Notre Dame of Trece Martirez

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1

FISH FOR A CAUSE: LIVED EXPERIENCE, CHALLENGES AND

OPPORTUNITIES AMONG FISH VENDORS IN DISTRICT OF TRECE
MARTIRES CITY

A Qualitative Phenomenological Research Presented to the

Faculty of Notre Dame of Trece Martires

Trece Martires City, Cavite

In Partial Fulfillment

of the Requirements for the Subject

Practical Research 1

Ms. Mary Rose B. Abad

Research Adviser

Amasan, Regina H.
Cerillano, Zcier Mei Q.
Quinto, Jay-Rose A.
Vargas, Anjelica P.
Zuela, Elaiza B.
Desacado, Jayfer M.I.
Limson, Philjan
Supas, Christopher H.

May 2023

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ABSTRACT

Title of the Research: FISH FOR A CAUSE: LIVED EXPERIENCE,

Authors:
Grade Level and Strand:
Date of Completion:
CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES AMONG
FISH VENDORS IN DISTRICT OF TRECE
MARTIRES CITY
REGINA H. AMASAN,
ZCIER MEI Q. CERILLANO,
JAY ROSE A. QUINTO,
ANJELICA P. VARGAS,
ELAIZA B. ZUELA,
JAYFER M.I DESACADO,
PHILJAN LIMSON,
CHRISTOPHER H. SUPAS
Grade 11- Science, Technology, Engineering, and
Mathematics Strand
May 2023

Numerous types of research have been made on career choices; however, researches

regarding those of retiring farmers’ children are scarce. Concerns about Philippine

agriculture and Filipino farmers, as well as the influx of school-age children joining the

workforce, warrant research.

This phenomenological study explored the lived experiences, challenges and

opportunities of fish vendors. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was used

to examine the career decision-making experiences of twelve retiring farmers’ children

in Cavite. These children were recruited through purposive and snowball sampling and

participated in semi-structured interviews. As per analysis, three superordinate themes

or phases of career decision-making were extracted, namely: upbringing and relations,

evaluation of characteristics and reflection, and decision and pursuit. Career decision-

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making, in a nutshell, is an interactive, reflective, and continuous process.

The experience begins with the treatment and instruction children receive from their

parents and peers; thus, supportive social systems are of vital importance. Eventually,

children actively assess their personal characteristics, values, beliefs, and resources to

identify the most appropriate and desirable career choices. Most retiring farmers’

children prefer specialized professions, law enforcement, and entrepreneurship (farm

ownership or other business enterprise) as careers. Moreover, they think farming both as

thriving and declining occupation in many aspects. Children of farm owners have more

favorable views on farming than those of tenants. Hence, there are remarkable

differences on farming views between children of farm owners and children of farm

tenants. Afterwards, children make career choices and decisions through study and

work-related plans and engagements. It was also found that there are outstanding

differences on career choices and decision making experiences between younger and

older children. These career plans and engagements serve as bridges towards their

ultimate life goals and aspirations.

This study implies the need for Philippine government initiatives to address farming

concerns, alleviate the situation of farmers, and promote agriculture. On another hand,

career intervention programs of schools may prove valuable on facilitating informed

career decision making of children. Lastly, future studies may use various research tools

and involve children of farmers who plant other crops and children’s significant peers to

provide rich and better understanding of career decision making process.

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APPROVAL SHEET

This research paper entitled “LEARNING WHILE PLAYING: LIVED

EXPERIENCE, CHALLENGES, AND OPPORTUNITIES AMONG GRADE 11

NDTM ONLINE GAMERS AT S.Y. 2022-2023”, prepared and submitted by FIRST

NAME MIDDLE INITIAL SURNAME, FIRST NAME MIDDLE INITIAL

SURNAME, FIRST NAME MIDDLE INITIAL SURNAME, FIRST NAME

MIDDLE INITIAL SURNAME, FIRST NAME MIDDLE INITIAL SURNAME,

FIRST NAME MIDDLE INITIAL SURNAME, FIRST NAME MIDDLE

INITIAL SURNAME, FIRST NAME MIDDLE INITIAL SURNAME, and FIRST

NAME MIDDLE INITIAL SURNAME, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for

the subject Practical Research 1, has been examined and recommended by acceptance

and approval for Oral Defense.

MS. MARY ROSE B. ABAD

Research Adviser

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RESEARCH REVIEW PANEL

Approved by the committee on Oral Examination with the grade of ______.

NAME OF PANELIST NAME OF PANELIST

Member Member

NAME OF CHAIRMAN
Chairman

Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the subject

Practical Research 1.

NAME OF SCHOOL PRESIDENT

School President

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researchers would like to acknowledge the following for their assistance

and support to finish this research study.

First and foremost, the researchers want to thank the almighty GOD, for the

wisdom, knowledge, strength, and ability that He bestowed, for them to be able to

continue and finish this study despite the struggles they encountered along the process.

Moreover, the researchers would like to heartily extend their deepest

appreciation and gratitude to ____________, their research adviser, who provided

incredible assistance, academic guidance, expertise, and time since the beginning of this

research. This paper would not be possibly accomplished without their research adviser.

To the members of the panel, ____________________, who also gave the

approval for the conduct of this study.

To the respondents, from the Grade 11 Science, Technology, Engineering, and

Mathematics (STEM) Strand at Notre Dame of Trece Martirez, who cooperated and

willingly gave the data needed in this research.

Lastly, to the researcher’s family and many friends, who gave words of

encouragement, support, and believed in their abilities just to make this research study

successful.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE

Title Page 1

Abstract 2

Approval Sheet 3

Acknowledgment 4

Table of Contents 5

List of Tables 6

List of Figures 7

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study 1

Conceptual Framework 3

Statement of the Problem 5

Scope and Delimitation 6

Significance of the Study 8

Definition of Terms 8

CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Review of Related Literature and Studies 9

Synthesis 22

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CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY
Research Design 29

Inclusion Criteria 30

Sampling Procedure 30

Respondents 32

Research Tool 35

Data Gathering Procedure 37

Analysis of Data 39

CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Summary of Themes 41

Analysis, Narrative, and Reflection 44

Discussion 46

Strength and Limitation of the Study

CHAPTER 5: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary 50

Conclusions 52

Recommendations 53

References 55

Appendices

Table Summary of Themes 60

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Analysis of Coded Transcript 61

Transcripts 63

Unanalyzed Transcripts 64

Sample of Accomplished Informed Consent 65

Sample of Accomplished Parent Consent 65

Research Instruments 66

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LIST OF FIGURE

Figure Title Page

Number

1 Conceptual Framework of the Study 27

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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

This chapter includes the introduction. Conceptual framework, statement of the

objective, scope and delimitation, significance of the study and definition of terms.

Background of the Study

              Selling fish is one of the sources of living for many people here in the
Philippines. The primary producers of fish resource the fishers and fish farmers who
catch or produce fish are ultimately dependent on these retailers or small fish vendors
for selling their produce. The fishers and fish farmers would not get any return from the
fish they produced if the fish vendors did not sell the fish (Fish Vending, n.d).  
 
              Most small fish vendors are compelled to sell their products while sitting near
sewers, roadsides, or open spaces since they don’t have money to buy space on markets.
Even where the market is available and has a storage of money to buy one, there is still
a lack of seating and storing facilities, with inadequate toilet and water facilities. Night
fish markets lack lighting. Fish is sold in an unhygienic and dirty environment. Not only
fish sellers, but fish buyers also suffer from this. The possibilities of contracting
infection put food security and health safety at risk are high. (Fish Vending, n.d).  
 
             The Philippines is one of the top fish producing countries in the world. The total
volume of fisheries production in the Philippines in 2015 reached 4.65 million MT with
the total value of US$ 7.26 billion. The country’s municipal fisheries contributed 1.01
million MT or 21.7% of the total fish production in 2015 (Lamarca, 2017). In terms of
production, the Philippines is among the top fisheries and aquaculture producers
globally ranking 10th in capture fishery production and 11th in aquaculture production
in 2019(SEAFDEC, 2022).  
 
            We frequently see that women are the one who's responsible for selling fish on
markets and even in our talipapa( temporary fish market) but the hardship they face are
invisible in our society in fact according to (Jaheer Mukthar KP et al.,2021) The women
pay vital place within the fisheries societies, that they are often invisible unsupported or
not recognized. In the economic activities of fisheries, women are mostly engaged in
post-harvest of fishes among the marine fisher communities in India. Because the
women constitute nearly 75 percentage of fish marketing and selling activities. 
 
 

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         This study will be focusing on the life of our fish vendors here in district of Trece
Martires City, Cavite Philippines. On this study the researchers will aim to know the life
experience of every fish vendors (how they manage to support they families, how much
income they make on selling fishes in market and how hard it is to be a fish vendors),
challenges they faces ( has a low income, being disregard by the higher-ups, and being
look down by other people), and the opportunities of our fish vendors have here in
Trece Martires City, Cavite. 

 
Conceptual Framework 
 

 
Figure 1. Conceptual Framework 
              The conceptual framework shows three boxes that hold variables regarding the
research entitled “Fish for a cause: lived experience, challenges and opportunities
among fish vendors in district of Cavite” with the input, process and output of this study
clearly illustrated. The researcher adopted the Input Process Output (IPO) model.
According to the career guide, Input in a conceptual framework describes the variables
that form the basis of the framework. These are the variables that researchers analyze to
develop their theories and conclusions. The independent variables are usually the main
input values of any research project. They significantly influence the conclusion. The

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input consists of the profile of the respondents and the factors connected with the
dependent and independent variables of the educational research. Usually, all the details
specified in the statement of the problems are stipulated here. It also contains the fish
for a cause among fish vendors in district of Trece Martires city Cavite which is our
independent and lived experiences, challenges and opportunities among fish vendor in
the district of Trece Martires City Cavite and that’s out dependent variable. 
 
            According to the hubpages the process involves the questionnaires used,
observations conducted, the data gathering procedures, and the statistical treatment of
data. It also includes the tabulation, analyses, and interpretation of data. It covers all the
things done from the very beginning of gathering of the information or data needed in
the conduct of educational research and it ends with the conclusions and
recommendations. The first thing were going to do is to choose our respondents that can
participate in our study, then gather the information from other references. After that we
will be handing out questionnaires for our respondents to answer and were going to
collect data through interview, questionnaire and observation method. The last step of
our process is to analyze and interpret the data. 
 
          The output refers to the action taken after interpreting the results of the study.
Action plan, intervention program, and proposed program, activities, modules, and
other related things are taken for considerations. Likewise, the end results are also cited
here such as the improved learning outcome or performance of the respondents,
enhanced teaching-learning process, and other related things based from the study
conducted according to hubpages. It is the Transparent data of lived experiences,
challenges and opportunities among fish vendors in district of Trece Martires. 
 
          The aim of this research is to explain the experience of fish vendors in district of
Trece Martires City Cavite. Vendors and fisher men, experience a lot in doings of
business in wet supermarket, challenges, experience and opportunities are part of their
everyday lifestyle. Having a break in their job can positively affect their health and
giving them winded thinking. 
 
Statement of the Problem 
              
         Generally, this study sought to know the lived experiences of fish vendors in the
district of Trece Martires. Specifically, this study sought to answer the following
questions:  
1. What is your lived experience being a fish vendor in the district of Trece Martires? 
2.What kind of challenges do you encounter as a fish vendor? 
3.What opportunities do you think you can get as a fish vendor?  
              
 
Scope and Delimitation 

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             The study was conducted the Lived Experience, Challenges and Opportunities
among Fish Vendors in District of Trece Martires from March 2023 - June 2023. This
paper will focus on explaining and observing the lived experience of our fish vendors in
Trece Martires, we will learn the actual experiences and how they solve all difficulties
and challenges that they encounter as a fish vendor. The story of our fish vendors that
will give us the courage, inspiration and will to fight for our lives and stay stronger in
every challenge that comes to our life. As what says from (Jim Hightower 2021) "The
opposite for courage is not cowardice, it is conformity. Even a dead fish can go with the
flow."  
             This investigation however regards learning how the fish vendors sell their
products, to maintain the balance as a vendor and a family member, and the way they
get or the process before they sell fishes. It will give an idea how hard working the
Filipinos are and how strong, reliable and responsible the Filipinos are. It regards that
some of that Filipinos are fish vendors, and we can learn their actual experiences. 

 
Significance of the Study 
                
            The study "Fish for a cause: lived experience, challenge and opportunities
among fish vendors in district of Trece Martires” will benefits the following: 
 
       Fish Vendors - The fish vendors are the ones who gain from this study since they
have been the major focus in the research. The findings of this study will benefit the
fish vendors in terms of they’ll be notice by our Governor in district of Trece Martires,
give them a good place to sell their fishes and lastly there be less discrimination from
other people among those fish vendor. This research helps them to know more and learn
more about the selling fish industry; this research will also assist them to demonstrate
more in industry. 
 
      Governors – The findings of this study will give an understanding for those in a
high up on what's the common problem fish vendors experience every day. 
The Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR) Fish Organization – The
findings of this study will give them insight into the struggles and challenges of many
fish vendors. The BFAR is an organization to help the fisher man, fish vendor, and
other people that related in fish. This also helps fish vendors to sell more in other places
because they know the BFAR.  
 
       Fisher Man – The findings of this study would help the fisher man know more and
give some knowledge in future because the studies give, they more knowledge and give
their more ideas in what they are doing. 
 
       Wet Market - The finding of this studies helps the main seller in fish, help the
marketplace to know more about the living situation of our fish vendors in Trece

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Martires, and of course in other barangay and other city, this study is also helping the
main seller to have some knowledge in this industry. 
 
       Entrepreneur Student – The findings of this study will benefit those entrepreneur
students who want to have a business selling fish. It gives them intuition about the
common problems that fish vendor might encounter and as soon as possible give a
better solution to it. 
 
      Fish Vendors Families – Their families will also benefit in this study since there are
many opportunities that will open for our fish vendors of course their families will also
be affected by it. 
 
        Other researchers - this study would help the future researcher to have some
knowledge about this topic, this also help as a future reference for more studies, and this
would help them know more and learn more in the future. 
 
Definition of Terms 
         Fish Vendor - fish vendor means any person who collects fish in such quantities
with the intention to sell at a fixed location or otherwise; Sample 1. fish vendor means
any commercial fisherman selling their own catch   
 
  Barangay - A barangay is the country's smallest political entity. In general, one
enumerator is given to each barangay. A big barrio is frequently split into portions for
census reasons, and each component is known as an enumeration area.  
 
         Reference - a document which articulates the scope of work for a taskforce and
how the people identified in the Tor will work together in the pursuit of a shared goal  
 
         Government - the structure, mechanism, or agency through which a political entity
exercises authority and executes duties, and which is often classed according to the
distribution of power within it. 
 
         Industry - An industry is a collection of businesses that are associated by their
core business activity. There are hundreds of industry categories in modern economies.
Industry classifications are often divided into bigger groups known as sectors.    
         Aquaculture - Aquaculture refers to the cultivation of aquatic species such as fish,
mollusks, crustaceans, and aquatic plants. Farming includes some type of intervention
in the raising process to improve output, such as regular stocking, feeding, predator
protection, and so on.  
         Production - The process of creating or producing commodities and products from
raw materials or components is known as production. In other words, manufacturing
takes inputs and transforms them into a consumable output - a thing or product of value
to an end-user or consumer. 

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        Talipapa( temporary fish market) – a small market the sell different kinds of goods
in villages and street. 
            

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                                          CHAPTER 2 
  
                               REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 

        The following are the materials that the researcher found useful and related for the
study. In the end is the synthesis of all the relevant literature presented. 
 

Climate Change 
               According to a study published in the Journal of Environmental Management,
climate change can have significant impacts on the livelihoods of fish vendors,
particularly in developing countries. The study found that changes in sea temperature
and ocean acidification can lead to declines in fish stocks, which can directly affect the
income and food security of fish vendors. Here are some relevant research articles on
the effects of climate change on fish vendors: Climate variability and its impact on
small-scale fishers and fish traders in the Lake Victoria Basin by J. O. Ojwang et al.
(2016). This study explores the impact of climate variability on the livelihoods of small-
scale fishers and fish traders in the Lake Victoria Basin. Results indicate that climate
variability has led to a decline in fish stocks, increased competition for resources, and
reduced profitability for fish vendors. 
 
              According to (Sjannie Lefevre, David J McKenzie, and Göran N, 2017.)
Models projecting the fate of fish populations under climate change need to be based on
valid physiological mechanisms. Climate Change and the Future of Fishery Industries in
the Western Indian Ocean Region by S. H. M. Faisal et al. (2018). This study assesses
the potential impact of climate change on fishery industries in the Western Indian
Ocean region. Results suggest that climate change is likely to lead to changes in fish
distribution and abundance, which could have negative impacts on the livelihoods of
fish vendors.  
 
             Assessing the Impact of Climate Change on the Fishery Sector in Bangladesh,
by M. A. Islam et al. (2019). This study examines the impact of climate change on the
fishery sector in Bangladesh. Results indicate that climate change is leading to changes
in fish distribution, reduced fish catches, and increased competition for resources, which
is affecting the livelihoods of fish vendors.  
 
          Strategies in Coastal Communities of Papua New Guinea" by J. Albert et al.
(2020). This study examines the impact of climate change on small-scale fisheries and
livelihood diversification strategies in coastal communities of Papua New Guinea.
Results show that climate change is leading to reduced fish stocks, which is affecting
the livelihoods of fish vendors and their ability to diversify their income sources. 
 

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          Perceived vulnerability and climate change impacts on small-scale fisheries in

Davao gulf, Philippines (Edison D Macusi, Kezia L Camaso, Anna Barboza, and Erna S
Macusi, 2021.) The small-scale fisheries play a critical role in food security and income
of coastal fishing communities. However, climate variability and its impacts are
affecting fishers, their communities, and fishing grounds.  
 
         Managing freshwater fish in a changing climate: resist, accept, or direct (Frank J
Rahel, 2022.) 
 
        Climate change scenarios in fisheries and aquatic conservation research (Matthew
G Burgess, Sarah L Becker, Ryan E Langendorf, Alexa Fredston, and Cassandra M
Brooks, 2023.) Scenarios are central to fisheries and aquatic conservation research on
climate change. Scenarios project future greenhouse-gas emissions, which climate
models translate into warming projections. Recent climate research and global
development trends have significantly changed our understanding of plausible
emissions pathways to 2100 and climate sensitivities to emissions. 
 
 
 
Challenges on the sector of fisheries     
          In 2017, A variety of administrative, social, and environmental challenges
confront fishermen in the UK. issues that have an impact on their companies' financial
success and long-term viability. The 'inshore sector', which includes smaller vessels, is
particularly affected by these difficulties. over three quarters of the domestic fleet are
vessels longer than ten meters. Although diversification of fishing activity is a
recognized solution to these problems, the chance to utilize alternate fishing sites and
stocks is becoming increasingly limited. controls for management. A different course of
action is to create methods that are not subject to limitations on fishing output and
effort. Among them is diversification. into pursuits that continue to have a connection to
fishing (i.e., diversification of fisheries), and seeking complementary work (i.e., holding
numerous jobs) outside of the fishing sector. In spite of the potential impact of such
tactics on maintaining individual. 
 
            This region continues to receive only a little attention from fishing businesses
and fishing communities. scholarly focus to date. This dissertation aims to provide
novel insights into understanding by looking at how English Channel fisherman handle
difficulties on financial success, as well as investigating the customs, drives, and
limitations of pursuing fisheries diversification and having numerous jobs. The mixed-
method technique used in this study's research design includes three distinct stages: an
assessment of current fisheries diversification efforts; an inventory of stakeholders in
the industry and the fishing community, as well as a qualitative research phase. The
inventory's findings show that fisheries diversification has historically been successful.
existing among Channel fishermen and is now trained in a variety of forms. Numerous

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variables are found to affect the type of diversification used, including such as
geographic region, market demand, and individual qualities fishermen. In addition,
some important limitations that could prevent preventing fisherman from using this
tactic. 
 
           The relative weight of these restrictions was analyzed in a survey of stakeholders
from the fishing and non-fishing industries using the Analytic Hierarchical Method.
According to the findings, respondents attributed comparable levels of the significance
of administrative, economic, social, and opportunity limits; but deemed the lack of
knowledge to be largely unimportant. A conceptual framework is created through the
examination of qualitative data in order to know the key issues that Channel fisherman
face and the solutions they in response, adopt. The conceptual framework illustrates the
difficulties faced by fishermen, the effects on their enterprises and the types of
responses created are determined by the three environmental 'contexts' interacting.
These have to do with personal characteristics.  
 
             Fishermen, the features of their fishing enterprise, and the surrounding
surroundings which they function in. The model shows that the methods used in
reaction to impediments to financial performance are ranked in order of severity:
fisherman face the most Prior to thinking about a plan of attack, fishermen are likely to
change their fishing techniques in response. diversity of fisheries. Contrarily, holding
numerous jobs is not a common practice nor considered by fishermen to be a practical
reaction tactic. Consequently, a suggestion is made. designed to aid fishermen in
increasing the viability of their fishing operations and creating complementary income
streams where possible. 
 
Women fish vendor challenges  
            In their day-to-day life, they encounter so many challenges related to marketing
field such as lack of transport facilities, toilet facilities, portable water facilities,
undefined working hours and working days, sexual harassment, uncertain bargaining,
gender discrimination, fear of loss and so on. Especially in the case of gender
discrimination and sexual harassment they tackle it boldly, which is handled with their
mental courage( Vinotha & Suresh, 2019).Women face harassment and violence, the
burden of performing paid and unpaid work, lack of access to credit, and the role of
cultural norms in limiting women continuity in the business( El-Azzazy, 2019).  
 
            Women’s contributions to fisheries have often been made invisible. Their
leadership in general and in fisheries has also not always been recognized, especially if
it is informal or more “behind-the-scenes” ( Fonto, 2021). The women fish vendors are
almost neglected in the main and maximum number of fishes were catches by the
fishermen. Women fish vendors are always physically and mentally weaker and
affected by the local rowdies and policemen in sometime, they lose their earnings to
such policemen and rowdies in force. The current law is not very effective to the

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fisheries and their family. Fishers are commonly uneducated and poor in society, and
they are put in hard work to make their children educated. Most of the women fish
vendors are treated differently by the society, the workplace of them is not clean and
hygiene( Jegadeswari & Ashok Kumar, 2021). When there is an aggravated depletion of
fish capture in this coastal area, households witness very gendered livelihood
transitions. Able-bodied men mostly seek livelihoods elsewhere. The women left behind
face a situation of poverty and multiple transitions at the household, market and
community levels. While the supply chain of farmed fish provided livelihood
opportunities to these women, the transition was fraught with perils and challenges both
at the market and household levels (Barsoum, 2021).  
 
           Women play a key role in the development of the fisheries sector in addition to
their role of sole household managers in most fisher families. Although the involvement
of women is limited in capture fisheries, their supportive role in active fishing has
increased manifold with the advent of mechanization and enhancement of multi-day
fishing in marine fisheries (Delcy & Immanuel, 2022). 
 
Opportunities in Fisheries 
            Fish is the second most valuable agricultural crop all over the world and its
production contributes to the livelihoods and employment of millions of people. The
culture and consumption of fish therefore has important implications for national
income and food security. The global demand for sustainably sourced seafood is
increasing. Certification schemes and initiatives, such as consumer recommendation
lists, are influencing consumers' preferences. Achieving effective fisheries management
is increasingly important as overfishing threatens fish stocks globally, reduces
biodiversity, alters ecosystem functioning and jeopardizes the food security and
livelihoods of hundreds of millions of people worldwide (Golden et al.,
2016:Szuwalski, Burgess, Costello, & Gaines, 2017 ). 
 
            In year 2017, Ethiopian aquaculture is recognized as an alternative means of
achieving food security in particular and poverty reduction in general and is now
considered as an integral part of rural and agricultural development strategies. Ethiopia
has an estimated live water body of 7,334 km2 of major lakes and reservoirs, and 275
km2 of small water bodies, with 7,185 km of rivers within the country. The country has
only inland freshwater fisheries. The inland fishery comprises Rift Valley lakes (such as
lakes Chamo, Abaya and Ziway), Lake Tana, Lake Hashenge, Baro and Tekeze Rivers.
There is fishing in all these water bodies, but commercializing it is mainly concentrated
around lakes such as Chamo, Ziway (Southern Ethiopia) and Tana (North-Western
Ethiopia). Hence, the existing role of fishery is insignificant in the country’s overall
economy because the fishery sector in the country is far below its potential.
Approximately 15,000 fishermen are currently employed in this sector signifying that
fishing practice in the country is still in its infancy stage with an average production of
about 12,300 tons in 2002. (Kebede A, Meko T, Hussein A, Tamiru Y (2017) 

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           Despite the clear negative consequences that COVID-19 has had on the fishing
sector, the pandemic presents an opportunity to transform the food system to be greener,
more inclusive, and resilient (Global Food Secur, 28 (2021). The use of alternative
seafood networks, that is, seafood distribution models that serve local and regional food
systems and deliver seafood directly to consumers, presents a segment of the food
system that has not been fully taken advantage of before (Ecoevorxiv 2020, Food Sci
Rep, 1 2020). Thus, the lifestyle during pandemic changed, making local purchasing
gain importance in collective thinking. Indeed, mobility restrictions, even in small
towns, favor this. These local markets represent a more resilient and sustainable
solution, reducing transportation, providing a better supply–demand balance, creating
more transparency, and tracking and contributing to waste reduction (Sustain, 12
(2020). Finally, regarding the policies, COVID-19 provides an opportunity to integrate
wider policies that are more coherent and make sense from an ecological perspective,
considering the management of fisheries and protecting populations throughout their
life cycle. The opportunity presented by the COVID-19 slowdown should be used to
encourage inefficiencies within the system to reduce energy use, limit catch, and allow
stocks to recover and profits to increase (Mar Pol, 120 (2020). 
 
             OERs dedicated to aquatic sciences are still in their infancy. The European
Commission’s VOARAA (EC 2017) and the AQUA-TNET’s project Aqua Case 3.0
(Norwegian University of Life Sciences 2016) were OERs dedicated to aquaculture and
fisheries, but both have stalled due to lack of funding despite massive initial
investments. While the VOARAA has been terminated, the AQUA-TNET’s Aqua Case
3.0 website is the most exemplary project of OERs in aquaculture and fisheries and is
still maintained by two volunteers. The AQUA-TNET community hopes to continue
and expand on the success of Aqua Case in the EU Horizon2020 project “EURASTiP”
that will run from 2017 to 2019 (EU 2017).  
          In future initiatives, such as deployed by EURASTiP, aquaculture and fisheries
educators and policymakers will require data to guide decisions around directing funds,
including whether or not to invest in OERs. This paper aimed to explore students’ and
educators’ perceptions and current usage of OERs in the higher education aquaculture
and fisheries sector, in order to gather quantitative and qualitative data on the potential
feasibility, demand for, and use of future OER initiatives in the aquaculture and
fisheries community.          
Fishermen  
The fishermen of Lagonoy Gulf have come a long way since work first started with
WWF-Philippines more than eight years ago. Empty holds and small sales prove that
much work needs to be done, and fishermen like Edgardo and Joel sit deep into the
night with their hand lines, waiting for better days. As their fishing association thrives
and as new developments and innovations come in, however, hope continues to build
(Angelica Pago 2019)  
 

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 Notre Dame of Trece Martirez
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1

You may have noticed people using the word ‘fishers’ to mean ‘fishermen’. The term
‘fishers’ is an archaic English word that fell out of use. This history is explained by
Branch and Kleiber (2017) but unfortunately, they do not recommend which word to
use. The increased use of the word fishers in scientific literature is an attempt to be
gender-neutral but fails on several grounds (Mark Costello 2020).  
 
      Filipino commercial fishing companies have even asked lawmakers to enact a new
law that will reverse the prevailing law which protect local fishermen and allow “small
and medium” commercial fishing vessels to exploit marine resources within 15
kilometers from the shoreline (Li Lagniton 2021). 
 
Live experience of fish vendors 
        The fishery sector is a major contribution in our country but at the same time the
fishery commodity is always laying under the poverty line because of their hereditary
occupation. Most of them are uneducated but with their hard work and involvement
they catch high value species but sold it for very low price without the knowledge of
grading system here middlemen are acting as king makers (Dr. A. Asok and R. Saranya
(2016). 
 
                                                      Synthesis  
                Making informed by the climate change can have significant impacts on the
livelihoods of fish vendors, particularly in developing countries. Knowing its factor and
how it can affect us really helps our fish vendors so that they have an idea of what they
should do. Women fish vendor challenges is associated with our studies “ Fish for a
cause: Lived experience, challenges and opportunities among fish vendor in Trece
Martires City.” Because if you look around your nearest wet market or even in talipapa(
temporary fish market )you can see that most of the fish vendor are women and because
of that women/female vendors are the most exposed to challenges like gender
discrimination, sexual harassment, violence, etc. Women fish vendor faces many
challenges compare to men besides of the challenges I’ve already mentioned they still
faces the challenge of every vendors like lack of transport facilities, toilet facilities,
portable water facilities, undefined working hours and working days and so on.
Additionally women still need to cook for their families, taking care of their child,
doing some house hold chores, etc. On the other hand, Challenges on the sector of
fisheries are important to know or to mainly acknowledged in terms of business because
it's always there whatever business you are. 
 

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