Week 1

Plumbing Materials

1. Pipe
-Line steel pipes are used to transport liquids and gasses that are combustible.
Standard steel pipes are used for transporting water, natural gas or steam. Structural
steel pipes are often used for drainage piping. Plumbing tubes made of steel are used
to move potable water or waterborne water removal.

Different types of pipes:

● PVC Pipe-Refers to Poly Vinyl Chloride plastic material. This is the most
common pipe for plumbing systems.

● PE Pipe-Refers to Polyethylene plastic material intended for long span

water system installation.

● CI Pipe-Is a heavy metal made of Casting Iron on molds to make fixtures,

such as sink, tubes, and lavatories, covered with a porcelain enamel
coating.

● GI Pipe-Is a Galvanized Iron pipe which is better fitted for plumbing

installation than steel pipes. It is constructed of rough iron dipped in
molten zinc and may be identified by its dull and grayish color.

2. Fittings
-Are any pipe parts used to join two sections of pipes.

3. Plumbing Fixtures
-A plumbing fixture is an exchangeable device which can be connected to an existing
plumbing system to deliver and drain away water, but which is also configured to
enable a particular use.

4. Outlets and Drains

-Each of these plumbing fixtures has one or more water outlets and a drain. In some
cases, the drain has a device that can be manipulated to block the drain to fill the basin
of the fixture. Each fixture also has a flood rim or level at which water will begin to
overflow.

5. Traps and Vents

-All plumbing fixtures have traps in their drains, these are either internal or external
to the fixtures. Traps are pipes, which curve down then back up. They ‘trap’ a small
amount of water to create a water seal between the ambient air space and the inside of
the drain system. This prevents sewer gas from entering buildings. Most water
closets, bidets, and many urinals have the integral with the fixture itself.

Plumbing Tools

1. Measuring Tools
-Is the activity of obtaining and comparing physical quantities of real-world objects
and events.

● Ex. L-square/Steel Square, Try Square, Push-Pull Rule

2. Cutting Tools
-Is any tool that is used to remove material from the workpiece by means of sheer
deformation.

● Ex. Hacksaw, Crosscut Saw, Pipe Reamer, Pipe Cutter, Pipe Threader

3. Boring Tools
-Is the process of enlarging a hole that has already been drilled (or cast), by means of
a single point cutting tool.

● Ex. Hammer Drill, Electrical Drill, Auger Brace with Bits

4. Testing Tools
-Used in finding out how well the finished work.

● Ex. Spirit Lever, Plumb Bob, Horse Level

5. Driving Tools
-It helps hand tools and power tools work together, especially important for the
variety of drilling tasks that get done in woodworking.

● Ex. Sledge Hammer, Claw Hammer, Crow Bar

6. Holding Tools
-Task for holding firmly materials that have to be cut.

● Ex. Adjustable Wrench, Clamp, Bench Vise