D.A.

V SCHOOL
SREE NANDEESWARAR CAMPUS,ADAMBAKKAM
CHENNAI-88
STD:X
SUBJECT: BIOLOGY
CHAPTER-8
HOW DO ORGANISMS REPRODUCE?
PART-A ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

1. What is the importance of DNA copying in reproduction?

Organisms look similar because their body designs are similar.
For body design to be similar the blueprint of the designs should be similar.
The DNA in the cell nucleus is an important source for these designs.

2. Why is the variation beneficial to the species but not necessary for the individual?
If the population of reproducing organism were suited to a particular place and if the
where practically alter drastically the population would be wiped out.
if some variations here to be e present in a few individuals in this population there
would be chance for them to survive.

3 How does binary fission differ from Multiple Fission?

In a Binary fission the parent organism spits into 2 daughter cells followed by division of
cytoplasm, thus resulting into two identical individuals.
it occurs during favourable condition
Nucleus divides only once during this form of reproduction
Protective covering is not formed around an organism.
example: amoeba Paramecium leishmania.

Multiple Fission.
It is spontaneous division of the parent body into many daughter individuals.
It occurs when an organism faces any favourable environmental condition.
Nucleus divide repeatedly to form number of nuclei
Protective covering called cyst is formed around an organism during Multiple Fission.
example: plasmodium.
Multiple Fission in Plasmodium
4. How an organism is benefitted when it reproduces through spores?

 Organisms reproducing through spores will be benefitted because spore formation is

simple and faster mode of reproduction.
 Spores being so light and small get easily dispersed through wind.
 Spores bear a thick covering to enable them to survive unfavourable conditions.

5 .Can you think why more complex organisms can’t give rise to new individuals through
regeneration?

More complex organisms can’t reproduce through regeneration because their body
design is highly complicated, and have specific organs to do specific functions.
There is a division of labour in the body o0f complex organism and regeneration carried
out by specialised cells (regenerative cells) which are not present in complex organisms.
e.g., Renegeneration - Planaria.
Reproduction- Humans.

6. Why is vegetative propogation practised for growing some types of plants ?

Vegetative propogation is practised for growing some types of plants because:

Characters of plants can be preserved through sucessive generation.
Seedless plants can be grown through vegetative propogation.
By cutting and grafting method flowers and fruits can be grown in a shorter time
duration.
It is a cheaper , easier and more rapid mode of plant propogation.
7. Why is DNA copying an essential part of reproduction?

DNA is the information source for the inheritance of characteristics from the parent to
next generation.
DNA copying is an essential part of reproduction because it makes possible
transmissions of characteristics from parent to the offspring in the next generation.
DNA copying is accompanied by the cell division that give rise to a daughter cells.
Exact blue print of the body design in the offspring is due to the DNA replication in
parent cell..

8.How do reproducion help in providing stability to a population in a species?

Population of organisms fill well- defined places or niches in an ecosystem , using their
ability to reproduce.
The consistency of DNA copying during reproduction is important for the maintenance of
the body design that allows the organism to use that particular niche.
Reproduction is therefore linked to the stability of population of species.

9. What are the advantages of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction?

 In asexual reproduction the offsprings are almost identical to the parents because they
have the same gene of their parents.
 Thus genetic variation is not possible or slow in asexual reproduction.
 Sexual reproducing involves fusion of male and female gamete coming from both the
parents.
 The offsprings receive some genes from mother and some from father, this mixing of
gene from father and mother , in various different combinations result in the offspring
having genetic variation.
 Thus we conclude that sexual reproduction promotes diversity of characters in the
offspring.
 This genetic variation that continues leads to evolution of various species to form better
and still better organism.

10. How are the modes of r3eproduction different from unicellular and multicellular organisms?

 Unicellular organisms have only one cell. There is no separate tissue for reproduction so
they reproduce by budding or fission.
 On the other hand multicellular organisms contain various cells that has separate system
for reproduction, , so multicellular organism reproduce both sexually and asexually..