Training Manual

AIR DISTRIBUTION

B412 L 21 1
 Training Manual

THIS PAGE WAS LEFT INTENTIONALLY WHITE.

B412 L 21 2
 Training Manual

INDEX

AIR DISTRIBUTION (VENTILATION)

BLEED AIR HEATING COMPONENTS
BLEED AIR SHUTOFF VALVE
VARIABLE CONTROL MIXING VALVE
REMOTE SENSOR AND POSITIONING MOTOR
NOISE SUPPRESSOR
HOUSED SELECTOR
HEAT/DEFROST CONTROL LEVER
OVERHEAD VENTILATION SYSTEM
HEAT/VENT AIR DUCTS
VENTILATION BLOWER

B412 L 21 3
 Training Manual

THIS PAGE WAS LEFT INTENTIONALLY WHITE.

B412 L 21 4
 Training Manual

AIR DISTRIBUTION (VENTILATION)

The cabin air distribution system (Figure 21-1) includes two subsystems which provide optional use
of heated or ventilated air from separate sources. The subsystems are functionally separated by
flow actuated Y-valves located under the windshield defrost-defog nozzles. Refer to Figure 21-2 for
system schematic.

Heated air for cabin heating and defrosting windshields is provided by bleed air from engine
compressors. The system pumps air through ducting to outlets at both door posts, either side of
center pedestal, each side of instrument panel, lower forward window nozzles, and left and right
windshield defrosting nozzles. Heating is controlled by switches on overhead console, a
temperature selecting dial on right side door post, and heater defrost control lever on right side of
center pedestal.

Ventilating-defogging system uses ram air as source from intake grills on cabin nose, with optional
use of blowers for windshield nozzle and outlets ahead of crew stations. Air intake is controlled by
actuating a cable knob. Blowers are controlled by an overhead panel switch (Figure 21-2).

The temperature selecting dial, through an electrical positioning motor, controls a remote sensor
which is mounted on plenum chamber in compartment on right side below engine deck. This
remote sensor, using a bi-metallic element, senses temperature in heater duct and controls mixing
valve through a small tube which operates bleed port in valve.

When heater-defrost control lever on front right pedestal is moved forward to ON, valve in base of
pedestal is closed by linkage to shut off heated air flow to four air valves in pedestal base.
Simultaneously, lever linkage activates a micro-switch in base and a micro-switch closes two
valves on single shaft in air distribution outlet control valve and shuts off heated air flow to
passenger compartment valves. When lever is moved aft to OFF position, reverse actions occur to
open the valves.

Engine compressor air flow noise is muffled by a noise suppressor in rear of fuselage forward of
mixing valve.

Heated air exits from noise suppressor into plenum chamber aft of cabin. Temperature limit switch
in aft cabin prevents system overheating. If temperature in plenum exceeds 220°F (104.4°C), the
limit switch activates MASTER CAUTION light and HEATER AIR LINE caution segment. Cycling
continues until heater is turned OFF or problem is corrected.

B412 L 21 5
 Training Manual

Figure 21-1. Heating and Ventilation Air Distribution System (Sheet 1 of 2)

B412 L 21 6
 Training Manual

Figure 21-1. Heating and Ventilation Air Distribution System (Sheet 2 of 2)

B412 L 21 7
 Training Manual

Figure 21-2. Heating and Ventilation Air Distribution System Schematic

B412 L 21 8
 Training Manual

BLEED AIR HEATING COMPONENTS

BLEED AIR SHUTOFF VALVE

Two bleed air shut off valves (2, Figure 21-1), installed on deck of engine compartment, control air
flow to cabin heating system. Valves are opened by 28 VDC to actuate solenoid and are closed by
air pressure.

NOTE
Maintenance procedures for both bleed air shutoff valves are the same. The following procedures
are for bleed air shutoff valve (3, Figure 21-3).

Figure 21-3. Bleed Air Shutoff Valve

B412 L 21 9
 Training Manual

VARIABLE CONTROL MIXING VALVE

The variable control mixing valve (4, Figure 21-1) is installed in the compartment on right side
below engine deck. This valve controls bleed air and ambient air flow as directed by the remote
sensor. A bleed air nozzle inside the mixing valve acts as a jet pump through a venturi to draw in
ambient air and control air flow mixture. When heated air is not at selected temperature, the
remote sensor causes the variable control mixing valve to increase or decrease engine bleed air
flow and regulate ambient air flow to correct the temperature variation. A temperature limit
overheat switch (5) on mixing valve (4) prevents structural damage in the event of an overheat.
The CABIN HTR circuit breaker will open when air in mixing valve reaches 220°F (104.4°C).

Figure 21-4. Variable Control Mixing Valve

B412 L 21 10
 Training Manual

REMOTE SENSOR AND POSITIONING MOTOR

The remote sensor (8, Figure 21-1) is installed on top of the plenum chamber. The sensor controls
the mixing valve through a bleed air port. A bi-metallic element in the sensor activates the mixing
valve through small diameter sensing tube (7, Figure 21-4) between mixing valve and sensor. The
positioning motor is connected electrically to the temperature selecting dial (servo-controller).

B412 L 21 11
 Training Manual

B412 L 21 12
 Training Manual

NOISE SUPPRESSOR

Air flow noise from the engine compressor is muffled by the noise suppressor (6, Figure 21-1).
Heated air exits from the noise suppressor into a plenum chamber in aft cabin area. The noise
suppressor is installed in the rear fuselage forward of the mixing valve.

B412 L 21 13
 Training Manual

HOUSED SELECTOR

For S/N 33001 through 33107, the housed selector (10, Figure 21-1) is electrically controlled to
open and close two flappers in the air distribution outlet control valve. The selector and valve are
interconnected by a shaft adapter.
For S/N 33108 through sub and 36001 through sub, the housed selector valve (10) is electrically
controlled to open and close a flapper in the air distribution housed selector valve. The housed
selector, valve and flapper are built as one unit.

B412 L 21 14
 Training Manual

B412 L 21 15
 Training Manual

HEAT/DEFROST CONTROL LEVER

The heat/defrost control lever (16, Figure 21-1) is installed on the right side of pedestal in cockpit.
With lever pushed forward to ON detent, the flapper valve in the heat-defrost duct opens and
directs heated air to windshield. With lever pulled aft to OFF detent, flapper valve closes and
heated air is directed to crew and passengers.

B412 L 21 16
 Training Manual

OVERHEAD VENTILATION SYSTEM

Overhead ventilation system takes ram air from screened opening in forward end of pylon fairing
and directs it through air valves mounted in ceiling. Two air valves are located in crew
compartment, two in forward center passenger compartment, and five along sides of passenger
compartment.

NOTE
The maintenance procedures for ducts on left side is given. Maintenance procedures for ducts on
right side are similar.

B412 L 21 17
 Training Manual

HEAT/VENT AIR DUCTS

The flexible air ducts throughout the heat-vent air distribution system are made from silicone
impregnated fiberglass cloth. The non-flexible air ducts are made from polycarbonate material.

B412 L 21 18
 Training Manual

VENTILATION/DEFOG SYSTEM

Ventilation/defog system delivers outside air to windshield nozzles and nozzles on sides of
instrument panel. Ram air intake grills are located on cabin nose below each windshield. Each grill
is connected to a plenum chamber and ducts connect chambers to output nozzles. Air intake
volume is controlled by knobs near instrument panel nozzles. When ram air is low, outside air may
be pulled in by turning on the blower which is part of the system.

VENTILATION BLOWER

NOTE
Maintenance procedures for left plenum and blower are given. Maintenance procedures for the
right plenum and blower are similar.

B412 L 21 19