的数智产业
链。我们认为，这种数字化技术的创新所带来的经济效
益绝不是仅限于一个工厂或者一个企业的，它能够辐射
到整个集团乃至于整个行业，形成互惠、共筑未来。
总体而言，我们认为，全球经济的不确定性风险确
实存在，但依托于中国强大的贸易合作关系网和前瞻性
的政策导向，我们定能乘势而上，出乎其类、拔乎其萃。
造纸行业作为国民经济的支柱行业之一，在百年变局前
也会迎风而上，助力国家社会经济高质量发展，为走好
中国式现代化道路增砖添瓦。■
 Q：Green development is changing production
methods and creating innovative business models. How
can enterprises make the most of this trend?
A：The concept of green and sustainable develop-
ment has been formed since China formally proposed
the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals in 2020.
Xi Jinping, general secretary of the Communist Party of
China (CPC) Central Committee, in 2022 proposed in the
report of the 20th Communist Party Congress that the
country should promote green development and har-
mony between humanity and nature. Therefore, we can
predict that green development will for sure bring revolu-
tionary changes to society and the economy.
With a digital and intelligent“plantation-pulp-paper
integration”industrial chain and businesses covering
upstream and downstream firms, APP China has trans-
formed the key elements of green development into in-
dustrial development advantages to form a full-cycle and
scientific circular economic system.
First, we have mapped out systematic strategies,
sorted the group’s resources, set goals, disclosed key
issues, and constructed management structures.
Second, we are pushing forward the concept of
“Value from the Source ”by adding the environmental
and social value of green production, products, and ser-
vice inputs along the value chain.
Third, our whole industrial chain has realized the full
coverage of digital intelligence. We have already estab-
lished the 1.0 platform for digitalization, which has helped
to realize the entire online process from production, sales,
and logistics to customers. In the coming 2.0 era, we will
put unremitting efforts into factory automation and man-
agement visibility.
Fourth, we have explored and integrated into other
sectors. Cooperation with partners from each com-
munity of shared future along the value chain can not
only expand the coverage and diversity of sustainability
measures and produce benefits, but also make a profit
through discovering and creating new business models in
new sectors.
Finally, we have empowered our brand value in a wide
area. We have advertised and disseminated green values
in environmental and social solutions in innovative ways.
Q：Many economists and entrepreneurs predict that
the global economy may fall into a recession next year.
What do you see as the main risks to the global economy
in 2023? What opportunities and challenges will your in-
dustry face?
A：With the arrival of 2023, although the world has
stepped into the“new normal”after the pandemic, we still
face a new set of uncertainties.
For one thing, from the perspective of the general
environment, the volatile global market affects the risk
control capacity of enterprises. For such a typical pro-
cyclical industry as the paper industry, the limitations of
the raw material industry and the recurring pandemic
challenges the resilience of our supply chains.
For another, within the industry, it is more and more
difficult to meet the requirements of energy conservation
and environmental protection. Since the initiative of carbon
peaking and carbon neutrality goals began in 2020, the
government has enacted numerous environmental pro-
tection policies regarding waste paper processing, water
efficiency, low carbon emission, and energy conservation.
The general environment demands higher require-
ments for the manufacturing supply chain and industrial
chain, so we should have a tough spirit like“attacking the
city despite the hardship, and digging into books despite
the difficulties.”
As for the supply chain, we should grasp the eco-
nomic rebound after the pandemic, and cooperate with
upstream and downstream firms for mutual benefit.
On the issue of industrial chains, the high-quality
development guidelines proposed by the Chinese gov-
ernment urge us to do better. In recent years, APP has
undertaken more investment in innovation and deepened
the development of our integrated plantation-pulp-paper
digital and intelligent industrial chain. We believe that
the economic benefits of this digital innovation are by no
means limited to a factory, or an enterprise, but can influ-
ence the whole group, even the whole industry to create a
prosperous future.
In conclusion, we admit that the risks of global eco-
nomic uncertainties do exist, but due to China’s power-
ful trade cooperation and proactive policies, we are sure
to catch momentum and withstand impacts. The paper
industry is one of the pillar industries of the national
economy. Despite changes unseen in a century, we will all
rise to the challenge and promote high-quality social and
economic development to contribute to the advancement
of Chinese modernization. ■
博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊 57
 王乃祥
北京绿色交易所董事长
WANG Naixiang
Chairman of China Beijing Green Exchange
问：全球是否离1.5摄氏度的升温控制目标越来越
远？在全球加大减排力度和适度气候变化的努力中，如
何能发挥好碳市场在碳定价和有效配置资源上的作用？
答：1.5摄氏度是非常具有挑战性的目标，其达成需
要各国、各方顶住各种短期压力，付出长期不懈的努力。
中国一贯高度重视应对气候变化工作。2022年 11月，
中国向《联合国气候变化框架公约》秘书处提交的《中
国落实国家自主贡献目标进展报告（2022）》指出，经初
步核算，2021年，中国碳排放强度比 2005年累计下降
50.8%，清洁能源消费占比提升至 25.5%。这一系列成
绩是中国扎实推进相关工作，以实现“30·60”国家自
主贡献目标的鲜明体现。长期来看，只要世界各国、社会
各方能够切实履行应对气候变化的责任，不懈努力，我
们一定会离 1.5摄氏度的全球温控目标越来越近。
在全球加大减排力度、适应气候变化的浪潮中，碳
市场作为利用市场机制控制和减少温室气体排放、推动
绿色低碳发展的一项重大制度创新，有着非凡的意义。
要想发挥好碳市场在价格发现和资源配置上的作用，可
以从三个方面入手：第一，提升碳市场的流动性。通过
碳资产开发，不断充实碳市场交易品种，同时积极开发
各类碳交易产品与衍生品。第二，完善环境信息披露。积
极建设环境信息披露体系，让市场更为有效，帮助碳交
易参与者更好地识别风险与价值。第三，培育碳市场参
与者的专业能力。开展双碳能力建设，推动碳市场参与
者成熟度整体提升。
问：在全球各国及产业界积极向新能源转型的大趋
势下，俄乌冲突以及随之而来的能源供应中断，为能源
安全问题敲响警钟。发展新能源是必然趋势，同时目前
的新能源技术还不足以稳定填补传统能源的缺口。如何
在新能源创新与能源安全之间取得平衡？
58 博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊
答：
《“十四五”现代能源体系规划》指出，
“十四五”
时期是为力争实现“30·60”双碳目标打好基础的关键
时期，必须协同推进能源低碳转型与供给保障，加快能
源系统调整以适应新能源大规模发展。基于此，中国提
出“到2025年，国内能源年综合生产能力达到46亿吨
标准煤以上，原油年产量回升并稳定在2亿吨水平，天然
气年产量达到 2300亿立方米以上，发电装机总容量达
到约30亿千瓦，非化石能源消费比重提高到20%左右”
的目标。
同时，在增强能源供应链稳定性和安全性方面，规
划提出，要增强油气供应能力、加强安全战略技术储备、
加强煤炭安全托底保障、发挥煤电支撑性调节性作用、
提升天然气储备和调节能力以及维护能源基础设施安
全，以强化战略安全保障和提升运行安全水平。
能源是经济社会发展的基础支撑，对新冠疫情后
的经济复苏至关重要。因此，能源行业绿色发展不仅是
实现双碳目标的重要课题，还是经济绿色复苏的重要引
擎，更是化解能源危机、保障能源安全的重要抓手。北
京绿色交易所将与业内企业共同建设能源行业绿色项目
库，为能源行业企业和项目开展碳核算、绿色评价和环
境信息披露，在此基础上打通与绿色信贷和绿色债券的
对接渠道，服务能源行业绿色投融资。■
 Q：Is the world getting farther and farther away from
its goal of limiting the earth’s warming to 1.5 degrees
Celsius? What can be done to make good use of the car-
bon market’s role in pricing and effective allocation of
resources?
A：1.5 degrees is a very challenging target, re-
quiring countries and parties to resist various short-
term pressures and make long-term unremitting ef-
forts. China has always attached great importance to
address climate change. In November 2022, China
submitted to the United Nations Framework Conven-
tion on Climate Change Secretariat the“Progress on
the Implementation of China’s Nationally Determined
Contributions (2022) , which states that, according to
preliminary accounting, in 2021, China’s carbon emis-
sion intensity drops by 50.8% compared to 2005, and
the proportion of clean energy consumption increases
to 25.5%. These achievements fully reflects China’s
solid promotion of relevant work to achieve the“30·60”
nationally determined contribution target. In the long
term, I believe that as long as all countries and all sec-
tors of society in the world can effectively fulfill their
responsibilities to address climate change and make
unremitting efforts, we will get closer to the global tem-
perature control target of 1.5 degrees.
In the wave of global emission reduction and ad-
aptation to climate change, the carbon market is of great
significance as a major institutional innovation to control
and reduce greenhouse gas emissions and promote
green and low-carbon development using market mech-
anisms. To give full play to the role of the carbon market
in price discovery and resource allocation, we can start
from four aspects: First, improve the liquidity of the carbon
market. Through the development of carbon assets, we
could enrich the varieties of carbon market transactions
and actively develop various products and derivatives.
Second, improve environmental information disclosure.
Build an environmental information disclosure system to
make the market more effective and help participants in
carbon trading identify risks and values more efficiently.
Third, cultivate the professional capacity of carbon market
participants. Improve capacity of participants on carbon
peaking and carbon neutrality and promote the overall
improvement of their maturity in the carbon market.
Q：As countries and industries all over the world ac-
tively transit to new energy, the Russia-Ukraine conflict
and the ensuing interruption of the energy supply have
sounded the alarm for energy security. The development
of new energy is an inevitable trend, but technology to-
day is not enough to replace traditional energy at a stable
pace. What should be done to strike a balance between
new energy innovation and energy security?
A：The 14th Five-Year Plan for Modern Energy
System points out that the 14th Five-Year Plan period is
critical to lay a good foundation for achieving the“30·60”
goal, and must promote energy low-carbon transforma-
tion and supply security, accelerate the adjustment of the
energy system to adapt to the large-scale development of
new energy. Thus, China proposes that“by 2025, the an-
nual comprehensive domestic energy production capac-
ity will reach more than 4.6 billion tons of standard coal,
the annual crude oil production will rebound and stabilize
at 200 million tons, the annual natural gas production will
reach more than 230 billion cubic meters, the total in-
stalled capacity of power generation will reach about 3
billion kilowatts, and the proportion of non-fossil energy
consumption will increase to about 20%”.
At the same time, in enhancing the stability and
security of the energy supply chain, the plan proposes
to enhance oil and gas supply capacity, strengthen the
security of strategic technology reserves, strengthen
the security of coal backing security, play a supportive
regulating role of coal power, enhance the natural gas re-
serves and regulating capacity and maintain the security
of energy infrastructure, in order to strengthen strategic
security and enhance operational safety.
Energy is the basic support for economic and social
development and is crucial to economic recovery after the
COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, the green development
of the energy industry is not only the issue to achieve the
goal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, the engine
for the green economic recovery, but also the grasp to re-
solve the energy crisis and ensure energy security. China
Beijing Green Exchange will work with enterprises in the
industry to build a green project database for the energy
industry, carry out carbon accounting, green evaluation
and environmental information disclosure for enterprises
and projects in the energy industry, and on this basis
open up the docking channels with green credit and green
bonds to serve green investment and financing in the en-
ergy industry. ■
博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊 59
全球及亚太经济信心调查 1
2022年，俄乌冲突引发全球能源粮食危机、影响
供应链稳定，全球通胀水平达到40年以来的最高水
平，全球经济复苏动力转弱。然而，亚洲整体仍体现
出较强的经济韧性，为世界经济从疫情冲击中复苏注
入了稳定力量。2023年是全球主要经济体度过疫情后
调整期、全球产业链供应链渐趋正常的第一年，乌克
兰危机、高通胀和全球化撕裂持续，世界经济面临重
大挑战。全球政商学界对于全球和亚洲经济的增长前
景信心如何？全球经济主要面临哪些重大不确定性因
素？主要有哪些因素影响亚洲企业经营和发展？企业
家们最青睐亚洲哪些国家和地区以及哪些产业？全球
产业链供应链将如何调整，绿色转型进展如何？走出
疫情影响后的中国增长前景如何，有哪些重要动力？
带着这些问题，博鳌亚洲论坛研究院与《财经》杂志
及其合作伙伴对共计850多位专家学者、企业家、国
际机构相关负责人发出调查问卷。在此过程中，博鳌
亚洲论坛的合作伙伴和会员单位提供了鼎力支持与帮
助。
从问卷结果看，对于全球经济前景，尽管主要发
达国家仍然面临高通货膨胀等压力，包括亚洲在内的
全球不少区域有望保持复苏态势。受访者对2023年
全球经济增长仍抱有很强信心，有超过一半的受访者
（52.2%）认为全球经济增长将小幅加快。受访者们最
为担心的风险是俄乌冲突难以找到和平解决方案，对
全球经济的冲击进一步扩大；全球高通胀持续较长
时间，进一步引发发达经济体货币政策收缩和经济衰
退；逆全球化导致全球产业链被迫重组和调整。此外，
1.注：根据博鳌亚洲论坛研究院2023年1-2月对论坛合作伙伴、会员单位做的问卷调查，以及2023年3月《财经智库》、
沙特基础工业公司联合编写的《全球经济信心指数调查报告》部分内容编写。
新兴市场债务危机、突发事件也是受访者比较担心的
干扰全球经济复苏的风险。
关于亚洲经济前景和企业家信心，企业家们对
亚洲经济前景总体持乐观态度。受访企业大多计划于
2023年重点在中国及东盟布局，人工智能、大数据等
核心信息通信技术行业、新能源领域以及智能制造行
业是投资热点。地缘政治冲突干扰全球产业链、中美
经贸和科技脱钩风险加大、通货膨胀持续、监管政策
变化以及全球性传染病是企业家们选出的影响经营和
发展的五大因素。营商环境、产业集群水平、地缘政
治局势以及贴近大市场是企业在供应链布局时考虑的
主要因素。超过七成的受访企业家认为RCEP等经贸
伙伴关系的构建将拉动签约国5%-15%的贸易和投资
增长。企业家们积极响应碳中和目标，过半企业在“实
现净零排放”目标下作出了战略部署；获得绿色技术、
从碳配额或碳信用市场获利、获得绿色产业补贴以及
图1：受访者对2023年全球经济增长的预期
大幅放缓：5.12％
大幅加快：8.74％
持平：10.24％
小幅放缓：23.72％ 小幅加快：52.18％
《财经》杂志、
博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊 61
图2：对2023年全球经济主要风险点的判断

俄乌冲突持续，对全球经济冲击扩大 65.29%

欧美持续高通胀导致经济衰退 54.93%

逆全球化进一步引发全球产业链重组和调整 54.56%

美元升值利率上升带来新兴市场国家债务危机 38.83%

突发事件或其他 20.97%

全球新冠疫情出现致命新变异或后遗症显现 16.35%

能源危机 12.11%

大宗商品价格大幅波动 11.24%

极端气候事件 6.62%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%

信息披露与监管机制是企业家们认为推动企业绿色转 10.24%认为基本持平，8.74%认为会大幅加快，5.12%
型最重要的四个外部因素。 认为会大幅放缓。不过，世界银行于2023年初发布的
关于中国经济前景，70%左右的受访者对全年经 报告预计今年全球经济增长将大幅减速至1.7%，是近
济持乐观或相对乐观预期，认为随着2023年疫情防控 30年来全球第三低的增长速度，仅次于新冠肺炎大流
政策优化调整，经济复苏带动就业增加、消费回暖，中 行和全球金融危机期间的经济衰退。2023年全球贸易
国的市场规模以及在绿色低碳等产业上的先发优势， 可能会显著下调，跨境投资预计将低位徘徊。OECD、
将支撑实体经济恢复发展。但是，美国对中国高技术 IMF和世界银行对 2023年全球贸易量增速的最新预
产业的持续围追堵截，国内地方政府债务等风险和压 测分别为2.9%、2.4%、1.6%，分别较2022年下滑2.5、
力不可小觑。受访者认为，2023年中国经济回升需要 3.0、2.4个百分点。
着力提振民营经济和外资企业信心，积极促进消费增 乌克兰危机、高通胀和全球产业链重组是2023
长，促进房地产市场稳步回升，着力化解地方政府债 年全球经济的三大风险源
务问题，防范金融风险。 当前，俄乌冲突仍在持续，能否在2023年找到和

   一、全球经济仍处于复苏与调整周期，高通胀、
图3：对2023年亚洲整体增长前景的看法
乌克兰危机和全球产业链重组是2023年最重要风
险源 悲观1.9%

超过半数的受访者认为全球经济增长将小幅加快 中性16.7%

乐观 27.8%
2023年是全球主要经济体度过疫情后调整期、
全球产业链供应链渐趋正常的第一年，虽然主要发
达国家仍然面临高通货膨胀等压力，但包括亚洲在内
的全球不少区域有望出现复苏态势。在本次调查中，
相对乐观53.7%
超过一半的受访者（52.18%）认为全球经济增长将小
幅加快，23.72%的受访者认为全球经济将小幅放缓，

62 博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊
表1：亚洲前 20大经济体2023年宏观经济预测数据一览表
GDP增长率 通胀率 失业率
国家 IMF WB ADB OECD IMF ADB IMF
（2023年 1月更新） （2023年 1月更新） （2022年 9月更新） （2022年 11月更新） （2022年 10月更新） （2022年 9月更新） （2022年 10月更新）
中国 5.2 4.3 4.5 4.6 2.2 2.5 4.1
日本 1.8 1.0 1.6 1.8 1.3* - 2.4
印度 6.1 6.9 7.2 5.7 5.1 5.8 -
韩国 1.7 - 2.3 1.8 3.8 3.0 3.4
印度尼西亚 4.8 4.8 5.0 4.7 5.5 5.1 5.3
伊朗 2.0 2.2 - - 40.0 - 9.6
土耳其 3.0 2.7 - 3.0 51.2 - 10.5
沙特阿拉伯 2.6 3.7 - 5.0 2.2 - -
泰国 3.7 3.6 4.2 - 2.8 2.7 1.0
以色列 3.0* - - 2.8 3.6 - 3.8
孟加拉国 6.0* 5.2 6.6 - 9.1 6.7 -
菲律宾 5.0 5.4 6.3 - 4.3 4.3 5.4
阿联酋 4.2* 4.1 - - 3.6 - -
新加坡 2.3* - 3.0 - 3.0 2.3 2.1
越南 6.2* 6.3 6.7 - 3.9 4.0 2.3
马来西亚 4.4 4.0 4.7 - 2.8 2.5 4.3
巴基斯坦 2.0 2.0 3.5 - 19.9 18.0 6.4
哈萨克斯坦 4.3 3.5 3.7 - 11.3 7.5 4.8
伊拉克 4.0* 4.0 - - 4.5 - -
卡塔尔 2.4* 3.4 - - 3.3 - -

注：﹡2022年12月更新
资料来源：博鳌亚洲论坛研究院编制

平解决方案仍具有极大的不确定性。同时，发达国家 压力。受访者对全球经济主要风险点的判断反映了上
的通胀水平稍有缓解，但压力仍然沉重。2023年1月， 述挑战。65.3%的受访者认为，2023年全球经济的主
美国的CPI同比增长幅度为6.4%，法国、德国、英国、 要风险是俄乌冲突继续，对全球经济的冲击进一步扩
韩国分别为 6.0%、8.7%、10.1%和 5.2%。为应对通胀 大，有超过一半（54.9%）的受访者担心全球高通胀现
压力，主要发达经济体大概率将继续提高利率，可能 象持续较长时间，并进一步引发发达经济体货币政策
给新兴经济体和发展中国家将带来沉重的资本外流 收缩和经济衰退。54.6%的受访者担心逆全球化导致

图4：当前您所在企业的业务规模多大程度上集中在亚洲？ 图5：您2023年在亚洲准备重点拓展业务的地区是？
50% 100%

42.59% 83.33%
40% 80%

30% 60%
50%

20% 18.52% 40%

14.81%

10% 9.26% 9.26% 20% 14.81%

5.56% 11.11%
3.7% 1.85%
0% 0%
0-10% 10-20% 20-40% 40-60% 60-80% 80-100% 中国 东盟 日、韩 南亚 中亚 西亚

博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊 63
图 6：您认为2023年在亚洲以下哪些行业会最受投资者青睐？

人工智能、大数据等核心ICT行业 61.11%

太阳能、光能、氢能和储能等新能源领域 57.41%

智能制造 55.56%

基础设施建设 25.93%

大宗产品生产与施工 22.22%

传统能源转型 22.22%

金融、咨询、电商等服务业 20.37%

交通与物流 9.26%

其他、请列明 3.7%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%

图7：您的企业在供应链布局上主要考虑的因素是？

营商环境 70.37%

产业集群水平 44.44%

地缘政治局势 40.74%

贴近大市场 40.74%

吸引外资的产业政策 35.19%

实现智能制造的人力资源与科技水平 29.63%

其他、请注明 1.85%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%

全球产业链被迫重组和调整。此外，受访者对新兴市 政策，亚洲部分经济体的债务压力值得重视，这些都
场债务危机、突发事件等担心显著，对全球新冠疫情 可能影响到亚洲的产出水平。
反复或变异风险、能源危机、大宗商品价格波动和极 根据国际货币基金组织（IMF）的最新预测，2023
端气候事件方面的担心程度较低（图2）
。 年亚洲增长幅度将由2022年的4.3%上升至5.3%2。南
亚（5.6%）
、东南亚（4.6%）的经济增速高于亚洲整体。
二、亚洲经贸合作、数字转型和绿色低碳发展， 亚洲前20大经济体的2023年主要宏观经济指标预测
为世界经济复苏注入稳定力量 如表1所示。
多数受访者对亚洲经济增长持乐观或相对乐观态度 中国和东盟是受访企业的重点业务拓展地区，数
约八成的受访企业家对2023年亚洲经济增长持 字经济和绿色低碳发展领域最受投资者亲睐
乐观或相对乐观的态度，持相对悲观态度的仅占1.9%， 70.37%博鳌亚洲论坛研究院问卷调查的受访企
相较于2022年整体预期有明显改善。这体现出企业家 业表示将40%以上的业务集中在亚洲，83.33%的企业
对亚洲增长前景的积极信心（图3）
。但是，笼罩全球的 计划在2023年将中国列为重点业务拓展地区，50%企
高通胀阴云仍未彻底消散，主要经济体仍在采取紧缩 业计划在东盟地区布局，14.81%的企业表示将在日韩

64 博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊
2.注：IMF:《World Economic Outlook Update：Inflation Peaking Amid Low Growth2023》
图 8：2023年您最担心影响亚洲企业经营和发展的因素是？

地缘政治冲突干扰全球产业链 72.22%

中美经贸和科技脱钩的风险加大 72.22%

通货膨胀持续 51.85%

监管政策的变化 24.07%

全球性传染病 22.22%

研发能力不足 9.26%

能源危机 7.41%

市场融资困难 7.41%

劳动力市场的变化 3.7%

气候变化导致自然灾害频发 1.85%

其他、请列明 0%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%

拓展业务，11.11%的企业准备在南亚拓展业务。由此 受受访企业家们青睐的行业。人工智能、大数据等核
可见，中国和东盟是世界工厂的重要组成部分。当前， 心信息通信技术（Information and Communications
东盟制造业正在快速复苏，金融信息分析公司IHS Technology，ICT）行业得到了超六成企业家的支
Markit于2023年2月1日披露的报告显示，东盟制造 持，过半数的企业家看好新能源及智能制造领域。这
业2023年1月的采购经理指数（PMI）从2022年12月 说明，数字经济以及绿色低碳发展在亚洲具有较好的
3
的50.8升至51.4的水平 。中国制造业也在稳健回升。 投资吸引力。在数字经济方面，2022年7月，中国信息
中国国家统计局服务业调查中心、中国物流与采购联 通信研究院发布的《全球数字经济白皮书（2022年）
》
合会于2023年1月31日发布数据称，中国制造业采购 显示，中国、日本、韩国和印度已跻身全球数字经济
4
经理指数（PMI）为50.1%，比上月上升3.1个百分点 。 规模前10位。当前，亚洲国家也在为绿色低碳发展积
核心信息通信技术、新能源以及智能制造是最 极提供金融支持。按照气候债券倡议（Climate Bonds

图9-10：您认为RCEP生效实施将在未来五年带来多大幅度签约国之间的贸易和投资增长？5

20％以上：4％ 7.4％
9.3％
15%-20％：7.49％

9.3％

0-5%： 0-5% 5-10%

19.48％
10-15% 15-20% 33.3％

20%及以上

5%-10％：47.82％ 40.7％
10%-15％：21.22％

3.注：http://www.mofcom.gov.cn/article/zwjg/zwxw/zwxwyz/202102/20210203037110.shtml
博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊 65
4.注：http://www.gov.cn/shuju/2023-01/31/content_5739400.htm
5.注：左图为《财经》杂志及其合作伙伴面向政商学界的调研结果，右图为博鳌亚洲论坛面向企业家会员的调研结果。
图11：您所在的企业在对外贸易和投资中计价和结算使用的前三大亚洲经济体的货币是？
70

60 57.41%

50 46.3%

40

30

20 18.52%

10 9.26%
7.41%
5.56% 3.7% 3.7%
1.85% 1.85% 1.85% 0% 0% 0%
0
为 ，
币

盾
元 用

日
民

南
韩

泰
港

亚
坡

亚
拉
主
欧 使
人

越
坦
西
加

里
迪
、 未

斯
特
酋
西

基
沙
尼

巴
元

度
印
美
以

Initiative, CBI）统计标准，截至2022年三季度，在全 2022年1月1日，RCEP正式实施，在2023年2月21

球绿色债券发行前20经济体中，中国、日本、韩国、新 日菲律宾正式批准《区域全面经济伙伴关系协定》核
加坡、中国香港、印度均来自亚洲。 准书后，RCEP15个成员国已全部批准该协议。RCEP
营商环境改善与产业集群水平提升有助于吸引企 协议覆盖世界近一半人口和近三分之一贸易量，是世
业进行供应链布局，地缘政治冲突与中美经贸科技脱 界上涵盖人口最多、成员构成最多元、发展最具活力
钩为企业家担心的首要风险 的自由贸易区，其生效实施对推动构建更紧密的区域
在被问及供应链布局时，营商环境（70.37%）
、产 产业链、供应链，全面提升区域贸易投资自由化、便
业集群水平（44.44%）
、地缘政治局势（40.74%）以及 利化水平有着更大作用。47.8%的受访者认为未来5年
贴近大市场（40.74%）是受访企业的重点关注因素。地 RCEP将带来签约国之间5%-10%的贸易增长，21.2%
缘政治局势与大市场吸引力的重要程度接近，体现出 的受访者认为 RCEP有可能带来 10%-15%的贸易增
企业家对地缘政治紧张态势破坏亚洲产业链、供应链 长，还有11.5%的人认为贸易增长量将在15%以上（图
稳定性的担心，企业为保证持续经营需要准备预案。
2022年，俄乌冲突导致全球能源危机，威胁粮食
安全。美国出台的《2022芯片与科学法案》意在推动 图12：您所在的企业是否设立了“实现净碳排放”的目标和
芯片制造产业“回流”美国。复杂的地缘政治与外部经 时间表？
济环境对相关的产业链与供应链造成了较大冲击。调
14.80％
38.90％
查显示，地缘政治冲突干扰全球产业链，中美经贸和
已经设定了净零排放
科技脱钩风险加大，超过70%的企业家对此忧心忡忡。 目标和时间表
9.30％
正在制定净零排放目标
通货膨胀持续（51.85%）、政策变化（24.07%）以及全 设定了其他环保目标
设定了气候相关的
球性传染病（22.22%）是影响受访企业决策的重要因 其他目标
不了解或没有任何
素。 相关计划

RCEP持续为区域经济注入活力，有望提振经济 22.20％

贸易复苏信心 14.80％

66 博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊
图13：您认为目前推动企业绿色转型最重要的三个外部要素是？
获得绿色技术
从碳配额或碳信用
市场获利
获得绿色产业补贴
信息披露与监管机制
获得绿色融资
0 20 40
9）
。单独从博鳌亚洲论坛企业家会员反馈看，40.7%的
受访企业家认为，实施RCEP将在未来五年带给签约
国10%-15%的贸易和投资增长，33.3%的受访企业家
认为能带来 5 %-10%的贸易增长，18.6%的企业家认
为这一比例将超过15%。7.4%的企业家对RCEP的预
期较弱，认为其仅能拉动低于5%的增长（图10）
。整体
而言，亚洲企业家对于RCEP的实施效果持相对乐观
的态度。从现实情况看，根据中国海关总署统计数据
显示，2022年，中国对RCEP其他14个成员国进出口
12.95万亿元，增长7.5%，占中国外贸进出口总值的
30.8%，与其中8个RCEP成员国进出口增速超过两位
数 6，RCEP对区域内各国间贸易起到了拉动作用。
亚洲本币合作持续推进
66.67%
国际金融危机后，亚洲各经济体在货币合作上的
力度不断加大，中央银行间本币互换安排日益增多。
53.7%
中国、日本、印度等经济体的中央银行均与区内其他
经济体中央银行签署了货币互换协议。本币互换安排
53.7% 对促进亚洲经济体间贸易、投资使用本币计价、结算
发挥了积极作用。在本次调查中，近六成企业在对外
53.7% 贸易和投资中使用人民币进行计价和结算，人民币、
港币、日元是受访企业在对外贸易和投资中计价和结
42.59% 算使用的前三大亚洲货币（图11）
，新加坡元、澳元、
印尼卢比和阿联酋迪拉姆也排在前列。在环球银行
60 80
金融电信协会（SWIFT）2023年2月16日公布的2023
年 1月全球支付货币前 20名中，人民币（3.20%）、日
元（2.79%）
、港元（1.13%）
、新加坡元（0.93%）
、泰铢
（0.75%）
、马来西亚林吉特（0.36%）
、新西兰元（0.25%）
等亚洲货币上榜，分别位列第4、5、8、9、10、16、18位。
超过半数的受访企业积极响应净零排放目标，认
为绿色技术、从碳市场获利、获得绿色产业补贴以及
信息披露与监管机制是促进企业绿色转型的关键要素
亚洲的碳排放量约占全球的一半，同时亚洲也深
受气候变化的影响。在过去20年中，全球约40%的自
然灾害（包括暴风雨、洪水和山体滑坡等）发生在亚洲，
亚洲区域的温度攀升幅度是全球最快的，目前温度比

图14-15：对2023年中国经济增长的预期7
悲观：0.87％ 悲观：3.70％

相对悲观：9.49％
中性：9.30％

乐观：13.98％

乐观：46.30％

相对乐观：53.56％ 相对乐观：40.70％
中性：22.10％

6.注：http://www.gov.cn/shuju/2023-02/02/content_5739623.htm
博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊 67
7.注：左图为《财经》杂志及其合作伙伴面向政商学界的调研结果，右图为博鳌亚洲论坛面向企业家会员的调研结果。
图16：对2023年中美关系走向的看法 图17：对2023年中美经贸走向的看法
乐观：1.62％ 70

悲观：7.24％ 60 59.26%

50
相对乐观：
12.36％
40

30

20.37%
20

10 9.26%
5.56% 5.56%

中性：37.95％ 相对悲观：40.82％ 0
乐观 相对乐观 中性 相对悲观 悲观

图18 对2023年中国居民消费增长的看法 图19：对2023年中国民间投资的信心展望

悲观：1.87％
悲观：1.37％

相对悲观：10.49％
乐观：12.98％

乐观：13.61％
相对悲观：
13.36％

中性：27.97％ 相对乐观：46.07％
中性：29.09％ 相对乐观：43.20％

1981年至2010年平均水平高0.86摄氏度，远高于全球 碳信用市场建设、提供阶段性的绿色产业补贴以及建
增幅0.42摄氏度。可见，对于亚洲而言，绿色低碳转型 立健全转型相关（尤其是转型融资领域）的信息披露
以实现净零排放已经迫在眉睫。在本次调查中，我们 与监管机制可以为绿色低碳转型提供重要激励。
可以看到亚洲企业已将实现净零排放目标提上日程。
其中，53.7%的受访企业已经或者正在制定净零排放    三、疫情防控政策优化调整经济秩序回归常
目标和时间表，31.5%的企业设定了与环境保护或气 态，2023年中国经济稳定回升可期
候相关的目标。仅15%左右的企业没有采取任何措施 半数左右的受访者对2023年中国经济增长前景
（图12）
。 相对乐观
本次调查结果中，67%的受访企业认为获得绿色 新冠病毒防控措施的优化调整很大程度上提升了
技术是绿色转型的重要因素，该因素受重视程度居于 受访者对2023年宏观经济的预期。14.0%的受访者对
首位。从碳配额或碳信用市场获利、获得绿色产业补 今年中国经济增长持乐观态度，超过一半（53.6%）的
贴以及信息披露与监管机制并列第二（53.7%）
，均获 受访者认为相对乐观，还有约22.1%的受访者保持中
得了超半数企业家的关注（图13）
。这说明，推进企业 性态度，认为今年经济相对悲观或悲观的比重合计只
绿色转型时，培育绿色技术开发环境、推动碳配额与 有10.4%。总体上，受访者对中国经济的前瞻处于乐观

68 博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊
图20：对2023年中国民营经济信心的展望 图21：对2023年中国制造业发展态势的信心
大幅下滑：3.12％ 悲观：1.5％

大幅提升：8.99％ 相对悲观：7.49％

乐观：10.86％
小幅下滑：
11.74％

大致持平：23.60％ 小幅提升：52.56％ 中性：27.22％ 相对乐观：52.93％

区间（图14）
。单独从博鳌亚洲论坛企业家会员反馈看， 的重要方面。虽然扩大消费面临不少的障碍，受访者
46.3%的企业家对中国经济增长持乐观态度，40.7% 对2023年居民消费增长的看法总体较为乐观，共有
的企业保持相对乐观（图15）
。 56.2%的受访者对2023年消费增长感到“乐观”或“相
多数受访者对中美关系存在不小的担忧 对乐观”
，持中性态度的近30%，表示悲观或相对悲观
中美关系对中国发展的外部环境有着重要影响。 的只有14.8%（图18）
。但当前中国居民消费占GDP比
继2018年美国大幅度加征关税，拜登政府通过“芯片 重偏低。2021年，中国居民消费占GDP比重为38.5%，
法案”
、“通胀法案”在集成电路、信息等诸多高技术领 比2020年提高了0.7个百分点，但仍低于国际一般比重
域推动与中国“脱钩断链”
，试图全面扼制中国高技术 （2016年全球中等偏下收入国家、中等偏上收入国家和
产业的发展。不过，2022年，中美之间进出口贸易总额 高收入国家这一比重分别为 64.9%、51.4%和59.8%）
。
8
达5.05万亿元，相较于2021年增长3.7% ，但2023年 总体来看，居民手中的财富水平，以及对未来收入的
前两个月中国对美出口增速下滑10.6%。2022年中美 预期是影响消费增长的最重要因素。
元首巴厘岛会晤为管控和稳定中美关系定下基调，但 受访者对投资增长总体乐观，民营经济信心提升
如何把两国元首重要共识落到实处仍需要克服重重阻 是扩大有效投资的最重要支撑
碍。受访者中，只有14.0%的人对2023年中美关系走 投资是宏观经济的快变量，是影响短期经济增长
向持“乐观”或“相对乐观”的态度，38.0%的受访者持 的关键因素。受访者对2023年中国投资增长抱有较强
“中性”态度，高达48.1%的受访者对中美关系表示“相 的信心，共有接近60%的受访者对今年的投资增长感
对悲观”或“悲观”
，说明受访者对中美关系看法总体 到乐观或相对乐观，有28%的受访者持中性态度，认
较为悲观（图16）
。单独从博鳌亚洲论坛企业家会员反 为“相对悲观”或“悲观”的只有12.4%。
馈看，59.26%的企业家对未来中美经贸关系持中性态 在房地产投资不太乐观、基础设施投资潜力也有
度，25.93%的企业家表示乐观或相对乐观，14.82%的 限的情况下，2023年中国投资增长态势更多取决于民
企业家持悲观或相对悲观的态度（图17）
。 营经济的发展信心。受访者对2023年中国民营经济的
虽然面临收入增长约束，经济恢复有望扩大就业 信心较为乐观。其中有61.6%的受访者认为民营经济
并助力消费增长 的信心将“大幅提升”或“小幅提升”
，23.6%的受访者
扩大消费，特别是扩大居民消费是促进经济稳定 认为将与2022年大致持平，认为民营经济信心将“小
增长的重中之重，也是提升人民群众经济发展获得感 幅下滑”或“大幅下滑”的比重两者合计只有14.9%，民

8.注：http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2023-01/13/content_5736993.htm
博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊 69
图22：当前中国制造业可持续发展的主要机遇

可再生能源的生产和规模化应用 52.93%

新能源汽车发展 38.83%

绿色供应链、低碳零碳工业流程再造 33.46%

储能技术不断发展 32.96%

化石能源清洁低碳利用技术不断成熟 27.84%

能源效率提升 27.59%

废弃物处理和循环利用业加快发展 22.60%

绿色金融提供资金支持 11.11%

CCUS（碳捕获、利用与封存）成本不断降低 9.74%

绿色化工技术发展 7.49%

其他 1.75%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%

营经济信心提升，将不仅能够扩大民间投资，支撑中 数字经济和信息技术产业等技术变革较快产业获得较
国高效率投资更快增长，还可以带动整个社会经济发 好的发展机会。三是中国处于新一轮科技革命快速发
展的信心（图20）
。 展期，近年来蓬勃发展的数字化智能化改造技术，使
受访者对中国制造业总体发展抱有乐观态度 中国规模巨大的纺织服装等轻工业和钢铁化工等重工
全球制造业仍将经受新冠肺炎后遗症影响的情 业具有了大幅度提高生产效率和重新焕发生机的机
况下，受访者对中国制造业总体发展仍然抱有相对乐 会，传统产业的先进性改造也具有很大的空间，中国
观的态度。10.9%和52.9%的受访者对2023年中国制 的纺织服装、家电、机械、钢铁等产业都可以在较长的
造业发展态势表示“乐观”或“相对乐观”，合计比重 时间内保持较高的国际竞争力，整个产业生命周期预
达到了63.8%，另有27.2%的受访者持“中性”态度，只 计都将显著长于其他国家。
有9.0%的受访者表示“相对悲观”或“悲观”的态度。 绿色低碳转型是中国制造业可持续发展的最重要
在当前中国制造业发展面临“前有发达国家打 机遇
压，后有发展中国家低成本竞争”的态势下，受访者对 受访者对当前中国制造业可持续发展主要机遇的
中国制造业的信心来自于多个方面，一是中国已经建 看法，一定程度上支撑了对制造业总体态度的判断。
立了系统、全面和坚实的产业基础，具备了与发达国 52.9%的受访者认为，可再生能源，特别是风、光等
家同步发展新兴产业的基础条件，例如节能环保、新 新能源的生产和规模化应用是2023年中国制造业的
能源汽车和新能源产业在较短时间内就具有了较强的 最大机遇，另外分别有38.8%和33.5%的受访者认为
全球竞争优势。二是中国具有超大规模经济体优势， 新能源汽车发展、绿色供应链和低碳零碳工业流程再
巨大的生产规模有利于摊销巨大的研发成本，特别是 造，以及储能技术是最具成长前景的行业。这体现了
对一些技术发展方向不确定的产业，可以同时在多个 受访者对新能源产业这一发展新机遇的重要认可。为
技术方向上进行实验和突破。例如，在新能源汽车发 了支撑新能源产业发展，受访者对储能技术发展、化
展方面，中国不仅有电动汽车技术，在氢能等其他技 石能源清洁低碳利用技术和能源效率提升的潜力都较
术路线上也有不少地方、不少企业在跟进和研发创 为看好，此外，废弃物处理和循环利用业加快发展也
新。这一优势还有利于中国在诸如生物科技、新材料、 被认为是中国制造业发展的重要机遇（图22）
。■

70 博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊
Global and Asia Pacific Economic Confidence
Survey1

In 2022, the Russia-Ukraine conflict triggered a global energy
and food crisis and affected supply chain stability. Global
inflation climbed to the highest level in 40 years, and the global
economic recovery started to lose steam. However, Asia as a
whole has shown strong economic resilience, injecting stability
into the recovery from the pandemic. The year 2023 is the first
year after all the world’s major economies completed their post
Covid adjustments and the global industrial and supply chain
gradually stabilized. The ongoing Ukraine crisis, high inflation
and deglobalization are the major challenges facing the world
economy today. How confident are political and business
communities around the world about the growth prospects
of the global and Asian economies? What are the major
uncertainties facing the global economy? What are the main
factors affecting the operation and development of companies
in Asia? What are business leaders’ favorite investment
destination and industries? How will global industrial and
supply chains be adapted? What is the progress in the green
transformation? What are China’s growth prospects after
emerging from the Covid pandemic? What are the key driving
forces? With these questions in mind, the Boao Forum for
Asia Research Institute, Caijing Magazine and its partners
sent out questionnaires to more than 850 specialists, scholars,
business leaders and senior representatives of international
organizations. The partner and member institutions of the BFA
have provided great support and assistance.
Judging by the results of the survey, some regions including
high levels of global inflation could trigger monetary policy
tightening and economic recession in developed economies;
and deglobalization could bring about the restructuring
and adaptation of the global industrial chain. In addition,
respondents are also concerned about debt crises and
unexpected incidents in emerging markets, which could get in
the way of the global economic recovery.
As regards Asia’s economic prospects and economic
confidence in the continent, the business community in general
is optimistic about economic growth prospects in Asia. Most
companies interviewed plan to roll out busissnesses in China
and ASEAN in 2023, and key information and communication
technology businesses such as artificial intelligence (AI), big
data, new energy, and intelligent manufacturing rank among
the most popular industries. Geopolitical conflicts, disruptions
in global supply chains, increased risks of decoupling between
China and the United States in trade and technology, as well
as sustained inflation and global pandemics are the top five
factors the business community expect will have the most
significant impact on their operations and development.
The business environment, standards of industry clusters
geopolitical development, and proximity to major markets are
Figure 1: Respondents’ expectations for global economic growth in 2023
Decelerate significantly：5.12％
Accelerate significantly：
8.74％

Asia are expected to sustain recovery momentum, despite Remain

major developed countries confronted with mounting

unchanged：
10.24％
inflationary pressure. Respondents have strong confidence
in sustained global economic growth in 2023, with over
half (52.2%) expecting global economic growth to slightly
accelerate. As to the main cause of concern, respondents
believe that a hard-to-achieve peaceful solution to the Russia-
Accelerate
Decelerate moderately： moderately：
Ukraine conflict will further hit the global economy; prolonged 23.72％ 52.18％

1. This report is formulated based on a survey conducted by Boao Forum for Asia Research Institute among the forum’s partners and member units in January
博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊 71
and February 2023, and is part of the Global Economic Confidence Index Survey Report jointly compiled by Caijing Think Tank, Caijing Magazine and Saudi
Basic Industries Corp. in March 2023.
Figure 2: Views of the main risks to the global economy in 2023

Prolonged Russia-Ukraine conflict leading to

65.29%
an expanded impact on the global economy

Continued high inflation in Europe and the

54.93%
United States causing an economic recession

Anti-globalization further triggering relocation

54.56%
and adjustments in global industrial chains

Appreciation of the US dollar and rising interest rates 38.83%

leading to a debt crisis in emerging market countries

Unexpected events or other risks 20.97%

Emergence of new deadly mutations of

16.35%
COVID-19 or the effect of“long COVID”

Energy crisis 12.11%

Sharp fluctuations of commodity prices 11.24%

Extreme weather events 6.62%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%

the main considerations for companies to layout their supply
chains. Over 70% of surveyed business leaders believe that
the establishment of economic and trade partnerships such as
RCEP would translate into 5% to 15% growth in trade and
investment among the signatory countries. They are making
positive responses to the carbon neutrality campaign with more
than half of the companies having made plans to achieve net-
zero emissions. Acquiring green technology, benefiting from
carbon allowance or the carbon credit markets, gaining access
to green industry subsidies, and information disclosure and
regulatory mechanisms are the four most important external
factors to drive enterprises to transform for green.
Regarding the economic outlook in China, about 70% of
the respondents hold optimistic or moderately optimistic
expectations for economic development in 2023. They
believe that with the optimization and relaxation of pandemic
prevention and control policies, the country will see
employment growth and a rebound in consumer spending in
of the real estate market, resolve local government debt issues
and guard against financial risks.
Ⅰ. The global economy is still undergoing a cycle of recovery
and adjustments, and high inflation, the Ukraine crisis
and the global industrial chain restructuring are the major
sources of risk in 2023
More than half of respondents expect global economic
growth to slightly accelerate
The year 2023 is the first year after all the world’s major
economies completed their post-Covid adjustments amid the
restoration of global industrial and supply chains. Some regions
worldwide, including Asia, are expected to sustain recovery
momentum, despite major developed countries are facing
Figure 3: Attitudes toward Asia's growth prospects in 2023
Pessimistic：1.9%

the year, and that the sheer size of the Chinese market and its Neutral：16.7%

first-mover advantages in the green and low-carbon industries Optimistic：27.8%

will support the recovery and development. On the other hand,
the U.S. continuous containment and blockade of China’s
high-tech industry, and domestic local government debt risk
and pressure should not be underestimated. The respondents
Relatively
optimistic：
believe efforts should be made to boost the confidence of 53.7%

private enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises, actively

stimulate consumption growth, promote the steady recovery

72 博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊
Table 1: List of macroeconomic forecasts for top-20 Asian economies in 2023
GDP growth Inflation Unemployment

Country IMF WB ADB OECD IMF ADB IMF

(updated in Jan. (updated in Jan. (updated in Sept. (updated in Nov. (updated in Oct. (updated in Sept. (updated in Oct.
2023) 2023) 2022) 2022) 2022) 2022) 2022)
China 5.2 4.3 4.5 4.6 2.2 2.5 4.1
Japan 1.8 1.0 1.6 1.8 1.3* - 2.4
India 6.1 6.9 7.2 5.7 5.1 5.8 -
Korea,
1.7 - 2.3 1.8 3.8 3.0 3.4
Republic of
Indonesia 4.8 4.8 5.0 4.7 5.5 5.1 5.3
Iran 2.0 2.2 - - 40.0 - 9.6
Turkey 3.0 2.7 - 3.0 51.2 - 10.5
Saudi Arabia 2.6 3.7 - 5.0 2.2 - -
Thailand 3.7 3.6 4.2 - 2.8 2.7 1.0
Israel 3.0* - - 2.8 3.6 - 3.8
Bangladesh 6.0* 5.2 6.6 - 9.1 6.7 -
The
5.0 5.4 6.3 - 4.3 4.3 5.4
Philippines
UAE 4.2* 4.1 - - 3.6 - -
Singapore 2.3* - 3.0 - 3.0 2.3 2.1
Vietnam 6.2* 6.3 6.7 - 3.9 4.0 2.3
Malaysia 4.4 4.0 4.7 - 2.8 2.5 4.3
Pakistan 2.0 2.0 3.5 - 19.9 18.0 6.4
Kazakhstan 4.3 3.5 3.7 - 11.3 7.5 4.8
Iraq 4.0* 4.0 - - 4.5 - -
Qatar 2.4* 3.4 - - 3.3 - -

*Updated in Dec. 2022

Note: Data compiled by Boao Forum for Asia Research Institute

mounting inflationary pressure. In the survey, more than half
of the respondents (52.18%) expect global economic growth to
slightly accelerate, while 23.72% believe that global economic
growth will moderately decelerate, 10.24% believe it will
remain relatively stable, 8.74% anticipate substantial growth
acceleration, versus 5.12% foreseeing a significant slowdown.
However, a report released by the World Bank in early 2023
predicts that global economic growth will decelerate steeply
to 1.7% this year, which is the third-lowest growth rate over
the past three decades, after the lowest growth speed seen in
the economic recessions during the Covid-19 pandemic and
the global financial crisis. Global trade in 2023 may see major
declines, and cross-border investment is expected to remain
low. The latest forecasts by the OECD, IMF and World Bank

Figure 4: What percentage of your current business is focused on Asia? Figure 5: In 2023, which of the region in Asia do you plan to focus on?

50% 100%

42.59% 83.33%
40% 80%

60%
30% 50%

40%
20% 18.52%
14.81%
20% 14.81%
9.26% 9.26% 11.11%
10%
5.56% 3.7% 1.85%
0%
lic o r
na

a
ub d/

0%
si

si

si
A

of
hi

ep an

lA

tA
E
C

th

0-10% 10-20% 20-40% 40-60% 60-80% 80-100%

t ra

es
R n
A

ou
a, pa

W
en
S
re Ja

C
Ko

博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊 73
Figure 6: Which of the following industries in Asia do you think will be the most popular among investors in 2023?

Core ICT industries such as AI and big data 61.11%

New energy filed such as solar energy, light

energy, hydrogen energy and energy storage 57.41%

Intelligent manufacturing 55.56%

Infrastructure construction 25.93%

Commodities production and processing 22.22%

Traditional energy transformation 22.22%

Finance, consulting, e-commerce and other services 20.37%

Transportation and logistics 9.26%

Others 3.7%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%

Figure 7: What are the main factors to consider in the supply chain layout for your business?

Business environment 70.37%

Industrial cluster level 44.44%

Geopolitical situation 40.74%

Close to big market 40.74%

Industrial policies to attract foreign investment 35.19%

Human resources and technological capability

29.63%
in achieving intelligent manufacturing

Others 1.85%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%

project global trade volume growth in 2023 to be 2.9%, 2.4%,
and 1.6%, respectively, which are down by 2.5, 3.0, and 2.4
percentage points from 2022.
The Ukraine crisis, high inflation, and the restructuring of
global supply chains are the three major sources of risk for
the global economy in 2023
The Russia-Ukraine conflict is still ongoing, and there is
considerable uncertainty as to whether a peaceful solution
can be achieved in 2023. Meanwhile, inflation in developed
countries has abated slightly, but inflationary pressure remains
at high levels. In January 2023, the year-on-year increase in
CPI in the United States was 6.4%, and 6.0%, 8.7%, 10.1%
and 5.2% in France, Germany, the UK and the Republic of
Korea, respectively. In a bid to address inflationary pressure,
major developed economies are likely to hike interest rates
further, which may lead to substantial capital outflows from
emerging economies and developing countries. The main risks
to the world economy identified by respondents reflect these
challenges. Some 65.3% of the respondents rate the drawn-out
Russia-Ukraine conflict as the main cause of concern for the
global economy in 2023. It will lead to further repercussions;
more than half (54.9%) of the respondents think that sustained
high global inflation could trigger monetary policy tightening
and economic recession in developed economies. About 54.6%
of the respondents are worried that anti-globalization will
lead to the forced reorganization and restructuring of global
industrial chains. Furthermore, the respondents are seriously
concerned about the debt crises and unexpected incidents in
emerging markets, and are less worried about the resurgence
of the Covid pandemic and the occurrence of new mutations,
energy crises, volatility of commodity prices, and extreme
weather events (Figure 2).

74 博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊
Figure 8: The factors affecting business and development that you are most concerned about in 2023
Disruption on global industrial chains
caused by geopolitical conflicts
Increasing risks of China-U.S. decoupling
in economic and technologic sectors
Continued inflation
Changes in regulatory policies
Global pandemic
Insufficient research and
9.26%
development capability
Energy crisis 7.41%
Difficulty in obtaining finance 7.41%
Changes in labor market 3.7%
Frequent natural disasters caused
1.85%
by climate change
Others 0%
0% 10%
Ⅱ. Economic and trade cooperation in Asia, digital
transformation, and green and low-carbon development
will inject stability into global economic recovery
Most respondents are optimistic or moderately optimistic
about economic growth in Asia
Some 80% of the surveyed entrepreneurs are optimistic
or moderately optimistic towards economic growth in
Asia in 2023, while only 1.9% are moderately pessimistic,
indicating a significant improvement in overall expectations
compared to 2022. This reflects the high level of confidence
among entrepreneurs in Asia’s growth prospects (Figure 3).
However, the high inflation that clouds the world has not yet
completely dissipated, and major economies are still rolling
out contractionary policies. The debt pressure in some Asian
economies also merits particular attention. These factors may
affect the continent’s overall production output.
According to the latest IMF forecast, the economic growth rate
in Asia in 2023 is expected to rise from 4.3% in 2022 to 5.3%,2
with South Asia (5.6%) and Southeast Asia (4.6%) estimated to
outperform the continental average growth rate. Table 1 shows
the major macroeconomic indicators forecast for the top 20
economies in Asia in 2023.
The companies surveyed regard China and ASEAN as
high-priority markets for business expansion, and the
digital economy and green and low-carbon development
are the most popular areas for investors
2. IMF: World Economic Outlook Update: Inflation Peaking amid Low Growth 2023
3. http://www.mofcom.gov.cn/article/zwjg/zwxw/zwxwyz/202102/20210203037110.shtml
4. http://www.gov.cn/shuju/2023-01/31/content_5739400.htm
72.22%
72.22%
51.85%
24.07%
22.22%
20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%
About 70.37% of the surveyed companies stated that they
would concentrate more than 40% of their business in Asia;
83.33% plan to focus on expanding their business in China
in 2023, and 50% are interested in ASEAN; 14.81% want
to grow their footprint in Japan and the Republic of Korea,
while 11.11% are preparing to expand their business in South
Asia. This shows that China and ASEAN have a large share
of the world factory. The ASEAN manufacturing industry
is recovering at a fast pace. According to a report released
by financial information analysis company IHS Markit on
February 1, 2023, the ASEAN Manufacturing Purchasing
Managers’ Index (PMI) rose from 50.8 in December 2022 to
51.4 in January 2023.3 The Chinese manufacturing industry
is also recovering steadily. Data released by the Service
Survey Center of the National Bureau of Statistics and the
China Federation of Logistics and Purchasing on January 31,
2023, the Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI) for the Chinese
manufacturing industry came in at 50.1%, an increase of 3.1
percentage points month-on-month.4
Core information and communication technology (ICT), new
energy, and intelligent manufacturing are the most favored
industries among the entrepreneurs surveyed. Over 60% of
them give priority to core ICT businesses such as AI and
big data, while more than half are optimistic about the new
energy and intelligent manufacturing sectors, meaning that
the digital economy and green and low-carbon development
博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊 75
have a strong appeal to investors in Asia. As regards the
digital economy, the “Global Digital Economy White Paper
(2022)” released by the China Academy of Information and
Communications Technology in July 2022 showed that China,
Japan, the Republic of Korea and India now rank among the
top 10 largest digital economies in the world. Asian countries
are currently acting proactively in providing financial support
for green and low-carbon development. As of the third quarter
of 2022, China, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Singapore, Hong
Kong SAR and India, all from Asia, are among the world’s
top 20 issuers of green bond issuance, calculated based on the
statistical criteria of the Climate Bonds Initiative (CBI).
The improving business environment and industrial
clusters of a higher standard will help attract enterprises
to build supply chains. Geopolitical conflicts and the
economic, trade and technology decoupling are the
primary causes of concern for entrepreneurs
When asked about their supply chain distribution, the
surveyed companies rate the business environment (70.37%),
industry cluster standards (44.44%), the geopolitical situation
(40.74%) and proximity to major markets (40.74%) as the
primary considerations. Respondents assign similar levels of
importance to the geopolitical situation and the appeal of major
markets, a sign that they are concerned about geopolitical
tensions disrupting the stability of Asia’s industrial and supply
chains. Companies need to draw up contingency plans to
ensure consistent operation.
In 2022, the Russia-Ukraine conflict led to a global energy
crisis that threatened food security. The US enacted the “2022
CHIPS and Science Act” to bring the chip manufacturing
industry “back” to the US. These complex geopolitical
economic factors have had a significant impact on related
Figure 9-10: How much do you think RCEP will boost trade and investment among signatory countries in the next five years?5
More than 20%：4％
15%-20％：7.49％
0-5%：
19.48％ 5%-10％：
47.82％
10%-15％：21.22％
76 博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊
5. The chart on the left shows the results of a survey of politicians, businessmen and scholars conducted by Caijing Magazine and its partners. The right one
shows the results of a survey conducted by Boao Forum for Asia its member entrepreneurs.
industrial and supply chains. The survey shows that
geopolitical conflicts have disrupted global supply chains, and
the risk of decoupling between China and the US in economy,
trade and technology is on the rise, hence more than 70% of
the respondents expressed concerns about these matters. The
companies surveyed named sustained inflation (51.85%),
policy changes (24.07%) and global infectious diseases
(22.22%) as important considerations affecting their business
decision-making.
RCEP continues to inject vitality into the regional economy
and is expected to boost confidence in economic and trade
recovery
RCEP officially came into effect on January 1, 2022.
Following the Philippines' formal ratification of the Regional
Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (RCEP)
Endorsement on February 21, 2023, all 15 RCEP member
countries have ratified the agreement. The RCEP agreement
covers nearly half of the world’s population and nearly one-
third of the total global trade volume, making it the most
populous, diverse and dynamic free trade area in the world.
Its implementation has significant implications in terms of
promoting the establishment of closer regional industrial and
supply chains, and enhancing regional trade and investment
liberalization and facilitation on a comprehensive scale. Some
47.8% of the respondents believe that in the next five years,
RCEP will bring 5% to 10% growth in trade between the
15 signatory countries, 21.2% of them estimate that RCEP
could bring 10% to 15% trade growth, and 11.5% project
trade growth to exceed 15% (Figure 9). Judging by feedback
received from member entrepreneurs of the Boao Forum for
Asia, 40.7% believe that RCEP will contribute 10% to 15%
trade and investment growth for the signatory countries over
7.4％
9.3％
9.3％
0-5% 5-10%
33.3％
10-15% 15-20%
20% and above
40.7％
Figure 11: What are the three Asian economies most frequently used by your company for foreign trade and investment pricing and settlement purposes?

70

60 57.41%

50 46.3%

40

30

20 18.52%

10 9.26%
7.41%
5.56% 3.7% 3.7%
1.85% 1.85% 1.85% 0% 0% 0%
0
D

W
Y

rE S

D
/o s U

JP

TH
N

E
AU

ID

N
G

K
K

R
o

P
C

S
M
H

V
S

K
ur
nd se
ra u
lla inly
do a M

the next five years, 33% predict that it will bring 5% to 10%
trade growth, and 18.6% expect it to exceed 15%. Some 7.4%
of the entrepreneurs have relatively low expectations for RCEP,
projecting that it will drive growth by less than 5% (Figure 10).
Overall, Asian entrepreneurs are moderately optimistic about
the rollout of RCEP. Statistics from the General Administration
of Customs show that in 2022, China’s imports and exports to
14 other RCEP members rose by 7.5% to 12.95 trillion yuan,
accounting for 30.8% of national total imports and exports.6 In
particular, double-digit growth was recorded for bilateral trade
between China and eight other RCEP member states, attesting
to RCEP’s contribution to regional trade.
Asian local currency cooperation continues to advance
After the international financial crisis, Asian economies have
intensified monetary cooperation, resulting in an increase
in the number of local currency swap deals between central
banks. The central banks of Asian nations such as China,
Japan and India have signed swap agreements with central
banks of other economies in the region. The currency swaps
have played a positive role in promoting the use of local
currencies for pricing and settlement of trade and investment
transactions among Asian economies. Nearly 60% of the
companies surveyed use the Chinese yuan as the pricing and
settlement currency in foreign trade and investment activities.
The yuan, Hong Kong dollar and Japanese yen are the three
also head the list. Of the top 20 global payment currencies in
January 2023 announced by Society for Worldwide Interbank
Financial Telecommunications (SWIFT) on February 16,
2023, Asian currencies including the Chinese yuan (3.20%),
Japanese yen (2.79%), Hong Kong dollar (1.13%), Singapore
dollar (0.93%), Thai baht (0.75%), Malaysian ringgit (0.36%)
and New Zealand dollar (0.25%) ranked fourth, fifth, eighth,
ninth, 10th, 16th and 18th, respectively.
More than half of the companies surveyed responded
positively to the net-zero emissions campaign, stating
that the key to successful green transformation is green
technology, access to carbon markets, access to green
industry subsidies, and information disclosure and
regulatory mechanisms
Asia generates approximately half of the world’s total carbon
emissions and is also suffering the effects of climate change.
Over the past two decades, about 40% of the world’s natural
Figure 12: Has your organization set net carbon emission targets and
timeline
38.90％
14.80％
Have set net zero
emissions goals and
timelines
Are in the process of
9.30％
setting up net zero
emissions goals and
timeline

Asian currencies most frequently used by the surveyed Have set up other
environmental goals
companies for pricing and settlement purposes in foreign Have set up other

trade and investment transactions (Figure 11). The Singapore

climate-related goals
22.20％
Do not know or have
dollar, Australian dollar, Indonesian rupiah and UAE dirham 14.80％
any relevant plans

博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊 77
6. http://www.gov.cn/shuju/2023-02/02/content_5739623.htm
 Figure 13: The three most important external factors to promote the important factor and the primary consideration in driving
green enterprises transformation
green transformation. The ability to benefit from carbon
allowance or carbon credit markets, gaining access to green
Accessing to
green technology 66.67% industry subsidies and information disclosure and regulatory
mechanisms tie for second place (53.7%), all considered by
more than half of the companies to be worth close attention
Profiting from the
carbon quota or 53.7%
carbon credit market
(Figure 13). This means creating a favorable environment for
Accessing green
53.7%
green technology development, facilitating the establishment
industry subsidies
of carbon quotas and a carbon credit market, providing phased
Information disclosure green industry subsidies and establishing sound information
and supervision 53.7%
mechanism disclosure and regulatory mechanisms related to transition
Accessing to green
(especially in the area of transition financing) can provide
important incentives for companies.
42.59%
finance

0 20 40 60
disasters, including storms, floods and landslides, occurred in
Asia, and the region has seen the fastest temperature rise in
the world — the average temperature in Asia today is 0.86 °C
above the 1981 to 2010 average, well above the global average
increase of 0.42 °C. It thus becomes clear that it is imperative
for Asian countries to achieve net-zero emissions through
the green low-carbon transition. We found in the survey that
Asian companies have already put net-zero emissions on the
agenda. About 53.7% of them have set, or are currently setting,
net zero emission targets and timetables, and 31.5% have set
targets related to environmental protection or climate solutions.
Companies that have not taken any actions (Figure 12) account
for merely 15%.
According to the results of the survey, 67% of the surveyed
companies think that acquisition of green technology is an
80
Ⅲ. The pandemic prevention and control policy has been
optimized and adjusted, and the economic order has
gradually returned to normalcy, with a stable rebound in
China's economy expected in 2023
About half of the respondents are moderately optimistic
about China’s economic growth prospects in 2023
The optimization and relaxation of Covid-19 prevention
and control measures has greatly bolstered the respondents’
macroeconomic expectations for 2023. Some 14.0% of the
respondents are optimistic about China’s economic growth this
year, more than half (53.6%) are moderately optimistic, and
about 22.1% maintain a neutral attitude, with those moderately
pessimistic or pessimistic on the accounting for merely 10.4%.
In general, respondents’ outlook for China’s economy is
on the optimistic side (Figure 14). Looking at the feedback
from the forum’s member entrepreneurs alone, 46.3% of the
entrepreneurs are optimistic about China’s economic growth,

Figure 14-15: China’s projected economic growth in 20237

Moderately Pessimistic：0.87％ Pessimistic：3.70％

pessimistic：
Neutral：9.30％
9.49％

Optimistic：
13.98％

Optimistic：
46.30％

Moderately
Moderately optimistic：
Neutral：22.10％ optimistic： 40.70％
53.56％

78 博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊
7. The chart on the left shows the results of a survey of politicians, businessmen and scholars conducted by Caijing Magazine and its partners. The right one
shows the results of a survey conducted by Boao Forum for Asia its member entrepreneurs.
Figure 16: Views on the direction of Sino-US relations in 2023 Figure 17: Opinions on the trend of Sino-U.S. bilateral trade in 2023

70
Optimistic：1.62％
60 59.26%
Pessimistic：7.24％
50
Moderately
optimistic： 40
12.36％
30

20.37%
20

10 9.26%
5.56% 5.56%
Moderately
pessimistic： 0
Neutral：37.95％ 40.82％ Optimistic Relatively Neutral Relatively Pessimistic
Optimistic Pessimistic

Figure 18: Views on China’s household consumption growth in 2023 Figure 19: Views on investment growth in China in 2023

Pessimistic：1.37％ Moderately
Optimistic： Pessimistic：1.87％
pessimistic：
12.98％ 10.49％

Moderately Optimistic：
pessimistic： 13.61％
13.36％
Moderately Moderately
optimistic： optimistic：
43.20％ 46.07％

Neutral：29.09％
Neutral：27.97％

and 40.7% remain moderately optimistic (Figure 15).
Most of the respondents have serious concerns about
China-US relations
China-US relations directly affect the external environment
for China’s development. After the US imposed tariffs in
2018, the Biden administration enacted the “CHIPS Act”
and the “Inflation Act” to enable “decoupling” from China
in many high-tech businesses such as integrated circuits and
information, in an attempt to contain the Chinese high-tech
industry on a comprehensive scale. However, in 2022, the
total imports and exports between China and the US reached
5.05 trillion yuan, up 3.7% from 2021.8 On the other hand,
growth in China’s exports to the US decelerated by 10.6%
in the first two months of 2023. The 2022 China-US summit
in Bali set the tone for managing and stabilizing the bilateral
relations. However, numerous obstacles must be removed
before the important consensus reached by the two presidents
can be implemented. Among the respondents, only 14.0% held
an “optimistic” or “moderately optimistic” attitude towards
China-US relations in 2023, 38.0% are “neutral”, and 48.1%
held a “moderately pessimistic” or “pessimistic” attitude
towards bilateral relations, indicating that the respondents are
generally pessimistic on this matter (Figure 16). Looking at
the feedback from the forum’s member entrepreneurs alone,
59.26% of the entrepreneurs hold a neutral attitude about the
future of China-US economic and trade relations, 25.93% of
them are optimistic or moderately optimistic, and 14.82% are
pessimistic or moderately pessimistic (Figure 17).
While facing income growth constraints, economic
recovery is expected to expand employment and fuel
consumption growth
Expansion of consumption, especially expansion of household
consumption, is a top priority in promoting stable economic
growth. It is also an important aspect of enhancing the
people’s sense of gain from economic development. Although
the expansion of consumption faces many obstacles, the

博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊 79
8. http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2023-01/13/content_5736993.htm
Figure 20: Confidence outlook for China’s private economy in 2023
Improve significantly: Decrease significantly: 3.12％
8.99％
Decrease
moderately:
11.74％
Remain Improve
unchanged: moderately:
23.60％ 52.56％
respondents are generally optimistic about the growth of
household consumption in 2023. A total of 56.2% of the
respondents are optimistic or moderately optimistic about the
growth of consumption in 2023. Nearly 30% are neutral, and only
14.8% are pessimistic or moderately pessimistic (Figure 18).
However, China’s current household consumption as a
proportion of its GDP is low. In 2021, China’s household
consumption accounted for 38.5% of its GDP, an increase of
0.7 percentage points compared to 2020, but still lower than
the general proportion globally (in 2016, the proportion was
64.9%, 51.4%, and 59.8% for lower-middle-income countries,
upper-middle-income countries, and high-income countries,
respectively). Overall, the level of wealth in hand and the
expectation of future income are the most important factors
affecting consumption growth.
The respondents are generally optimistic about the
investment growth, and greater confidence in the private
economy will be the most important support for expanding
effective investment
Investment is a fast variable of the macroeconomy and a
volatile, key factor affecting short-term economic growth.
Nearly 60% are optimistic or moderately optimistic about
growth of investment in China, while 28% are neutral, and
only 12.4% are moderately pessimistic or pessimistic.
Against the backdrop of a gloomy outlook for real estate
investment and limited potential in infrastructure investment,
the growth trend of investment in China in 2023 will depend
more on broader confidence in the development of the private
economy. 61.6% of the respondents believe that the confidence
in the private economy will be “significantly improved” or
80 博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊
Figure 21: Confidence in the development of China’s manufacturing
industry in 2023
Moderately pessimistic： Pessimistic：1.5％
7.49％
Optimistic：
10.86％
Moderately
Neutral：27.22％ optimistic：
52.93％
“moderately improved,” and 23.6% believe that it will be
roughly the same as in 2022. Only 14.9% believe that it will
“moderately deteriorate” or “significantly deteriorate.” Greater
confidence in the private economy will not only expand private
investment and support the faster growth of China’s high-
efficiency investment, but also boost confidence in social and
economic development (Figure 20).
The respondents are optimistic about the overall
development of China’s manufacturing industry
While the global manufacturing industry will continue to be
affected by the aftermath of the pandemic, the respondents
remain moderately optimistic about the overall development
of China’s manufacturing industry. 10.9% and 52.9% of
them are “optimistic” or “moderately optimistic” about the
development of China’s manufacturing industry in 2023,
representing a combined proportion of 63.8%. Another 27.2%
are “neutral” and only 9.0% are “moderately pessimistic” or
“pessimistic”.
As the development of China’s manufacturing industry is
facing the dual challenges of suppression by developed
countries and low-cost competition from developing countries,
the respondents’ confidence in China’s manufacturing industry
comes from many aspects. Firstly, China has established a
systematic, comprehensive, and solid industrial foundation, and
possesses the basic conditions to develop emerging industries
in tandem with developed countries. For example, the country’s
energy conservation and environmental protection industry,
new-energy vehicle industry, and new energy industry have
gained strong global competitive advantages in a relatively
short period of time. Secondly, China has the advantage of a
Figure 22: The main opportunities for the sustainable development of China’s manufacturing industry
Production and large-scale application of
renewable energy
New-energy vehicle development
Reengineering of green supply chain and low-
carbon and zero-carbon industrial processes
Continued development of
energy storage technology
Continuous maturity of technology which allows for the
relatively clean and low-carbon utilization of fossil energy
Energy efficiency improvements
Accelerated development of the waste treatment and
recycling industry
Financial support from green finance
Continuous decrease of carbon capture,
utilization, and storage costs
Green chemical technology development
Others 1.75%
0%
super-large economy. A vast production scale is conducive
to amortizing huge research and development costs, and for
industries with uncertain technological development directions,
in particular, this means that experiments and breakthroughs
can be conducted and achieved in multiple technological
directions at the same time. For example, in terms of the
development of new-energy vehicles, China not only possesses
electric vehicle technology, but also has follow-up and R&D
innovation in hydrogen energy and other technical routes in
various fields and by various companies. This advantage is also
conducive to China’s development opportunities in industries
with rapid technological changes, such as biotechnology,
new materials, digital economy, and information technology.
Thirdly, China is in a new round of rapid scientific and
technological revolution. The vigorous development of digital
and intelligent transformation technology in recent years
has allowed China’s large-scale light industries such as the
textile and apparel industry and heavy industries such as steel
and chemical industries to greatly improve their production
efficiency and rejuvenate themselves. There is also significant
headroom for the advanced transformation of the country’s
traditional industries. China’s textile and apparel, home
appliances, machinery, steel, and other industries can maintain
strong global competitiveness for a relatively long period
of time, and the entire industry life cycle is expected to be
significantly longer than that of other countries.
52.93%
38.83%
33.46%
32.96%
27.84%
27.59%
22.60%
11.11%
9.74%
7.49%
10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
Green and low-carbon transition presents the most
important opportunity for the sustainable development of
China’s manufacturing industry
The respondents’ views on the main opportunities for the
sustainable development of China’s manufacturing industry
support the judgment of the overall attitude towards the
manufacturing industry to a certain extent. 52.9% of the
respondents believe that the production and large-scale
application of renewable energy, especially new energy
such as wind power and photovoltaics, represent the biggest
opportunities for China’s manufacturing industry in 2023.
38.8% and 33.5% of the respondents respectively believe that
the development of new-energy vehicles, green supply chains,
low-carbon and zero-carbon industrial process reengineering,
and energy storage technology are the industries with the
brightest growth prospects. This reflects the important
recognition among the respondents of the new development
opportunities of the new energy industry. To support the
development of the new energy industry, the respondents are
more optimistic about the development of energy storage
technology, the clean and low-carbon utilization technology
of fossil energy and the potential of energy efficiency
improvement. The accelerated development of waste treatment
and recycling industries is also considered to be an important
opportunity for the development of China’s manufacturing
industry (Figure 22). ■
博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊 81
 15+
国家领导人和国际
31+ 组织负责人
Heads of States
40+
部长级官员 and International 国家和地区
Ministerial-Level Organizations States and Territories
Officials

2000+ 22＋
参会代表 驻华使节和驻华国
Delegates 际组织代表
Diplomatic Envoys
and Representatives
代表
24+ Participants
of International
Organizations in
China
理事咨委
Board of Directors &
Council of Advisors
1000＋
90＋ 记者
Journalists
会员企业
Members

16 135＋
合作伙伴企业
Partners
21 媒体机构
Media
媒体支持机构
Supporting Media

82 博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊
 数字看年会
Numbers about BFA AC2023

开幕
论坛理事会
大会 40+
Opening Plenary 分会
BFA Board of Directors Sessions
Meeting

论坛咨委会 欢迎晚宴
Meeting of BFA Advisory Welcome Dinner
Council Members

活动
会员大会 Events 午餐会
General Meeting of Luncheon Meeting
Members

2 双边会晤
旗舰报告 Bilateral Meetings
BFA Flagship
Reports

n 3
专访 新闻发布会
Exclusive Interviews Press Conferences

截止2023年3月14日数据统计，最终信息请以现场为准。

博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会特刊 83
 博鳌亚洲论坛2023年年会
BOAO FORUM FOR ASIA
ANNUAL CONFERENCE 2023

Acknowledgements 鸣谢

Honorary Strategic Partners 荣誉战略合作伙伴

Strategic Partners 战略合作伙伴

Diamond Partners 钻石合作伙伴

Gold Partners 金牌合作伙伴

出品

Silver Partners 银牌合作伙伴

SME Partners SME发展伙伴 Designated Costume Provider 指定服饰

Supporting Media 媒体支持机构

ChineseC ultural Figures

以艺术之光铸时代之魂 以生
命镜像为濠江增 彩

Special Acknowledgements 特别鸣谢

The People's Government of Hainan Province
海南省人民政府
 博鳌亚洲论坛钻石/白金会员
Boao Forum for Asia Diamond & Platinum Members
2 23 博鳌亚洲论坛年会会刊
2023 Boao Forum for Asia Annual Conference Jounral