CHANGES
A. GRAMMAR
1. Future Sentences
➢ Future Continuous
a. S+will/won’t+be+V-ing
b. We use future continuous
when :
● The verb is not a state
verb : verbs that doesn’t
describe an action (be,
have, like, love, hate, want,
need, own, belong, see,
hear, smell, seem, know,
believe, remember)
● Action in progress
● Planned events
● Polite enquiries
➢ Future Perfect
a. S+will/won’t+have+V3
b. We use future perfect
when :
● The verb is a state verb
● Completed action
● Duration
➢ Future Perfect Continuous
a. S+will/won’t+have/been+
V-ing
b. We use future perfect
continuous when :
● The verb is not a state
verb
● Duration
● Continuous action
2. Quantity
➢ Some : plural, offer,
request, positive,
uncountable
➢ Any : negative, questions,
positive but have negative
meaning, plural,
uncountable, “it doesnt
matter which”
➢ No : not any, empathic,
positive verb + no, plural,
uncountable
➢ A lot of : mostly used in
positive sentences, used in
spoken english (less
formal)
➢ Much : uncountable,
formal, mostly used in
negative or question, talk
abt large quantity
➢ Many : countable, formal,
mostly used in negative or
question, talk abt large
number
➢ A few : positive meaning,
plural, countable
➢ Few : negative meaning,
plural, countable
➢ A little : positive meaning,
singular, uncountable
➢ Little : negative meaning,
singular, uncountable
➢ All : countable, plural, used
for something general
➢ The whole : countable,
singular
➢ Half : uncountable, plural
➢ a/one half of :
uncountable, plural, must
be followed by of
➢ Both : talk about 2 things,
plural, means “the one and
the other”
➢ Either : talk about 2 things,
singular, countable, means
“one or the other”, must be
followed by negative verb
➢ Neither : talk about 2
things, singular, countable,
means “not one or the
other”, followed by
positive verb
B. VOCABULARY
1. Global Issues
➢ Armed conflicts : konflik
bersenjata
➢ Climate change :
perubahan iklim
➢ Epidemics : wabah yang
terjadi di area tertentu
➢ Famine : kelaparan
➢ Global capitalism :
kapitalis (kekuasaan untuk
org yg punya uang)
➢ Life expectancy : harapan
lamanya hidup
➢ Population growth :
pertumbuhan penduduk
➢ Poverty : kemiskinan
➢ Refugees : pengungsi
➢ Terrorism : terorisme
2. Binomial Pairs
➢ Rant and rave : komplen,
marah-marah ttg
sesuatu/seseorang
➢ Sick and tired : ud cape
➢ Thick and thin : ttp bareng
di waktu suka dan duka
➢ Short and sweet : singkat,
padat, jelas
➢ Dos and don’ts : yang
harus dan tdk boleh
dilakukan
➢ Live and learn : belajar ➢ Cut and dried : sesuai
dari pengalaman rencana yg ditetapin
➢ Here and there : ➢ Part and parcel : bagian
disana-sini dasar/penting dari
➢ Dead and buried : mati sesuatu
dan dikubur, ga idup lagi ➢ Wear and tear : kerusakan
➢ High and dry : kering, yang tidak bisa dihindari
terbengkalai, ga berdaya ➢ Ins and outs : detailnya
➢ Pick and choose :
milih-milih
➢ Touch and go : ga pasti
➢ Rough and ready : ga siap
bgt tpi udah oke buat
dilaksanain/dipake
➢ Odds and ends : barang
sisaan
➢ Through and through :
bener bener, terus
menerus
➢ Ups and downs : kadang
sial, kadang beruntung
➢ Pros and cons : kelebihan
dan kekurangan
➢ Safe and sound : aman
➢ Born and bred : lahir dan
dibesarkan
➢ More or less : kira kira
➢ Sooner or later : cepat
atau lambat
➢ By and large : secara
general