Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 01b Loads

    Uploaded by

    Nandar Hlaing
    9 views13 pages
    The document discusses fatigue of ships and offshore structures from cyclic loads. It outlines three main sources of cyclic loads: 1) varying loading conditions resulting in 102-103 cycles, 2) wave-induced pressures causing 107-108 cycles, and 3) propulsion loads and vibrations including 1010 cycles from vibrations. Sea waves can also induce dynamic excitation through slamming, whipping, and springing hull girder vibrations close to resonant frequencies. Fatigue loading on ships is influenced by factors like ship dimensions and operating conditions.

    Original Description:

    Lecture

    Original Title

    01b_Loads

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document
    The document discusses fatigue of ships and offshore structures from cyclic loads. It outlines three main sources of cyclic loads: 1) varying loading conditions resulting in 102-103 cycles, 2) wave-induced pressures causing 107-108 cycles, and 3) propulsion loads and vibrations including 1010 cycles from vibrations. Sea waves can also induce dynamic excitation through slamming, whipping, and springing hull girder vibrations close to resonant frequencies. Fatigue loading on ships is influenced by factors like ship dimensions and operating conditions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    9 views13 pages

    01b Loads

    Uploaded by

    Nandar Hlaing
    The document discusses fatigue of ships and offshore structures from cyclic loads. It outlines three main sources of cyclic loads: 1) varying loading conditions resulting in 102-103 cycles, 2) wave-induced pressures causing 107-108 cycles, and 3) propulsion loads and vibrations including 1010 cycles from vibrations. Sea waves can also induce dynamic excitation through slamming, whipping, and springing hull girder vibrations close to resonant frequencies. Fatigue loading on ships is influenced by factors like ship dimensions and operating conditions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 13

    FATIGUE OF SHIPS AND OFFSHORE STRUCTURES

    Source: https://www.explorermagazin.de/amstar/amaut_e.htm Source: https://metallurgyandmaterials.wordpress.com/2015/12/25/liberty-ship-failures/

    Nandar Hlaing, Pablo G. Morato


    Philippe Rigo
    Loads – Ship structures

    1) Static loads
    • Still water hull girder loads
    • External loads
    • Internal loads

    2) Dynamic loads
    • Dynamic hull girder loads
    • External loads
    • Internal loads

    IACS.(2017). Common Structural Rules for Bulk Carriers and Oil Tankers.
    FATIGUE OF SHIPS AND OFFSHORE STRUCTURES 2 Nandar Hlaing, Pablo G. Morato
    Cyclic loads – Ship structures

    Stress cycle (nomenclature) 𝐒𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐬 𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞


    Δ𝜎 = 𝜎𝑚𝑎𝑥 − 𝜎𝑚𝑖𝑛
    𝜎𝑚𝑎𝑥
    Δ𝜎 𝐌𝐞𝐚𝐧 𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐬
    𝜎𝑚𝑎𝑥 + 𝜎𝑚𝑖𝑛
    𝜎𝑚 =
    𝜎𝑚 2
    𝐒𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐬 𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐮𝐝𝐞
    𝜎𝑎 = Δ𝜎/2

    𝜎𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝐒𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐬 𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨


    𝜎𝑚𝑖𝑛
    𝑅=
    𝑓 = 0.45 𝐻𝑧; 𝑇 = 1/𝑓 = 2.22 𝑠; 𝜔 = 2𝜋𝑓 = 2.82 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠 𝜎𝑚𝑎𝑥
    FATIGUE OF SHIPS AND OFFSHORE STRUCTURES 3 Nandar Hlaing, Pablo G. Morato
    Cyclic loads – Ship structures

    Mean stress and stress ratio


    Δ𝜎 = 80 𝑀𝑃𝑎
    𝑅 = 0.2
    (+) 𝜎𝑚 = 60 𝑀𝑃𝑎

    𝑅 = −1
    𝜎𝑚 = 0 𝑀𝑃𝑎

    (−)

    FATIGUE OF SHIPS AND OFFSHORE STRUCTURES 4 Nandar Hlaing, Pablo G. Morato


    Cyclic loads – Ship structures

    FATIGUE OF SHIPS AND OFFSHORE STRUCTURES 5 Nandar Hlaing, Pablo G. Morato


    Cyclic loads – Ship structures

    Loading Condition Sea Waves Vibrations


    • Hour or weeks • Around 10s • 1s

    How many cycles in 25 years lifetime?

    FATIGUE OF SHIPS AND OFFSHORE STRUCTURES 6 Nandar Hlaing, Pablo G. Morato


    Cyclic loads – Ship structures

    Loading Condition Sea Waves Vibrations


    • Hour or weeks • Around 10s • 1s

    How many cycles in 25 years lifetime?

    102 − 103 𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑠 107 − 108 𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑠 1010 𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑠

    FATIGUE OF SHIPS AND OFFSHORE STRUCTURES 7 Nandar Hlaing, Pablo G. Morato


    Cyclic loads – Ship structures

    Fatigue loading
    1) Varying loading conditions
    ≈ 102 −103 𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑠
    2) Wave-induced pressure
    ≈ 107 −108 𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑠
    3) Propulsion-loads and vibrations
    • Engine / propellers
    • Wave impacts (slamming)
    • Hull girder vibrations (whipping,
    springing)

    Fricke, W. (2017). Fatigue and Fracture of Ship Structures. Encyclopedia of Maritime and Offshore Engineering, 1-12.

    FATIGUE OF SHIPS AND OFFSHORE STRUCTURES 8 Nandar Hlaing, Pablo G. Morato


    Sea Waves
    Sea waves – Dynamic excitation

    FATIGUE OF SHIPS AND OFFSHORE STRUCTURES 9 Nandar Hlaing, Pablo G. Morato


    Sea Waves
    Slamming, whipping
    - Slamming is impact of ship bottom on the sea
    - Broad bow flare and flat stern in high-speed
    ships
    - Bottom slamming

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rcg0WWriOgA&ab
    _channel=usnavyresearch

    - Slamming induces whipping, i.e., significant hull


    girder vibration
    - Affects fatigue strength
    - Experimental or numerical tests

    Kim, J. H., Kim, Y., Yuck, R. H., & Lee, D. Y. (2015).


    Comparison of slamming and whipping loads by fully
    coupled hydroelastic analysis and experimental
    measurement. Journal of Fluids and Structures, 52, 145-
    165.

    FATIGUE OF SHIPS AND OFFSHORE STRUCTURES 10 Nandar Hlaing, Pablo G. Morato


    Sea Waves
    Springing
    - The continual hull girder vibration by waves
    - Wave excitation close to hull girder resonant frequency
    - Issue for low frequency and high-speed ships
    - Can also be present in low or moderate sea states
    - First experience:
    - Fatigue cracking on 700 ft Great Lakes bulk carriers in 1950s

    FATIGUE OF SHIPS AND OFFSHORE STRUCTURES 11 Nandar Hlaing, Pablo G. Morato


    Sea Waves

    FATIGUE OF SHIPS AND OFFSHORE STRUCTURES 12 Nandar Hlaing, Pablo G. Morato


    Sea Waves

    Long or short ships!

    Source: https://www.sweetcouch.com/art/20955025-
    boat-wave

    FATIGUE OF SHIPS AND OFFSHORE STRUCTURES 13 Nandar Hlaing, Pablo G. Morato

    You might also like