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Text d1
Text d1
1.A computer network is a series of connections and devices that allow computers
to communicate with each other.
2.A computer network consists of two or more computers that are interconnected
to share resources, exchange files, or allow electronic communications.
3.Computers on a network are connected to share resources, exchange files, or
allow electronic communications.
4.A "node" in a computer network is an individual station, which can be a
computer, terminal, or communication unit.
5.Computers on a network can be linked through cables, telephone lines, radio
waves, satellites, or infrared light beams.
6.A network system establishes a cohesive architecture for almost seamless data
transmission using various equipment types.
7.The two popular architectures used at present are Open System Interconnection
(OSI) and IBM's System Network Architecture.
8.A local-area network (LAN) is a computer network that covers a local area such
as a home, office, or small group of buildings.
9.The topology of a network dictates its physical structure.
10.The generally accepted maximum size for a LAN is 1 square km.
11.The two common wiring technologies for a LAN at present are Ethernet and
Token Ring.
12.A LAN typically includes two or more PCs, printers, CD-ROMs, and file
servers.
13.A LAN is controlled by LAN operating system software.
14.LAN users may have access to other LANs or wide-area networks.
15. A "bridge" is a transfer point used to link LANs with similar architectures.
16. A "gateway" is used to convert data as it passes between LANs with different
architectures.
17.A router is used to make the connection between LANs.
18.A wide-area network (WAN) is a computer network that covers a wide
geographical area and involves many computers.
19.Computer networks may be linked by cables, optical fibers, satellites, and
modems.
20.WANs are typically used to connect LANs together.
21.WANs built by Internet providers provide connections from an organization's
LAN to the Internet.
22.WANs are most often built of leased lines.
23.The Internet is a collection of networks and gateways linking millions of
24.computer users worldwide.
25.Networks within the Internet are linked by common communication programs
and protocols.
26.A network protocol is a set of established standards that enable computers to
communicate with each other, such as TCP/IP, X.25, ATM, and Frame relay.
Task 6
Tast 10
1 Can you explain the role of the application layer in the communication process?
2 What does the presentation layer do to the message before transmission?
3 What is the responsibility of the session layer in network communication?
4 How does the transport layer protect data during transmission?
5 Can you describe the functions of the network layer in a communication process?
6 What does the data-link layer do to ensure message transmission?
7 What is the role of the physical layer in communication?
8 How does an intermediate node handle a message during transmission?
9 Can you describe the process of message transmission at the receiving node?
10 What happens to the message at the presentation layer upon arrival at the
receiving node?
11 What is the importance of checksum calculation in network communication?
12 Can you explain the use of headers in network communication?
13 What is the purpose of rerouting messages to avoid congestion on the network?
14 How does the process of message transmission differ between half-duplex and
full-duplex communication?
15 Can you describe the process of converting a message from human-readable
form to bits?
Task 14
1. A computer network is a set of connections and interconnected devices that
allow computers to communicate with other computers.
through which computers can communicate with other computers.
2. A computer network consists of two or more computers that are
interconnected to share resources, exchange files, or
to enable electronic communication.
3. In a computer network, individual stations, called "nodes," may be
computers, terminals, or communication devices of various types.
4. Computers in a network can be connected by cables, telephone lines,
radio waves, satellites, or infrared rays.
5. In addition to physically connecting computers and communication devices, a
network system has
the function of creating a coherent architecture that enables virtually continuous
information when using different types of equipment.
6. Local and wide area networks are the two main types of networks.
7. A local area network is a computer network that covers a local area.
8. It can be a home, an institution, or a small group of buildings, such as a college
or a factory.
9. The topology of a network determines its physical structure.
10. The generally accepted maximum size for a local area network is 1 square
kilometer.
11. Currently, there are two common connection technologies for a local area
network:
Ethernet and Marker Ring.
12. A local area network usually includes high-capacity storage devices called
called file servers, which allow each computer on the network to access a
a shared set of files.
13. A local area network is managed by the operating system software
operating system software on the local area network.
14. Users of a local area network can also access other local area networks or
connect to global networks.
networks or connect to global networks.
15. Local networks of similar architecture are connected by transition points called
called "bridges".
16. Local networks of different architectures use "gateways" to convert
(
to convert) information when it passes between systems.
17. The router is used to establish communication between local
networks.
18. A wide area network is a computer network that covers a large geographical
area, including a large number of computers.
area, including a large number of computers.
19. Typically, WANs are used to connect local area networks.
20. Many WANs are built for one specific organization and are
private.
21. Others are created by Internet service providers to connect an organization's
LAN to the Internet.
an organization's local area network to the Internet.
22. Most often, global networks are created from leased lines.
23. At each end of the leased line, a router is used to communicate with the
the local network on the one hand, and a hub within the global network on the
other.
24. The best example of a WAN is the Internet, a collection of networks and
gateways that connect millions of users from all continents.
25. Networks within the Internet are connected by common communication
programs and protocols.
26. A protocol is a set of established standards that allow
computers to communicate with each other.
27. The Internet allows users to access a variety of
information by browsing using keystrokes, highlighted text, or
sophisticated search software programs known as search engines.