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2.4 PORTAL
Contoh 12

P3 = 3 t q = 2 t/m’
P2 = 4 t
C D E

Q=8t
4m
4m
2m
P1 = 2 t
B F

4m

2m 4m

Ditanya :
 Hitung reaksi-reaksi –perletakan
 Hitung momen, lintang dan normal perbentang
 Gambar bidang momen , lintang dan normal

Statika : Analisa Struktur Portal oleh Fauzi Rahman

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Penyelesaian :
► Mencari reaksi perletakan

P3 = 3 t q = 2 t/m’
P2 = 4 t
C D E

Q=8t
4m
4m
2m
P1 = 2 t
B F
HF

VF
4m

VA
2m 4m

∑H = 0 HF + P1 + P2 – Q = 0
HF + 2 + 4 – 8 = 0
HF = 2 t ( )

∑MF = 0 VA.6 + P1.0 + P2.4 – P3.4 – Q.2 = 0

6VA + 16 -12 -16 = 0
6VA = 12
VA = 2 t ( )

∑MA = 0 -VF.6 – Q.6 + HF.4 + P1.4 + P3.2 + P2.8 = 0

-6VF – 48 + 8 + 8 + 6 + 32 = 0
6VF = 6
VF = 1 t ( )

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Kontrol : ∑V = 0 VA + VF – P3 = 0
2+1–3=0
0=0 OK !
► Menghitung Momen, Lintang dan Normal perbentang
● Bentang A-B (0 ≤ y ≤ 4 m ) dari kiri ke kanan, y dari titik A

Ny

My
Ly
y

VA = 2 t

∑M = 0 My = 0
∑H = 0 Ly = 0
∑V = 0 Ny + VA = 0
Ny = -2 t

y(m) My(tm) Ly(ton) Ny(ton)

A-B
(0 ≤ y ≤ 4 m ) 0 0 -2

0 MA = 0 LAB = 0 NAB = -2
1 M1 = 0 L1 = 0 N1 = -2
2 M2 = 0 L2 = 0 N2 = -2
3 M3 = 0 L3 = 0 N3 = -2
4 MB = 0 LBA = 0 NBA = -2

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● Bentang B-C (0 ≤ y ≤ 4 m ) dari kiri ke kanan, y dari titik B

Ny

My

Ly

y
B
P1= 2t

4m

VA = 2 t

∑M = 0 - P1 . y - My = 0
My = - P1.y
My = - 2 y
∑H = 0 P1 + Ly = 0
Ly = - P1
Ly = - 2
∑V = 0 Ny + VA = 0
Ny = -2

y(m) My(tm) Ly(ton) Ny(ton)

B-C
-2y -2 -2
(0 ≤ y ≤ 4 m )

0 MB = 0 LBC = -2 NBC = -2
1 M1 = -2 L1 = -2 N1 = -2
2 M2 = -4 L2 = -2 N2 = -2
3 M3 = -6 L3 = -2 N3 = -2
4 MC = -8 LCB = -2 NCB = -2

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● Bentang C-D (0 ≤ x ≤ 2 m ) dari kiri ke kanan, x dari titik C

x
C Mx
P2 = 4 t Nx
Lx

4m

P1 = 2 t B

4m
Y, V

X, H A

VA = 2t

∑M = 0 - P1 . 4 + VA . x - Mx = 0
Mx = - 2 (4) + 2x
Mx = 2x - 8
∑V = 0 VA - Lx + = 0
Lx = - 2
∑H = 0 P1 + P2 + Nx = 0
Nx = - P1 – P2
Nx = - 6

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x(m) Mx(tm) Lx(ton) Nx(ton)

C-D
(0 ≤ x ≤ 2 m ) 2x - 8 2 -6

0 MC = -8 LCD = 2 NCD = -6
1 M1 = -6 L1 = 2 N1 = -6
2 MD = -4 LDC = 2 NDC = -6

● Bentang F-E (0 ≤ y ≤ 4 m ) dari kanan ke kiri, y dari titik F

Ny

My
Ly

q = 2t/m’
y

HF = 2t
VF = 1 t

∑M = 0 My - HF.y + q.y.(y/2) = 0
My = HF.y - ½ q.y2
My = 2y – y2
∑H = 0 HF + Ly = 0
Ly = - 2
∑V = 0 Ny + VF = 0
Ny = - 1

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y(m) My(tm) Ly(ton) Ny(ton)

F-E
2y – y2 -2 + 2y -1
(0 ≤ y ≤ 4 m )
0 MF = 0 LFE = -2 NFE = -1
1 M1 = 1 L1 = 0 N1 = -1
2 M2 = 0 L2 = 2 N2 = -1
3 M3 = -3 L3 = 4 N3 = -1
4 ME = -8 LEF = 6 NEF= -1

● Bentang E-D (0 ≤ x ≤ 4 m ) dari kanan ke kiri, x dari titik E

x
Lx
Mx E
Nx

2m q = 2t/m’
Q =q.4 4m
=8t
F
HF = 2t
VF = 1 t

∑M = 0 Mx - HF.4 + Q . 2 - VF . x = 0
Mx = 2(4) – 8(2) + x
Mx = x - 8
∑V = 0 VF + Lx = 0
Lx = - 1
∑H = 0 - Nx - Q + HF = 0
Nx = 2 – 8
Nx = - 6

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x(m) Mx(tm) Lx(ton) Nx(ton)

E-D
(0 ≤ x ≤ 4 m ) x-8 -1 -6

0 ME = -8 LED = -1 NED = -6
1 M1 = -7 L1 = -1 N1 = -6
2 M2 = -6 L2 = -1 N2 = -6
3 M3 = -5 L3 = -1 N3 = -6
4 MD = -4 LDE = -1 NDE = -6

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► Gambar bidang M, L dan N

P3 = 3 t q = 2 t/m’
P2 = 4 t
C D E

Q=8t
4m
4m
2m
P1 = 2 t
B F
HF = 2 t

VF = 1 t
4m

VA = 2 t

2m 4m

8 8
2 2
4
- - +
8 D
8 6
C D E - C 2 - E
- 3 1 1 +

4 0 -

4 + 0
Bidang M -
0 B 0 F B Bidang L F
2 2

A A

6
6 6

- -

2
1
C D E

-
0

- B Bidang N F 1

2 A

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Contoh 13

q2 = 1 t/m’
D E

2m P1= 4t

B S C P2 = 8 t

q1 = 2 t/m’

4m

A
2m 4m 4m

Ditanya : ► Hitung reaksi-reaksi perletakan

► Hitung momen, lintang dan normal perbentang
► Gambar bidang momen, lintang dan normal
Penyelesaian :
● Mencari reaksi perletakan
♦ Struktur Penumpang

q2 = 1 t/m’

D E

P1 = 4t
2m Q2 = 4 t
2m VE
B HS S C P2 = 8 t

VS
2m 4m 4m

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∑H = 0 HS - P2 = 0
HS = 8 t ( )

∑ME = 0 VS.8 + P1.10 - HS . 2 + P2.2 – Q2.2 = 0

8VS – 40 - 16 +16 – 8 = 0
8VS = 48
VS = 6 t ( )

∑MS = 0 -VE.8 + Q2.6 - P1.2 = 0

-8VE + 24 - 8 = 0
8VE = 16
VE = 2 t ( )

Kontrol : ∑V = 0 VS + VE – Q2 – P1 = 0
6+2–4-4=0
0=0 OK !

♦ Struktur Utama

VS = 6 t

S HS = 8 t ∑H = 0 - HS – Q1 + HA = 0
HA = HS + Q
q1 = 2 t/m’
HA = 8 + 8
4m
Q1 = 8t HA = 16 t ( )

2m ∑V = 0 VA - VS = 0

A HA VA = 6 t ( )

∑MA = 0 - HS . 4 - Q1.2 + MA = 0
MA
MA = 32 + 16 = 48
VA
MA = 48 tm ( )

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● Mencari Momen, Lintang dan Normal perbentang

♦ Bentang B – S ( 0 ≤ x ≤ 2 m ) dari kiri ke kanan, x dari titik B

P1 = 4t ∑M = 0 - P1. x – Mx = 0
Mx
Nx Mx = - 4x
B
Lx ∑V = 0 - P1 – Lx = 0

Lx = - 4
x
∑H = 0 Nx = 0

x(m) Mx(tm) Lx(ton) Nx(ton)

B-S
(0 ≤ x ≤ 2 m ) - 4x -4 0

0 MB = 0 LBS = -4 NBS = 0
1 M1 = - 4 L1 = -4 N1 = 0
2 MS = - 8 LSB = -4 NSB = 0

♦ Bentang S – C ( 0 ≤ x ≤ 4 m ) dari kiri ke kanan, x dari titik S

P1 = 4t
Mx

HS = 8 t Nx

VS = 6 t Lx
2m x

∑M = 0 - - P1.( 2+x) + VS.x – Mx = 0

Mx = - 4(2+x) + 6x
Mx = -8 -4x + 6x
Mx = 2x - 8

∑V = 0 - P1 + Vs – Lx = 0
Lx = - P1 + Vs
Lx = -4 + 6
Lx = 2

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∑H = 0 Nx + HS = 0
Nx = -8

x(m) Mx(tm) Lx(ton) Nx(ton)

S-C
(0≤x≤4m) 2x - 8 2 -8

0 MS = - 8 LSC = 2 NSC = -8
1 M1 = - 6 L1 = 2 N1 = -8
2 M2 = - 4 L2 = 2 N2 = -8
3 M3 = - 2 L3 = 2 N3 = -8
4 MC = 0 LCS= 2 NCS = -8

♦ Bentang E – D ( 0 ≤ x ≤ 4 m ) dari kanan ke kiri, x dari titik E

q2 = 1 t/m’
Mx
Nx E
Lx q2 .x
x/2
VE = 2 t
x

∑M = 0 - Mx + q2 .x.(x/2) - VE .x = 0
Mx = - q2 .x.(x/2) + VE .x
Mx = - ½ x2 + 2x
∑V = 0 Lx - q2 .x + VE = 0
Lx = x - 2
∑H = 0 Nx = 0

x(m) Mx(tm) Lx(ton) Nx(ton)

E-D
(0≤x≤4m) - ½ x2 + 2x x-2 0

0 ME = 0 LED = -2 NED = 0
1 M1 = 1,5 L1 = -1 N1 = 0
2 M2 = 2 L2 = 0 N2 = 0
3 M3= 1,5 L3 = 1 N3 = 0
4 MD= 0 LDE= 2 NDE = 0

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♦ Bentang D – C ( 0 ≤ y ≤ 2 m ) dari kanan ke kiri, y dari titik D

2m q2 = 1 t/m’

D E

y Q2 = 4 t

VE = 2 t
Ly
My

Ny
4m

∑M = 0 - My + Q2 .2 - VE .4 = 0
My = - Q2 .2 + VE .4
My = - 4(2) + 2(4)
My = 0

∑H = 0 Ly = 0

∑V = 0 - Ny - Q2 + VE = 0
Ny = -4 + 2
Ny = -2

y(m) My(tm) Ly(ton) Ny(ton)

D-C
(0≤y≤2m) 0 0 -2

0 MD = 0 LDC = 0 NDC = -2
1 M1 = 0 L1 = 0 N1 = -2
2 MC = 0 LCD = 0 NCD = -2

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♦ Bentang S – A ( 0 ≤ y ≤ 4 m ) dari kanan ke kiri, y dari titik S

Vs = 6t

S HS = 8 t

q1 = 2 t/m’

y q1.y

y/2

Ly
My

Ny

∑M = 0 - My - q1 .y ( y/2) - Hs .y = 0
My = q1 .y ( y/2) + Hs .y
My = y2 + 8y

∑H = 0 - Ly - q1.y - HS = 0
Ly = -2y - 8

∑V = 0 - Ny – VS = 0
Ny = -6

y(m) My(tm) Ly(ton) Ny(ton)

S-A y2 + 8y -2y - 8 -6
(0≤y≤4m)

0 MS = 0 LSA = -8 NSA = -6
1 M1 = 9 L1 = -10 N1 = -6
2 M2 = 20 L2 = -12 N2 = -6
3 M3= 33 L3 = -14 N3 = -6
4 MA= 48 LAS= -16 NAS = -6

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 108

q2 = 1 t/m’

D E

2m P1 = 4t

S C VE = 2 t
B HS = 8 t

q1 = 2 t/m’
4m

HA = 16 t

MA = 48 tm VA = 6 t

2m 4m 4m

D E
0 0
+
2m 8 1,5 2 1,5
4
-
0 B S C0

4m 20
Bidang Momen
33
+

48 A

2m 4m 4m

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+
D 0 E
-
2m 2 2 2

B S + C
8
-

4 4
12 Bidang Lintang
4m -

A 16

2m 4m 4m

D E
8 8 2

2m - -

B S 6 C 2

4m - Bidang Normal

A 6

2m 4m 4m

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Contoh 14 Portal dengan Batang Miring

q = 2 t/m’

P=4t C
B

3m

A α

4m 4m

Ditanya :
 Hitung reaksi-reaksi –perletakan
 Hitung momen, lintang dan normal perbentang
 Gambar bidang momen , lintang dan normal
Penyelesaian :

q = 2 t/m’

P=4t C Hc
B

3m Q = q.4=8t Vc

2m
A α

4m 4m
VA

► Mencari Reaksi Perletakan

∑H = 0 - HC + P = 0
HC = 4 t ( )

∑MC = 0 VA.8 – Q.2 = 0

8VA – 8(2) = 0
8VA = 16
VA = 2 t ( )

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∑MA = 0 -VC.8 + Q.6 + P.3 – Hc.3 = 0

-8VC + 48 + 12 - 12 = 0
8VC = 48
VC = 6 t ( )
Kontrol : ∑V = 0 VA + VC – Q = 0
2+6 -8=0
0=0 OK !

► Menghitung Momen, Lintang dan Normal perbentang

● Bentang A – B ( 0 ≤ s ≤ 5m ) dari kiri ke kanan, s dari titik A

Ms Ns

V H s= 5
Ls a=3
α

A α b=4
Dalil Fitagoras :
s s2 = a2 + b2
VAy s = √ ( a2 + b2 )
α s=5
VAx
VA = 2 t Sin α = 3/5 ; Cos α = 4/5

VAx = VA .Cos α = 2(4/5) = 1,6 t

VAy = VA .Sin α = 2(3/5) = 1,2 t

∑M = 0 VAx .s - Ms = 0
Ms = VAx .s = 2 ( 4/5 ).s
Ms = (8/5) s
Ms = 1,6. s

∑V = 0 VAx – Ls = 0
Ls = VAx
Ls = 1,6

∑H = 0 VAy + Ns = 0
Ns = - 1,2

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s (m) Ms(tm) Ls(ton) Ns(ton)

A-B
( 0 ≤ s ≤ 5m ) 1,6 s 1,6 -1,2

NAB = - 1,2
0 MA = 0 LAB = 1,6
N1 = - 1,2
1 M1 = 1,6 L1 = 1,6
N2 = - 1,2
2 M2 = 3,2 L2 = 1,6
N3 = - 1,2
3 M3 = 4,8 L3 = 1,6
N4 = - 1,2
4 M4 = 6,4 L4 = 1,6
NBA = - 1,2
5 MB = 8,0 LBA = 1,6

● Bentang C – B ( 0 ≤ x ≤ 4m ) dari kanan ke kiri, x dari titik C

q = 2 t/m’
Mx
Nx C Hc = 4t
Lx q .x
x/2
VC = 6 t
x

∑M = 0 - Mx + q .x.(x/2) – VC .x = 0
Mx = - q .x.(x/2) + VC .x
Mx = - x2 + 6 x
∑V = 0 Lx - q .x + VC = 0
Lx = 2 x - 6
∑H = 0 - Nx + Hc = 0 Nx = - 4

x(m) Mx(tm) Lx(ton) Nx(ton)

C-B
(0≤x≤4m) - x2 + 6x 2x - 6 -4

0 MC = 0 LCB = -6 NCB = -4
1 M1 = 5 L1 = -4 N1 = -4
2 M2 = 8 L2 = -2 N2 = -4
3 M3 = 9 L3 = 0 N3 = -4
4 MB = 8 LBC= 2 NBC = -4

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q = 2 t/m’

P=4t C Hc = 4t
B

3m Q = q.4=8t Vc = 6t

2m
A α

4m 4m
VA = 2t
9
8
8 8 5
+

+
B C

Bidang Momen

2
1,6
0
B C
-
Bidang Lintang

1,6
6
A 4 4

-1,2 -

B C

Bidang Normal
-1,2

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