Republic of the Philippines

CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE

F. Pimentel Avenue, Brgy. 2, Daet, Camarines Norte – 4600, Philippines

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

CE 108 – HYDRAULICS Period: 2nd Sem. AY .2021-2022

Subject Instructor: Engr. Alyssa N. Nataño Course and Year: BSCE 3
Learning Material No. and Title: 3. Total Hydrostatic Force on Plane Surfaces Time Allotment: Week 7 (3.5hrs)
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3. TOTAL HYDROSTATIC FORCE ON PLANE SURFACES
Outline of Topics
1. Total Hydrostatic Force on Plane Surfaces

Specific Intended Learning Outcome/s (SILOs)

At the end of this topic, the student should be able to:
• Solve problems regarding Hydrostatic Force on Plane Surfaces
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Engineers must calculate forces exerted by fluids in order to design constraining structures satisfactorily. In this
chapter all three characteristics of hydrostatic forces will be evaluated: magnitude, direction, and sense. In addition,
locations of forces will be found.

Lesson 1: Hydrostatic Force on Plane Surfaces

FORCE EXERTED BY A LIQUID ON A PLANE AREA – The force F exerted by a liquid on a plane area A is equal to
the product of the specific weight γ of the liquid, depth of the center of gravity of the area hCG, and the area.

𝑭 = 𝜸𝒉𝑪𝑮 𝑨

(Eq. 3 – 1)
𝑙𝑏 2
In English system, 𝑙𝑏 = ∗ 𝑓𝑡 ∗ 𝑓𝑡
𝑓𝑡 3
𝑁
In international metric system (SI), 𝑁= ∗ 𝑚 ∗ 𝑚2
𝑚3

Consider the plane surface shown inclined at an angle θ with the horizontal. To get the total force F,
consider a differential elementof dA. Since the element is horizontal the pressure is uniform over this area,
then;
𝑑𝐹 = 𝑃𝑑𝐴
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑃 = 𝛾ℎ
𝑃 = 𝛾 ∗ 𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
𝑑𝐹 = 𝛾 ∗ 𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑑𝐴

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 Republic of the Philippines
CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE
F. Pimentel Avenue, Brgy. 2, Daet, Camarines Norte – 4600, Philippines

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

∫ 𝑑𝐹 = 𝛾 ∗ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 ∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝐴

𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑠, ∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝐴 = 𝐴Ȳ
𝐹 = 𝛾 ∗ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝐴Ȳ
𝐹 = 𝛾 ∗ (Ȳ𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃) 𝐴

𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑟𝑒, (Ȳ𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃) = ĥ

𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏, 𝑭 = 𝜸ĥ𝑨

Center of Pressure on plane areas (Cp)

Any plane surface subjected to hydrostatic pressure is acted upon by an infinite number of parallel forces whose magnitudes vary with the depth,
below the free surface, of various infinitesimal areas on which the respective forces act . Since these forces are parallel they maybe replaced by a
single resultant force F The point on the surface at which this resultant force acts is called the center of pressure (cp).

In other words, if the total hydrostatic pressure on any area were applied at the center of pressure, the same effect would be produced on the area
as produced by the variable pressures distributed over the area.

Moreover, center of pressure is located at the centroid of the pressure diagram.

Remember that:

Center of gravity or (centroid) is different from the center of pressure. In this topic, cg is used to compute the amount the total hydrostatic force, but
the point where this force acts is the center of pressure (cp). Also, cg is the centroid of the plane surface, while cp is the centroid of the pressure
diagram.

There are many built-up sections in which the component parts are not symmetrically distributed about the centroidal axis. The easiest way to
determine the moment of inertia of such a section is to find the moment of inertia of the component parts about their own centroidal axis and then
apply the transfer formula. The transfer formula transfers the moment of inertia of a section or area from its own centroidal axis to another parallel
axis (using the formula shown).

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 Republic of the Philippines
CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE
F. Pimentel Avenue, Brgy. 2, Daet, Camarines Norte – 4600, Philippines

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Eccentricity is the distance between center of pressure (cp) and center of gravity (cg).

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 Republic of the Philippines
CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE
F. Pimentel Avenue, Brgy. 2, Daet, Camarines Norte – 4600, Philippines

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

SAMPLE PROBLEMS

CE 108 - Hydraulics Page 4 of 8

 Republic of the Philippines
CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE
F. Pimentel Avenue, Brgy. 2, Daet, Camarines Norte – 4600, Philippines

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

CE 108 - Hydraulics Page 5 of 8

 Republic of the Philippines
CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE
F. Pimentel Avenue, Brgy. 2, Daet, Camarines Norte – 4600, Philippines

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

CE 108 - Hydraulics Page 6 of 8

 Republic of the Philippines
CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE
F. Pimentel Avenue, Brgy. 2, Daet, Camarines Norte – 4600, Philippines

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

CE 108 - Hydraulics Page 7 of 8

 Republic of the Philippines
CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE
F. Pimentel Avenue, Brgy. 2, Daet, Camarines Norte – 4600, Philippines

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

CE 108 - Hydraulics Page 8 of 8